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Article IX: Constitutional Commissions

A. Common Provisions
Section 1. Independent Commissions
Macalintal v. COMELEC, GR 15701, !ul" 10, #00
FACTS: MACALINTAL, A MEMBER OF TE PILIPPINE
BAR, SO!"T A #ECLARATION TAT CERTAIN
PRO$ISIONS OF REP!BLIC ACT NO. %1&% 'TE
O$ERSEAS ABSENTEE $OTIN" ACT OF ())*+ S!FFER
FROM CONSTIT!TIONAL INFIRMIT,. TE PETITION
ALLE"E# TAT SEC (- OF TE RA .IC ALLO.S
TE CON"RESS 'TRO!" TE /OINT
CON"RESSIONAL O$ERSI"T COMMITTEE CREATE#
IN TE SAME SECTION+ TO E0ERCISE TE PO.ER TO
RE$IE., RE$ISE, AMEN#, AN# APPRO$E TE
IMPLEMENTIN" R!LES AN# RE"!LATIONS 'IRR+
TAT TE COMELEC SALL PROM!L"ATE, $IOLATES
TE IN#EPEN#ENCE OF TE COMELEC !N#ER ART.
I01A, SEC. 1 OF TE CONSTIT!TION.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT SECTION (- OF R.A. NO.
%1&% IS $IOLATI$E OF ART. I01A, SEC. 1 OF TE
CONSTIT!TION.
EL#: TE CO!RT R!LE# TAT SECTION (- OF R.A.
NO. %1&%, .IT RESPECT TO ALLO.IN" CON"RESS
TO E0ERCISE TE PO.ER TO RE$IE., RE$ISE,
AMEN#, AN# APPRO$E TE IRR TAT TE COMELEC
SALL PROM!L"ATE, IS $IOLATI$E OF ART. I01A,
SEC. 1 OF TE CONSTIT!TION. TE AMBIT OF
LE"ISLATI$E PO.ER !N#ER ARTICLE $I OF TE
CONSTIT!TION IS CIRC!MSCRIBE# B, OTER
CONSTIT!TIONAL PRO$ISIONS, ONE OF .IC IS
TE AFOREMENTIONE# PRO$ISION ON TE
IN#EPEN#ENCE OF CONSTIT!TIONAL COMMISSIONS.
TE CO!RT AS EL# TAT 2.ATE$ER MA, BE
TE NAT!RE OF TE F!NCTIONS OF TE
COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, TE FACT IS TAT TE
FRAMERS OF TE CONSTIT!TION .ANTE# IT TO BE
IN#EPEN#ENT FROM TE OTER #EPARTMENTS OF
TE "O$ERNMENT.
Om$u%sman v. Civil &ervice Commission, GR 'o.
15(()0, *e$ruar" 1+, #005
FACTS: MELCOR CARAN#AN", PA!L ELMER
CLEMENTE AN# /OSE TERESO #E /ES!S, /R., .ERE
APPOINTE# "RAFT IN$ESTI"ATION OFFICERS III OF
TE OFFICE OF TE OMB!#SMAN. TE CI$IL
SER$ICE COMMISSION 'CSC+ APPRO$E# TE
APPOINTMENTS ON TE CON#ITION TAT FOR TE
APPOINTEES TO AC3!IRE SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE,
TE, M!ST FIRST OBTAIN A CAREER E0EC!TI$E
SER$ICE 'CES+. TE OMB!#SMAN RE3!ESTE# TO
TE CSC FOR TE CAN"E OF STAT!S FROM
TEMPORAR, TO PERMANENT, OF TE
APPOINTMENTS OF CARAN#AN", CLEMENTE AN# #E
/ES!S, EMPASI4IN" TAT SINCE TE OFFICE OF
TE OMB!#SMAN IS NOT "O$ERNE# B, TE CAREER
E0EC!TI$E SER$ICE BOAR#, SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE
CAN BE "RANTE# #ESPITE TE ABSENCE OF CES
ELI"IBILIT,. CSC CAN"E# TE STAT!S OF
CARAN#AN"5S AN# CLEMENTE5S APPOINTMENTS TO
PERMANENT B!T NOT .IT RESPECT TO #E /ES!S
ON TE "RO!N# TAT E 6AS NOT MET TE
ELI"IBILIT, RE3!IREMENTS. ENCE, TIS PETITION
FOR CERITIORARI FILE# B, TE OFFICE OF TE
OMB!#SMAN SEE7IN" TO N!LLIF, TE CSC
RESOL!TION.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE "ENERAL PO.ER OF
TE CI$IL SER$ICE COMMISSION TO A#MINISTER
CI$IL SER$ICE APPL, TO IN#EPEN#ENT OFFICES
SPECIFICALL, A!TORI4E# B, TE CONSTIT!TION
.IT TE #ISCRETIONAR, PO.ER TO APPOINT
TEIR OFFICIALS.
EL#: TE CO!RT R!LE# TAT CSC LA.S AN#
R!LES STILL APPL, #ESPITE TE RESPONSIBILIT, OF
TE ESTABLISMENT, A#MINISTRATION AN#
MAINTENANCE OF 3!ALIFICATION STAN#AR#S LIES
.IT TE CONCERNE# #EPARTMENT OR A"ENC,.
TE ROLE OF TE CSC O.E$ER IS LIMITE# ONL,
TO ASSISTIN" TE #EPARTMENT A"ENC, .IT
RESPECT TO TE 3!ALIFICATION STAN#AR#S AN#
APPRO$IN" TEM.
Section (. Pro8i9ition on Mem9ers
Section *. S:;:r<
Section =. Po>er to Appoint
Section -. Fisc:; A?tonom<
C&C v. ,-M, ).# &CRA #
FACTS: TE TOTAL F!N#S APPROPRIATE# B,
"ENERAL APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF ())( '"AA+ FOR
CI$IL SER$ICE COMMISSION 'CSC+ .AS P(&-
MILLION. CSC COMPLAINS TAT TE TOTAL F!N#S
RELEASE# B, #EPARTMENT OF B!#"ET AN#
MANA"EMENT '#BM+ .AS ONL, P(@% MILLION,
TEREB, LEA$IN" AN !NRELEASE# BALANCE OF
P-.& MILLION. CSC CONTEN#S TAT TE F!N#S
.ERE INTENTIONALL, .ITEL# B, #BM ON TE
"RO!N# OF TEIR 2NO REPORT, NO RELEASE
POLIC,. ENCE, CSC FILE# A PETITION FOR
MAN#AM!S SEE7IN" TO COMPEL TE #BM TO
RELEASE TE BALANCE OF ITS B!#"ET FOR FISCAL
,EAR ())(. AT TE SAME TIME, IT SEE7S A
#ETERMINATION B, TIS CO!RT OF TE E0TENT OF
TE CONSTIT!TIONAL CONCEPT OF FISCAL
A!TONOM,.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT #BM5S POLIC,, NO REPORT,
NO RELEASE IS CONSTIT!TIONAL
EL#: TE CO!RT R!LE# IN TE NE"ATI$E, #BMAS
ACT OF .ITOL#IN" TE S!B/ECT F!N#S FROM
CSC #!E TO RE$EN!E SORTFALL IS EREB,
#ECLARE# !NCONSTIT!TIONAL. TE NO REPORT,
NO RELEASE POLIC, MA, NOT BE $ALI#L,
ENFORCE# A"AINST OFFICES $ESTE# .IT FISCAL
A!TONOM,. IN#EE#, S!C POLIC, CANNOT BE
ENFORCE# A"AINST OFFICES POSSESSIN" FISCAL
A!TONOM, .ITO!T $IOLATIN" ARTICLE I0 'A+,
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SECTION - OF TE CONSTIT!TION, .IC PRO$I#ES
TAT TE COMMISSION SALL EN/O, FISCAL
A!TONOM, AN# TAT TEIR APPRO$E#
APPROPRIATIONS SALL BE A!TOMATICALL, AN#
RE"!LARL, RELEASE#.
Section B. Prom?;C:tion oD R?;es
Macalintal v. COMELEC, GR 'o. 15701, !ul" 10,
#00
*AC/&: BeDore t8e Co?rt is : petition Dor certior:ri :nd
pro8i9ition Di;ed 9< Rom?;o B. M:c:;int:;, : mem9er oD t8e
P8i;ippine B:r, seeEinC : dec;:r:tion t8:t cert:in provisions
oD RA %1&% 'T8e Overse:s A9sentee $otinC Act+ s?DDer Drom
constit?tion:; inDirmit<.
I&&0E: M:< ConCress :ss?me po>er to revie> r?;es
prom?;C:ted 9< t8e CommissionF
R0LI'G: NO. B< vestinC itse;D >it8 t8e po>ers to :pprove,
revie>, :mend :nd revise t8e Imp;ementinC R?;es Dor RA
%1&B, ConCress >ent 9e<ond t8e scope oD its constit?tion:;
:?t8orit<. ConCress tr:mp;ed ?pon t8e constit?tion:;
m:nd:te oD independence oD t8e COMELEC.
&a$ili v. COMELEC, GR 1(#+1, A1ril #), #01#
Section @. #ecisions oD t8e Commissions
Review of fnal orders, resolutions and
decisions:
1. Rendered in the exercise of quasi-judicial
functions
2. Rendered in the exercise of adinistrative
functions
*ili1inas En2ineerin2 an% Mac3ine &3o1 v. *errer,
15 &CRA #5
*AC/&: COMELEC :>:rded t8e contr:ct to Acme Dor t8e
m:n?D:ct?re :nd s?pp;< oD votinC 9oot8s. o>ever, t8e
;osinC 9idder, petitioner in t8e inst:nt c:se, Fi;ipin:s
EnCineerinC Di;ed :n InG?nction s?it :C:inst COMELEC :nd
Acme. T8e ;o>er co?rt denied t8e >rit pr:<ed Dor.
T8ere:Dter, ACME Di;ed : motion to #ismiss on t8e Cro?nds
t8:t t8e ;o>er co?rt 8:s no G?risdiction over t8e c:se >8ic8
t8e co?rt Cr:nted. Fi;ipin:sH motion Dor reconsider:tion >:s
denied Dor ;:cE oD merit. ence, t8is :ppe:; Dor certior:ri.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e ;o>er co?rt 8:s G?risdiction to
t:Ee coCniI:nce oD : s?it invo;vinC :n order oD t8e
COMELEC de:;inC >it8 :n :>:rd oD contr:ct :risinC Drom
its invit:tion to 9id
4EL,: ,es, t8e ;o>er co?rt 8:s G?risdiction to t:Ee
coCniI:nce oD t8e s?it invo;vinC t8e :>:rd oD contr:ct oD
COMELEC. T8e COMELEC reso;?tion :>:rdinC t8e
contr:ct in D:vor oD Acme >:s not iss?ed p?rs?:nt to its
J?:si1G?dici:; D?nctions 9?t mere;< :s :n incident oD its
in8erent :dministr:tive D?nctions over t8e cond?ct oD
e;ections, :nd 8ence, t8e s:id reso;?tion m:< not 9e deemed
:s : 6Din:; order6 revie>:9;e 9< certior:ri 9< t8e S?preme
Co?rt. BeinC non1G?dici:; in c8:r:cter, no contempt m:< 9e
imposed 9< t8e COMELEC Drom s:id order, :nd no direct
:nd eKc;?sive :ppe:; 9< certior:ri to t8is Tri9?n:; ;ie Drom
s?c8 order. An< J?estion :risinC Drom s:id order m:< 9e
>e;; t:Een in :n ordin:r< civi; :ction 9eDore t8e tri:; co?rts.
&ali2um$a v. CA, 117 &CRA ++(
FACTS: TIS IS A PETITION FOR RE$IE. OF TE
#ECISION REN#ERE# B, TE COA RE"AR#IN" TE
A#MINISTRATI$E CASE FILE# B, PETITIONER
A"AINST LEONAR#O ESTELLA, A!#ITIN" E0AMINER
III OF TE A!#ITORLS OFFICE OF MISAMIS
OCCI#ENTAL. TE CAR"E .AS TAT TE
RESPON#ENT RAPE# E#ITASALI"!MBA ON
SE$ERAL OCCASIONS. TE COA #ROPPE# TE
A#MINISTRATI$E COMPLAINT #!E TO INS!FFICIENT
E$I#ENCE. SALI"!MBA PETITION TE CO!RT TO
RE$IE. S!C ACTION TA7EN B, TE COA.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE CO!RT MA, TA7E
CO"NI4ANCE OF TE CASE.
EL#: TE CO!RT #ISMISSE# TE PETITION AS IT
EL# TAT TE PO.ER OF TE S!PREME CO!RT TO
RE$IE. COA #ECISIONS REFERS TO MONE,
MATTERS AN# NOT TO A#MINISTRATI$E CASES
IN$OL$IN" TE #ISCIPLINE OF ITS PERSONNEL AN#
E$EN ASS!MIN" TAT IT #OES A$E /!RIS#ICTION
TO RE$IE. #ECISIONS ON A#MINISTRATI$E
MATTERS AS MENTIONE# ABO$E, TE CO!RT
CANNOT #O SO ON FACT!AL ISS!ES SINCE ITS
PO.ER TO RE$IE. IS LIMITE# TO LE"AL ISS!ES
ONL,.
5//C v. COA, 1)+ &CRA 1(0 61(.+7
Cua v. COMELEC, 15+ &CRA 5.# 61(.77
FACTS: TE FIRST #I$ISION OF COMELEC REN#ERE#
A (11#ECISION FA$ORIN" /!NIE C!A B!T
NE$ERTELESS S!SPEN#E# IS PROCLAMATION AS
.INNER IN TE LONE CON"RESSIONAL #ISTRICT OF
3!IRINO #!E TO TE LAC7 OF TE !NANIMO!S
$OTE RE3!IRE# B, TE PROCE#!RAL R!LES IN
COMELEC RESOL!TION NO. 1BB%. RICAR# P!4ON
INSISTS TAT NO #ECISION .AS REACE# B, TE
FIRST #I$ISION BECA!SE TE RE3!IRE#
!NANIMO!S $OTE .AS NOT OBTAINE#. IT .AS ALSO
AR"!E# TAT NO $ALI# #ECISION .AS REACE# B,
TE COMELEC EN BANC BECA!SE ONL, TREE
$OTES .ERE CAST IN FA$OR OF TE PETITIONER
AN# TESE #I# NOT CONSTIT!TE TE MA/ORIT, OF
TE BO#,.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE (11 #ECISION OF TE
FIRST #I$ISION .AS $ALI#.
EL#: NO. AS IT $IOLATES ARTICLE I0 SECTION @,
TE PRO$ISION OF TE CONSTIT!TION IS CLEAR
TAT IT SO!L# BE TE MA/ORIT, $OTE OF ALL IT
MEMBERS AN# NOT ONL, TOSE .O
PARTICIPATE# AN# TOO7 PART IN TE
#ELIBERATIONS. B!T TE CO!RT R!LE# TAT IT IS
Page ! of 29
$ALI#. TE TREE MEMBERS .O $OTE# TO
AFFIRM TE FIRST #I$ISION CONSTIT!TE# A
MA/ORIT, OF TE FI$E MEMBERS .O
#ELIBERATE# AN# $OTE# TEREON EN BANC AN#
TEIR #ECISION IS ALSO $ALI# !N#ER TE
AFORECITE# CONSTIT!TIONAL PRO$ISION. B!T TIS
OB$IO!SL, CONTRA#ICTS IT.
Estrella v. COMELEC, GR 'o. 1+0)+5, Ma" #7, #00)
FACTS: ROMEO M. ESTRELLA, SO!"T TE
N!LLIFICATION OF TE NO$EMBER -, ())* STAT!S
3!O ANTE OR#ER ISS!E# B, TE COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS 'COMELEC+ EN BANC IN EAC NO. A11)1
())(, 6ROMEO M. ESTRELLA $. ROLAN#O F.
SAL$A#OR,6 #IRECTIN" TE 6PARTIES TO MAINTAIN
TE STAT!S 3!O ANTE OR#ER, .IC IS TE
CON#ITION PRE$AILIN" BEFORE TE ISS!ANCE6 B,
TE RE"IONAL TRIAL CO!RT OF MALOLOS OF A .RIT
OF E0EC!TION FOR TE ENFORCEMENT OF SAI#
CO!RTLS #ECISION #ECLARIN" PETITIONER AS TE
#!L, ELECTE# MA,OR OF BALI.A", B!LACAN. IN
TE ISS!ANCE OF TE 3!ESTIONE# COMELEC EN
BANC STAT!S 3!O ANTE OR#ER, FI$E '-+ OF TE
TEN INC!MBENT SE$EN '@+ MEMBERS OF TE
COMELEC PARTICIPATE#. SINCE COMMISSIONER
LANTION CO!L# NOT PARTICIPATE AN# $OTE IN TE
ISS!ANCE OF TE 3!ESTIONE# OR#ER, T!S
LEA$IN" TREE '*+ MEMBERS CONC!RRIN"
TERE.IT, TE NECESSAR, $OTES OF FO!R '=+ OR
MA/ORIT, OF TE MEMBERS OF TE COMELEC .AS
NOT ATTAINE#. TE OR#ER T!S FAILE# TO
COMPL, .IT TE N!MBER OF $OTES NECESSAR,
FOR TE PRONO!NCEMENT OF A #ECISION OR
OR#ER, AS RE3!IRE# !N#ER R!LE *, SECTION -'A+
OF TE COMELEC R!LES OF PROCE#!RE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE FAIL!RE TO COMPL,
.IT TE N!MBER OF $OTES .ILL "RANT TE
PETITION.
EL#: NO. E$EN TO!" TE, .ILL ATTAIN TE
N!MBER OF $OTES NECESSAR,, IT .ILL BE IN$ALI#.
BECA!SE NOT ALL OF TE MEMBERS PARTICIPATE#,
IT CANLT BE CONSI#ERE# AS MA/ORIT, OF ALL ITS
MEMBERS. IT $IOLATES ARTICLE I0 SECTION @, IT
SO!L# BE TE MA/ORIT, $OTE OF ALL ITS
MEMBERS AN# NOT ONL, TOSE .O
PARTICIPATE# AN# TOO7 PART IN TE
#ELIBERATIONS.
Mison v. COA, 1.7 &CRA ))5 61((07
FACTS: TIS IS A CASE RE"AR#IN" TE $ALI#IT, OF
A #ECISION MA#E B, TE COMMISSION ON A!#IT
CAIRMAN TAT RE$ERSES A PRE$IO!S #ECISION
MA#E B, TE MANA"ER OF TE TECNICAL SER$ICE
!N#ER TE A!TORIT, OF AN ACTIN" CAIRMAN.
PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS CAN CI! AN# CE!N" I
ARE CLAIMIN" FOR TE PA,MENT FROM B!REA! OF
C!STOMS ON TE $AL!E OF TEIR SIP .IC .AS
PRE$IO!SL, ILLE"ALL, SEI4E# B, C!STOMS AN#
CANNOT BE RET!RNE# BECA!SE OF ITS SIN7IN"
.ILE ON TE AN#S OF TE B!REA! OF C!STOMS.
PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTSL CLAIM .AS PRE$IO!SL,
#ENIE# B, COMMISSION ON A!#IT TRO!" TE
MANA"ER B, A!TORIT, OF TE ACTIN"
CAIRMAN. TIS #ECISION .AS LATER RE$ERSE#
B, TE CAIRMAN IN CONC!RRENCE .IT TREE
OF TE MEMBERS.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE #ECISION REN#ERE#
B, TE MANA"ER OF TECNICAL SER$ICE B,
A!TORIT, OF TE ACTIN" CAIRMAN AN# TE
S!BSE3!ENT #ECISION OF TE COMMISSIONER
RE$ERSIN" TE AFOREMENTIONE# #ECISION ARE
$ALI#.
EL#: TE #ECISION REN#ERE# B, TE MANA"ER
OF TECNICAL SER$ICE IS $OI# AB INITIO B!T TE
#ECISION REN#ERE# B, TE COMMISSIONER IS
$ALI#. IN ACCOR#ANCE .IT ARTICLE I01A SECTION
@, A MA/ORIT, OF TE MEMBERS OF TE
COMMISSION IS NECESSAR, TO $ALI#L, ENFORCE
OR REN#ER /!#"MENTS. A SIN"LE MEMBER
CANNOT PROM!L"ATE #ECISIONS IN BEALF OF
TE COMMISSION.
5are%es v. COMELEC, 1#7 &CRA +5 61(.)7
Am$il v. COMELEC, )) &CRA 5. 8#0009
FACTS: TIS IS A CASE RE"AR#IN" TE
CONSTIT!TIONALIT, OF A RESOL!TION SI"NE# B,
COMMISSIONERS OF TE FIRST #I$ISION OF
COMELEC !PON #ECI#IN" ON AN ELECTORAL CASE.
PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT IS TE .INNER OF TE
ELECTIONS FOR "O$ERNOR OF EASTERN SAMAR OF
1%%&. IS PROCLAMATION .AS 3!ESTIONE# B,
PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT AN# TE CASE .AS EAR#
B, TE FIRST #I$ISION OF COMELEC. AFTER TE
RETIREMENT OF ONE OF TE COMMISSIONERS .O
ASSENTE# '(11+, A RESOL!TION .AS FOR.AR#E# TO
TE PARTIES STATIN" TE FIRST #I$ISION #ECISION
FA$ORIN" TE PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT AN# TE
SAME .AS LATER PROM!L"ATE#. PETITIONER
PRA,S TAT TE SAI# RESOL!TION BE ANN!LLE#
AN# TE CASE BE REMAN#E# TO TE FIRST
#I$ISION FOR A NE. TRIAL.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE COMELEC FIRST
#I$ISION RESOL!TION IS $ALI#.
EL#: NO. ONE .O IS NOT A MEMBER OF TE
COMMISSION AT TE TIME OF TE PROM!L"ATION
OF TE FINAL #ECISION CANNOT $ALI#L, TA7E
PART IN TE #ECI#IN" TE CASE. IN TIS CASE, ONE
OF TE COMMISSIONERS CONCERNE# IS RETIRE# B,
TE TIME TE #ECISION .AS PROM!L"ATE#M
ENCE, IS ASSENTIN" $OTE FOR TE #ECISION IS
IN$ALI# AN# AS NO EFFECT.
Mateo v. CA, GR 'o. 11#1(, Au2ust 1), 1((5
*AC/&: Bo:rd Mem9ers oD MO.A#, cond?cted :n
investiC:tion on St:. M:ri:, t8en "ener:; M:n:Cer. .8en
p;:ced ?nder preventive s?spension, S:n #ieCo >:s
desiCn:ted :s :ctinC "ener:; M:n:Cer. e >:s ;:ter
dismissed Drom service.
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Priv:te respondent t8en Di;ed : Speci:; Civi; Action 9eDore
t8e ReCion:; Tri:; Co?rt oD RiI:;, Br:nc8 @&, c8:;;enCinC 8is
dismiss:; 9< petitioners. Petitioners moved to dismiss t8e
c:se on t>o Cro?nds: '1+ T8e co?rt 8:d no G?risdiction over
t8e c:seM :nd '(+ 3?o .:rr:nto >:s not t8e proper remed<.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e reCion:; tri:; co?rt 8:s
G?risdiction over t8e speci:; civi; c:se invo;vinC dismiss:; oD
:n emp;o<ee oD J?:si1p?9;ic corpor:tion.
R0LI'G: T8e S?preme Co?rt 8e;d t8:t it 8:s no
G?risdiction. MO.A# is : J?:si1p?9;ic corpor:tion cre:ted
p?rs?:nt to P# 19$, :s :mended, :nd :s s?c8 its oDDicers
:nd emp;o<ees :re covered 9< t8e Civi; Service L:>. Indeed
t8e est:9;is8ed r?;e is t8:t t8e 8irinC :nd DirinC oD
emp;o<ees oD Covernment1o>ned :nd contro;;ed
corpor:tions :re Coverned 9< t8e provisions oD t8e Civi;
Service L:>s :nd R?;es :nd ReC?;:tions. Petition is 8ere9<
Cr:nted.
Re"es v. Re2ional /rial Court, GR 'o. 10...+, Ma"
5, 1((5
FACTS: TIS IS A CASE FOR CERTIORARI RE"AR#IN"
A #ECISION OF COMELEC FIRST #I$ISION. TE RTC
OF OCCI#ENTAL MIN#ORO ANN!LLE# TE
PROCLAMATION OF PETITIONER AS CO!NCILOR. TE
FIRST #I$ISION OF COMELEC #ENIE# TE
PETITIONERLS APPEAL ON TE "RO!N# OF IS
FAIL!RE TO PA, TE APPEAL FEES .ITIN TE
PRESCRIBE# PERIO#.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT A CASE EAR# AN#
#ECI#E# B, A COMELEC #I$ISION MA, BE BRO!"T
TO TE S!PREME CO!RT FOR CERTIORARI.
EL#: NO. IN ACCOR#ANCE .IT TE
CONSTIT!TION, ONL, CASES #ECI#E# B, COMELEC
EN BANC MA, BE BRO!"T TO TE S!PREME CO!RT
FOR CERTIORARI. PETITIONER M!ST FIRST FILE A
MOTION FOR RECONSI#ERATION TO TE COMELEC
EN BANC AN# TE EN BANC M!ST FIRST EAR AN#
#ECI#E TE CASE BEFORE TE SAME MA, BE
FOR.AR#E# TO TE S!PREME CO!RT B,
CERTIORARI.
A-&:C-' v. COMELEC, # &CRA +11
FACTS: TE PETITIONER AS PREPARE# A PRO/ECT,
.IT P!BLIC RELATION "RO!PS, TO CON#!CT
RA#IO1T$ CO$ERA"E OF TE ELECTIONS AN# TO
MA7E AN E0IT S!R$E, OF TE $OTE #!RIN" TE
ELECTIONS FOR NATIONAL OFFICIALS PARTIC!LARL,
FOR PRESI#ENT AN# $ICE PRESI#ENT, RES!LTS OF
.IC SALL BE BROA#CAST IMME#IATEL,. !PON
LEARNIN" OF TE PRO/ECT, TE COMELEC EN BANC
ISS!E# RESOL!TION NO. %&11=1% #ATE# APRIL (1,
1%%&. IN TE SAI# RESOL!TION, TE POLL BO#,
RESOL$E# TO APPRO$E TE ISS!ANCE OF A
RESTRAININ" OR#ER TO STOP ABS1CBN OR AN,
OTER "RO!PS, ITS A"ENTS OR REPRESENTATI$ES
FROM CON#!CTIN" S!C E0IT S!R$E, AN# TO
A!TORI4E TE ONORABLE CAIRMAN TO ISS!E
TE SAME. B!T PETITIONER CONTEN#S TAT TE
OL#IN" OF E0IT POLLS AN# TE #ISSEMINATION
OF TEIR RES!LTS TRO!" MASS ME#IA
CONSTIT!TE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF TE FREE#OMS
OF SPEEC AN# OF TE PRESS. ENCE, TE
COMELEC CANNOT BAN TEM TOTALL, IN TE
"!ISE OF PROMOTIN" CLEAN, ONEST, OR#ERL,
AN# CRE#IBLE ELECTIONS. T!S, PETITIONER AS
FILE# FOR CERTIORARI 3!ESTIONIN" TE
RESOL!TION ISS!E# B, TE COMELEC.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE RESPON#ENT ACTE#
.IT "RA$E AB!SE OF #ISCRETION AMO!NTIN" TO
LAC7 OR E0CESS OF /!RIS#ICTION .EN IT
APPRO$E# TE ISS!ANCE OF A RESTRAININ" OR#ER
EN/OININ" TE PETITIONER OR AN, OTER "RO!P,
ITS A"ENTS OR REPRESENTATI$ES FROM
CON#!CTIN" E0IT POLLS #!RIN" TE ELECTIONS.
EL#: TE CO!RT R!LE# E0IT POLLS PROPERL,
CON#!CTE# AN# P!BLICI4E# CAN BE $ITAL TOOLS
IN ELIMINATIN" TE E$ILS OF ELECTION1FI0IN"
AN# FRA!#. NARRO.L, TAILORE#
CO!NTERMEAS!RES MA, BE PRESCRIBE# B, TE
COMELEC SO AS TO MINIMI4E OR S!PPRESS TE
INCI#ENTAL PROBLEMS IN TE CON#!CT OF E0IT
POLLS, .ITO!T TRANS"RESSIN" IN AN, MANNER
TE F!N#AMENTAL RI"TS OF O!R PEOPLE. TE
CONTENTION OF RESPON#ENT TAT E0IT POLLS
IN#IRECTL, TRANS"RESS TE SANCTIT, AN# TE
SECREC, OF TE BALLOT IS OFF1TAN"ENT TO TE
REAL ISS!E. A#MITTE#L,, NO LA. PROIBITS TE
OL#IN" AN# REPORTIN" OF E0IT POLLS. TE
FREE#OMS OF SPEEC AN# OF TE PRESS SO!L#
ALL TE MORE BE !PEL# .EN .AT IS SO!"T
TO BE C!RTAILE# IS TE #ISSEMINATION OF
INFORMATION MEANT TO A## MEANIN" TO TE
E3!ALL, $ITAL RI"T OF S!FFRA"E. .E CANNOT
S!PPORT AN, R!LIN" OR OR#ER TE EFFECT OF
.IC .O!L# BE TO N!LLIF, SO $ITAL A
CONSTIT!TIONAL RI"T AS FREE SPEEC.
&alva v. Ma;alintal, GR 1#+0, &e1tem$er 1.,
#000
*AC/&: Petitioners Di;ed : c;:ss s?it :C:inst t8e
S:nCC?ni:nC P:nC;:;:>iC:n oD B:t:nC:s, S:nCC?ni:nC
P:m9:<:n oD C:;:c:, B:t:nC:s, :nd COMELEC.
COMELEC prom?;C:ted Reso;?tion No. (%&@, providinC Dor
t8e r?;es :nd reC?;:tions CoverninC t8e cond?ct oD t8e
reJ?ired p;e9iscite to decide t8e iss?e oD t8e :9o;ition oD :
9:r:nC:< :nd its merCer >it8 :not8er 9:r:nC:<. Petitioners
:ssert t8:t >8en t8e COMELEC eKercises its J?:si1G?dici:;
D?nction, it is s?9Gect to t8is Co?rt, 9?t >8en it perDorms its
ministeri:; d?t<, it is s?9Gect to t8e RTC. T8e cond?ct oD :
p;e9iscite is ministeri:; in n:t?re.
I&&0E: .8et8er t8e respondent co?rt 8:s G?risdiction to
enGoin t8e COMELEC Drom imp;ementinC its reso;?tionF
R0LI'G: It is :;re:d< sett;ed in t8is G?risdiction t8:t >8:t
is contemp;:ted 9< t8e terms :n< decision, order or r?;inC oD
t8e COMELEC revie>:9;e 9< certior:ri :s provided ?nder
Section @, Artic;e I01A :re t8ose t8:t re;:te to t8e
COMELEC5s eKercise oD its :dG?dic:tor< or
J?:si1G?dici:; po>ers invo;vinC e;ective reCion:;, provinci:;
Page % of 29
:nd cit< oDDici:;s. A;so, t8e iss?:nce oD COMELEC
Reso;?tion No. (%&@ is : ministeri:; d?t< oD t8e COMELEC
in t8e eKercise oD its :dministr:tive D?nctions, 8ence, it is
s?9mitted t8:t t8e :Dorecited constit?tion:; provision is
in:pp;ic:9;e.
Garces v. CA, GR. 'o. 11) 7(5, !ul" 17, 1((+
,uma"as v. COMELEC, GR 'os. 1)1(5#:5, A1ril
#(, #001
*AC/&: #?m:<:s so?C8t t8e eKc;?sion oD e;ection ret?rns
Dor * precincts d?rinC t8e c:stinC :nd co?ntinC oD votes 9<
m?nicip:; co?rt oD c:nv:ssers 'MBC+. MBC denied t8e
petition :nd proceeded >it8 t8e c:nv:s >8ic8 s8o>ed
9ern:;, respondent, C:rnerinC more votes t8:n d?m:<:s.
Petitioner :ppe:;ed to Come;ec (nd division, >8ic8
eKc;?ded s:id e;ection ret?rns :nd directed MBC to Dinis8
t8e c:nv:s :nd proc;:im t8e >inninC m:<or:;t< c:ndid:te.
Respondent 9ern:; moved Dor reconsider:tion >it8 come;ec
en 9:nc. MBC proc;:imed petitioner d?m:<:s >inner oD
e;ection. Bern:; t8en Di;ed :n ?rCent motion to dec;:re void
petitionerLs proc;:m:tion. Bern:; Di;ed :n :ction Dor J?o
>:rr:nto :C:inst d?m:<:s 9eDore t8e RTC. #?m:<:s Di;ed
>it8 Come;ec en 9:nc : motion to c:nce; 9ern:;Ls motion Dor
reconsider:tion :nd motion to dec;:re void petitionerLs
proc;:m:tion. Come;ec en 9:nc reversed decision oD (nd
division, :nn?;;ed d?m:<:sLproc;:m:tion :nd constit?ted
ne> MBC N >8ic8 proc;:imed 9ern:; >inner. Petitioner
:sEed sc to set :side t8e Come;ec en 9:nc reso;?tion.
Petitioner c;:ims t8:t reso;?tion oD t8e Come;ec is void
9ec:?se commissioner5s Corospe :nd C?i:ni 8:ve :;re:d<
retired on t8e d:te oD its prom?;C:tion :nd s?9mits it :s :
deDect :nd t8ereDore inv:;id:ted t8e entire decision :nd
commission :nd t8:t :ccordinC;< : ne> vote s8o?;d 9e
t:Een.
I&&0E: .8et8er s:id reso;?tion 9< t8e Come;ec, in vie> oD
commissioners Corospe :nd C?i:niLs retirement 9eDore d:te
oD prom?;C:tion oD :ss:i;ed reso;?tion, 9e deemed n?;; :nd
void Dor 9einC vio;:tive oD :rt %1:, sec @.
4EL,: No. T8e votes oD Corospe :nd C?i:ni s8o?;d mere;<
9e considered >it8dr:>n Dor t8e re:son t8:t t8eir
retirement preceded t8e reso;?tionLs prom?;C:tion :nd t8e
eDDect >o?;d 9e :s iD t8e< did not siCn t8e reso;?tion :t :;;
:nd t8e on;< votes t8:t >o?;d 9e considered in t8e decidinC
t8e controvers< >o?;d 9e t8:t oD t8e rem:ininC
commissioners. o>ever, ?n;ess t8e >it8dr:>:; oD t8e votes
>o?;d m:teri:;;< :DDect t8e res?;t insoD:r :s votes Dor or
:C:inst : p:rt< is concerned, >e Dind no re:son Dor dec;:rinC
t8e decision : n?;;it<. .it8 t8e c:nce;;:tion oD t8e retired
commissionerLs votes, t8e rem:ininC votes :t t8e time oD t8e
reso;?tionLs prom?;C:tion >o?;d sti;; 9e * to 1 in D:vor oD
respondent >8ic8 sti;; constit?ted : J?or?m. T8e deDect
cited 9< petitioner does not :DDect t8e v:;idit< oD respondent
commissionLs disposition oD controvers<.
A2uilar v. COMELEC, GR 'o. 1.51)0, !une 0,
#00(
FACTS: A"!ILAR .ON AS BARAN"A, CAIRMAN OF
BARAN"A, BANSAR$IL 1, 7APATA"AN, LANAO #EL
NORTE O$ER PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT INSO, B, A ONE1
$OTE MAR"IN AN# .AS #!L, PROCLAIME#. INSO,
PROTESTE# BEFORE TE MTC OF 7APATA"AN,
.IC, AFTER RE$ISION, #ECI#E# IN IS FA$OR.
ON APRIL (1, ())&, A"!ILAR FILE# IS NOTICE OF
APPEAL AN# PAI# TE MTC TE APPEAL FEE OF
P1,))).)). .EN TE COMELEC RECEI$E# TE
RECOR#S OF TE CASE, TE FIRST #I$ISION
OR#ERE# TE #ISMISSAL OF TE APPEAL FOR
FAIL!RE TO PA, TE PROPER APPEAL FEE. A"!ILAR
MO$E# FOR RECONSI#ERATION, B!T TE COMELEC
FIRST #I$ISION #ENIE# IS MOTION FOR FAIL!RE
TO PA, TE COMPLETE MOTION FEE OF P@)).)).
A"!ILAR FILE# ANOTER MOTION FOR
RECONSI#ERATION, AR"!IN" TAT TE COMELEC
EN BANC SO!L# A$E R!LE# !PON IS MOTION
FOR RECONSI#ERATION. TE SAME COMELEC
#I$ISION, O.E$ER, ISS!E# AN OR#ER #EN,IN"
TE MOTION, BEIN" A SECON# MOTION FOR
RECONSI#ERATION .IC IS A PROIBITE#
PLEA#IN". T!S, PETITIONER FILE# FOR
CERTIORARI 3!ESTIONIN" TE #ISMISSAL OF IS
APPEAL.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT RESPON#ENT "RA$EL,
AB!SE# ITS #ISCRETION IN ISS!IN" TE OR#ER
#ISMISSIN" PETITIONERLS APPEAL.
EL#: TE CO!RT FIN#S TAT TE COMELEC FIRST
#I$ISION "RA$EL, AB!SE# ITS #ISCRETION IN
ISS!IN" TE OR#ER #ISMISSIN" PETITIONERLS
APPEAL. FAIRNESS AN# PR!#ENCE #ICTATE TAT
TE COMELEC FIRST #I$ISION SO!L# A$E FIRST
#IRECTE# PETITIONER TO PA, TE A##ITIONAL
APPEAL FEE IN ACCOR#ANCE .IT TE
CLARIFICATOR, RESOL!TION, AN# IF TE LATTER
SO!L# REF!SE TO COMPL,, TEN, AN# ONL,
TEN, #ISMISS TE APPEAL. INSTEA#, TE COMELEC
FIRST #I$ISION ASTIL, #ISMISSE# TE APPEAL ON
TE STREN"T OF TE RECENTL, PROM!L"ATE#
CLARIFICATOR, RESOL!TION .IC A# TA7EN
EFFECT ONL, A FE. #A,S EARLIER. TIS !NSEEML,
ASTE IS AN IN$ITATION TO O!TRA"E. TE
COMELEC FIRST #I$ISION SO!L# A$E BEEN MORE
CA!TIO!S IN #ISMISSIN" PETITIONERLS APPEAL ON
TE MERE TECNICALIT, OF NON1PA,MENT OF TE
A##ITIONAL P*,()).)) APPEAL FEE "I$EN TE
P!BLIC INTEREST IN$OL$E# IN ELECTION CASES.
TIS IS ESPECIALL, TR!E IN TIS CASE .ERE ONL,
ONE $OTE SEPARATES TE CONTEN#IN" PARTIES.
TE CO!RT STRESSES ONCE MORE TAT ELECTION
LA. AN# R!LES ARE TO BE INTERPRETE# AN#
APPLIE# IN A LIBERAL MANNER SO AS TO "I$E
EFFECT, NOT TO FR!STRATE, TE .ILL OF TE
ELECTORATE
Ca"etano v. COMELEC, GR 1(.)+, A1ril 1#, #011
,ela Llana v. /3e C3air1erson, COA, GR 1.0(.(,
*e$ruar" 7, #01#
Ca2as v. COMELEC, ++ &CRA +)) 6#01#7
Section &. Ot8er F?nctions
-. Civil &ervice Commission
Page & of 29
Section 1. CompositionM 3?:;iDic:tionsM Term
Gamin%e v. COA <)7 &CRA +55 6#0007
FACTS: "AMIN#E, A# INTERIM, COMMISSIONER OF
TE CI$IL SER$ICE COMMISSION .AS APPOINTE# B,
TE PRESI#ENT AN# ASS!ME# OFFICE AFTER
TA7IN" AN OAT AN# .AS LATER ON CONFIRME#
B, TE COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENT. "AMIN#E
SO!"T FOR CLARIFICATION FROM TE PRESI#ENT
AS TO TE E0PIR, OF ER TERM OF OFFICE AN#
TEN .AS OPINE# TAT TERM OF OFFICE .ILL
E0PIRE ON FEB. (, ())) AN# NOT FEB. (, 1%%%. FEB. =,
1%%%, CAIRMAN CORA4ON ALMA #E LEON, OF TE
COMMISSION ON A!#IT RE3!ESTIN" OPINION ON
.ETER OR NOT COMMISSIONER "AMIN#E AN#
ER CO1TERMINO!S STAFF MA, BE PAI# TEIR
SALARIES NOT.ITSTAN#IN" TE E0PIRATION OF
TEIR APPOINTMENTS ON FEB. (, 1%%%. FEB. 1&, 1%%%,
"ENERAL CO!NSEL, COMMISSION ON A!#IT, ISS!E#
OPINION TAT 2TERM OF "AMIN#E AS E0PIRE#
ON FEB. (, 1%%% AS STATE# IN ER APPOINTMENT
CONFORMABL, .IT TE CONSTIT!TIONAL
INTENT. CONSE3!ENTL,, CSC RESI#ENT A!#ITOR
FELIPE ISS!E# NOTICE OF #ISALLO.ANCE,
#ISALLO.IN" IN A!#IT TE SALARIES AN#
EMOL!MENTS PERTAININ" TO PETITIONER AN# ER
CO1 TERMINO!S STAFF, EFFECTI$E FEB. (, 1%%%.
PETITIONER APPEALE# TE #ISALLO.ANCE TO TE
COA EN BANC. COA ISS!E# #ECISION #ISMISSIN"
PETITIONERLS APPEAL. IN TIME, PETITIONER MO$E#
FOR RECONSI#ERATIONM O.E$ER, COA #ENIE#
TE MOTION.
ISS!E: .ETER TE TERM OF OFFICE OF ATT,.
TELMA "AMIN#E, AS COMMISSIONER 'CSC+, TO
.IC SE .AS APPOINTE# ON /!NE 11, 1%%*,
E0PIRE# ON FEB. (, 1%%%, AS STATE# IN TE
APPOINTMENT PAPER, OR FEB. (, ())), AS CLAIME#
B, ER.
EL#: TERM OF OFFICE E0PIRE# ON FEB. (,
1%%%O.E$ERM SE SER$E# AS #E FACTO OFFICER
IN "OO# FAIT !NTIL FEB. (, ())) AN# T!S
ENTITLE# TO RECEI$E ER SALAR, AN# OTER
EMOL!MENTS FOR ACT!AL SER$ICES REN#ERE#.
CONSE3!ENTL,, COA ERRE# IN #ISALLO.IN" IN
A!#IT S!C SALAR, AN# OTER EMOL!MENTS,
INCL!#IN" TAT OF ER CO1TERMINO!S STAFF.
TE TERMS OF TE FIRST CAIRMEN AN#
COMMISSIONERS OF TE CONSTIT!TIONAL
COMMISSIONS !N#ER TE 1%&@ CONSTIT!TION
M!ST START ON A COMMON #ATE, IRRESPECTI$E OF
$ARIATIONS IN #ATES OF APPOINTMENTS AN#
3!ALIFICATIONS OF APPOINTEES, IN OR#ER TAT
TE E0PIRATION OF TE FIRST TERMS OF @, -, AN# *
,EARS SO!L# LEA# TO TE RE"!LAR
REC!RRENCE OF TE ( ,EAR INTER$AL BET.EEN
TE E0PIRATION OF TE TERMS. IT IS R!LE# TAT
TE APPROPRIATE STARTIN" POINT OF TE TERMS
OF OFFICE OF TE FIRST APPOINTEES TO TE
CONSTIT!TIONAL COMMISSIONS !N#ER TE 1%&@
CONSTIT!TION M!ST BE ON FEB. (, 1%&@, TE #ATE
OF TE A#OPTION OF TE 1%&@ CONSTIT!TION.
Mat3a" !r. v. CA, GR 'o. 1#)7), ,ecem$er 15,
1(((
FACTS: BRI"I#O R. SIMON APPOINTE# PRI$ATE
RESPON#ENTS TO POSITIONS IN TE CI$IL SER$ICE
!NIT 'CS!+ OF TE LOCAL "O$ERNMENT OF 3!E4ON
CIT,. CS!S .ERE CREATE# P!RS!ANT TO
PRESI#ENTIAL #ECREE NO. -1 .IC .AS
ALLE"E#L, SI"NE# INTO LA. ON NO$. 1- OR 1B, 1%@(.
TE CI$IL SER$ICE COMMISSION ISS!E#
MEMORAN#!M CIRC!LAR NO. *), #IRECTIN" ALL
CI$IL SER$ICE RE"IONAL OR FIEL# OFFICES TO
RECALL, RE$O7E AN# #ISAPPRO$E .ITIN 1 ,EAR
FROM ISS!ANCE OF SAI# MEMORAN#!M, ALL
APPOINTMENTS IN CS! CREATE# P!RS!ANT TO
PRESI#ENTIAL #ECREE NO. -1 ON TE "RO!N# TAT
TE SAME NE$ER BECAME A LA. AS IT .AS NE$ER
P!BLISE# IN TE OFFICIAL "A4ETTE. AFFECTE# B,
TE RE$OCATION .ERE PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS.
MA, 1%%(, PETITIONER ISMAEL MATA, /R. .AS
ELECTE# MA,OR OF 3!E4ON CIT,. ON /!L, 1%%(,
MATA, RENE.E# TE CONTRACT!AL
APPOINTMENTS OF ALL PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS
EFFECTI$E /!L, 1 TO *1, 1%%(. !PON E0PIR,, TESE
APPOINTMENTS .ERE NO LON"ER RENE.E#. TE
NON1 RENE.AL B, MA,OR MATA, OF PRI$ATE
RESPON#ENTSL APPOINTMENTS BECAME TE SEE#
OF #ISCONTENTMENT FROM .IC TESE
PETITIONS "RE.. AFTER TE NON1RENE.AL OF
TEIR APPOINTMENTS, PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS IN
TESE T.O PETITIONS APPEALE# TO TE CI$IL
SER$ICE COMMISSION. TE CSC ISS!E# SEPARATE
RESOL!TIONS OL#IN" TAT TE REAPPOINTMENT
OF PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS TO TE #EPARTMENT OF
P!BLIC OR#ER AN# SAFET, '#POS+ .AS A!TOMATIC,
P!RS!ANT TO TE PRO$ISION ON ABSORPTION IN
3!E4ON CIT, OR#INANCE NO. NC11=) AN#
OR#ERIN" TEIR REINSTATEMENT TO TEIR
FORMER POSITIONS IN TE #POS.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE CA ERRE# .EN IT
R!LE# TAT RESPON#ENT CI$IL SER$ICE
COMMISSION AS TE A!TORIT, TO #IRECT
MATA, TO 6REINSTATE6 PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS IN
TE #POS.
EL#: .E FIN# TAT TE CI$IL SER$ICE
COMMISSION ERRE# .EN IT APPLIE# TE
#IRECTI$ES OF OR#INANCE NC11=). SECTION * OF
TE SAI# OR#INANCE IS IN$ALI# FOR BEIN"
INCONSISTENT .IT B.P. **@. SECTION * OF TE
3!ESTIONE# OR#INANCE #IRECTS TE ABSORPTION
OF TE PERSONNEL OF TE #EF!NCT CS! INTO TE
NE. #POS. TE OR#INANCE REFERS TO PERSONNEL
AN# NOT TO POSITIONS. ENCE, TE CIT, CO!NCIL
OR SAN""!NIAN, TRO!" TE OR#INANCE, IS IN
EFFECT #ICTATIN" .O SALL OCC!P, TE NE.L,
CREATE# #POS POSITIONS. O.E$ER, A RE$IE. OF
TE PRO$ISIONS OF B.P. **@ SO.S TAT TE
PO.ER TO APPOINT RESTS E0CL!SI$EL, .IT TE
LOCAL CIEF E0EC!TI$E AN# T!S CANNOT BE
!S!RPE# B, TE CIT, CO!NCIL OR SAN""!NIAN
TRO!" TE SIMPLE E0PE#IENT OF ENACTIN"
OR#INANCES TAT PRO$I#E FOR TE 6ABSORPTION6
OF SPECIFIC PERSONS TO CERTAIN POSITIONS.
Page ' of 29
Section (.Scope oD t8e s<stem
Cuevas v. -acal, GR 1(.#, ,ecem$er + #000
!nder Civi; Service L:>
PARA"RAP 1
M=&& v. 4ernan%e> < 1) &CRA +0# 81(.+9
FACTS: TE M.SS .AS BEIN" TRIE# B, TE NLRC
FOR NOT PA,IN" BENEFITS OF ITS EMPLO,EES. TE
PETITIONERS CONTEN# TAT TE, ARE NOT IN TE
/!RIS#ICTION OF TE NLRC BECA!SE TE, ARE A
"O$ERNMENT1O.NE# AN# CONTROLLE#
CORPORATION. O.E$ER, TE RESPON#ENT
ARBITER #ECI#E# A"AINST TE PETITIONER ON
"RO!N#S TAT TE EMPLO,EES .ERE NOT
RE"!LAR EMPLO,EES B!T IRE# EMPLO,EES FOR A
CERTAIN PERIO# OF TIME. TE LIMITATION FOR
NLRCS /!RIS#ICTION IS FOR TOSE RE"!LAR
EMPLO,EES TAT ARE S!B/ECT TO TE CI$IL
SER$ICE R!LES AN# RE"!LATION.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE NLRC AS
/!RIS#ICTION O$ER CONTRACT!AL EMPLO,EES OF A
"O$ERNMENT1O.NE# AN# CONTROLLE#
CORPORATION.
EL#: NO. TE CONTENTION OF TE ARBITER AS TO
TE E0TENT OF NLRC O$ER TE CONTRACT!AL
EMPLO,EES IS ABS!R#. TE NLRC AN# OTER
"OCCS EMPLO,EES, INCL!#IN" CONTRACT!AL, ARE
S!B/ECT TO TE CI$IL SER$ICE R!LES AN#
RE"!LATIONS AN# NOT OTER A#MINISTRATI$E
BO#IES.
'&C v. 'LRC < 1+. &CRA 1##
05 v. Re2ino < ##1 &CRA 5(. 81((9
Mateo v. CA < #)7 &CRA #.) 81((59
,O4 v. 'LRC < #51 &CRA 700 81((59
!uco v. 'LRC < #77 &CRA 5#. 81((79
*AC/&: /?co >:s 8ired :s proGect enCineer oD NC Drom
Nov1B, 1%@) to M:< 1=, 1%@-. On M:< 1=, 8e >:s sep:r:ted
Drom t8e service Dor 8:vinC 9een imp;ic:ted in : crime oD
t8eDt :ndOor m:;vers:tion oD p?9;ic D?nds. On M:rc8(-,
1%@@, /?co Di;ed : comp;:int Dor i;;eC:; dismiss:; :C:inst
NC >it8 t8e #ep:rtment oD L:9or. L:9or Ar9iter rendered
: decision dismissinC comp;:int on t8e Cro?nd t8:t NLRC
8:d no G?risdiction over t8e c:se. /?co t8en e;ev:ted t8e
c:se to NLRC >8ic8 rendered : decision reversinC decision
oD L:9or Ar9iter.NC :ppe:;ed 9eDore t8is SC. On /:nB,
1%&%, /?co Di;ed >it8 CSC : comp;:int Dor i;;eC:; dismiss:;,
>it8 pre;im m:nd:tor< inG?nction. NC moved Dor
dismiss:; oD comp;:int on t8e Cro?nd t8:t CSC
8:s no G?risdiction over c:se. So, 8:vinC no G?risdiction, CSC
dismissed t8e c:se. S?9seJ?ent;< /?co :;so Di;ed >it8 NLRC
comp;:int Dor i;;eC:; dismiss:; >it8 pre;im m:nd:tor<
inG?nction. L:9or Ar9iter C:d:< rendered :
decision dec;:rinC t8:t /?co5s dismiss:; >:s i;;eC:;.
NC :ppe:;ed 9eDore NLRC :nd ;:ter on, NLRC reversed
t8e decision oD L:9or Ar9iter C:d:< on t8e Cro?nd oD ;:cE oD
G?risdiction.
I&&0E: .8et8er NLRC or CSC 8:s G?risdiction over /?co5s
c:se
4EL,: NC is : Covernment o>ned :nd contro;;ed
corpor:tion orC:niIed in :ccord:nce >it8 t8e !niDorm
C8:pter oD "overnment Corpor:tion. ConsiderinC t8:t NC
8:d 9een incorpor:ted ?nder Act 1=-%, t8e Dormer
corpor:tion ;:>, it5s : "OCC >8ose emp;o<ees :re s?9Gect to
t8e provisions oD t8e L:9or code.
:vinC 9een incorpor:ted ?nder t8e Corpor:tion L:>, :nd
Coverned 9< t8e L:9or Code, it comes ?nder t8e G?risdiction
oD t8e NLRC.
*eliciano v. Gison < +#( &CRA 10 8#0109
"OCCs !nder t8e Corpor:tion Code
-LI&& v. Cale?o < #7 &CRA #71 81(()9
5osti2o v. 53ili11ine /u$erculosis societ" < )7(
&CRA +#.
LR/A v. @enus < ).5 &CRA 01
PARA"RAP (
C;:ssiDic:tions :nd Appointments
4IGC v. C&C < ##0 &CRA 1). 81((9
Mauna v. C&C < ## &CRA .. 81(()9
Rimonte v. C&C < #)) &CRA )(. 81((59
Gloria v. ,e Gu>man < #)( &CRA 1#+ 81((59
Att". Ellas Omar A &ana v. Career EAecutive &ervice
-oar%, GR 1(#(#+, 15 'ovem$er #011
Competitive
&amson v. CA < 1)5 &CRA +5)81(.+9
Non1Competitive
AstraBuillo v. Man2alu1as < 1(0 &CRA #.0 81((09
*AC/&: Astr:J?i;;o >:s :ppointed 9< t8e President :s
Am9:ss:dor EKtr:ordin:r< :nd P;enipotenti:r< :nd C8ieD oD
Mission II to !AE. ADter 8e 8:d occ?pied t8e post Dor t>o
<e:rs or so, : conDidenti:; memor:nd?m >:s Di;ed :cc?sinC
Astr:J?i;;o, 8is >iDe :nd co?sin1in1;:> oD improper
interDerence >it8 8is Seneres D?nctions. On instr?ctions oD
t8e Bo:rd oD ForeiCn Service Administr:tion 'BFSA+ t8e
m:tter >:s investiC:ted 9< Am9:ss:dor C:stro. Astr:J?i;;o
>:s t8en notiDied oD t8e termin:tion oD 8is services eDDective
immedi:te;<.
I&&0E: #o :ppointees to t8e DoreiCn service >8o do not
9e;onC to t8e C:reer Corps enGo< sec?rit< oD ten?re ;iEe t8e
C:reer CorpF
Page $ of 29
R0LI'G: NO. T8ose >8o :re non1c:reer enter on t8e
9:ses ot8er t8:n t8ose oD t8e ?s?:; test oD merit :nd Ditness
?ti;iIed Dor t8e c:reer service :nd possess ten?re >8ic8 is
;imited to : period speciDied 9< ;:>, or >8ic8 is cotermino?s
>it8 t8:t oD t8e :ppointinC :?t8orit< or s?9Gect to 8is
p;e:s?re, or >8ic8 is ;imited to t8e d?r:tion oD : p:rtic?;:r
proGect Dor >8ic8 p?rposes emp;o<ment >:s m:de. Po;itic:;
:ppointees in t8e DoreiCn service possess Pten?reQ
cotermino?s >it8 t8:t oD :ppointinC :?t8orit< or s?9Gect to
8is p;e:s?re.R
OCCice oC t3e 5resi%ent v. -uenao$ra < 501 &CRA
0#
Po;ic<1#etermininC
Prim:ri;< ConDidenti:;
-orres v. CA < 15 &CRA 1#0 81(.79
*AC/&: Priv:te respondents "erm:n O. L?m:p:c :nd
B:rto;ome E;iIondo >ere :ppointed 9< t8e t8en M:<or oD
Ce9? Cit<, C:r;os /. 3?ison, :s Senior Sec?rit< :nd Sec?rit<
"?:rd, respective;<, in t8e ODDice oD t8e $ice1M:<or, :s
recommended 9< t8en $ice1M:<or oD Ce9?, L?is $. #iores.
In t8e 1%B@ ;oc:; e;ections, SerCio Osmen:, /r. :nd
petitioner E?;oCio Borres r:n :nd >on t8e M:<or :nd $ice1
M:<or, respective;<, oD Ce9? Cit<. Osmen: /r., 8o>ever, did
not :ss?me oDDiceM 8ence petitioner Borres 9ec:me t8e
ActinC M:<or oD Ce9? Cit<. !pon :ss?minC oDDice, petitioner
Borres termin:ted t8e services oD priv:te respondents Pd?e
to ;:cE oD conDidence.R
I&&0E&: .8et8er or not priv:te respondents "erm:n O.
L?m:p:c :nd B:rto;ome E;iIondo m:< 9e dismissed,
>it8o?t c:?se or 8e:rinC, on t8e mere Cro?nd oD ;:cE oD
conDidence
4EL,: ,es, priv:te respondentsH term oD oDDice ;:sts on;< :s
;onC :s conDidence in t8em end?res.
B< virt?e oD t8e n:t?re oD t8e d?ties :nd D?nctions :tt:c8ed
to s:id positions, t8e re;:tions8ip 9et>een t8e $ice1M:<or
:nd 8is Sec?rit< is one t8:t depends on t8e 8iC8est deCree oD
tr?st :nd conDidence, s?c8 t8:t tr?st :nd conDidence :re t8e
prim:r< re:sons Dor :ppointment t8ereto. As : m:tter oD
D:ct, priv:te respondents >ere :ppointed to s:id positions
?pon t8e recommend:tion oD t8e t8en $ice1M:<or L?is $.
#iores. Petitioner Borres s8o?;d not 9e deprived oD t8e riC8t
to c8oose 8is o>n men to :ct :s 8is Sec?rit<. T8e ten?re oD
personne; 8o;dinC prim:ri;< conDidenti:; positions, s?c8 :s
t8e respondents, ends ?pon ;oss oD conDidence, 9ec:?se t8eir
term oD oDDice ;:sts on;< :s ;onC :s conDidence in t8em
end?res, t8?s, t8eir cess:tion invo;ves no remov:;.
Grino v. C&C < 1() &CRA )5. 81((19
FACTS: APPOINTMENTS .ERE MA#E B, TE FORMER
"O$ERNOR TO TE PRO$INCIAL ATTORNE,HS OFFICE.
.EN PETITIONER ASS!ME# TE POSITION OF
"O$ERNOR, E TERMINATE# TE SER$ICES OF TE
PRO$INCIAL ATTORNE, AS .ELL AS OTER LE"AL
OFFICERS ON TE "RO!N# OF LOSS OF TR!ST AN#
CONFI#ENCE. TE ACTION OF TE "O$ERNOR .AS
TEN TA7EN TO TE MERIT S,STEM PROMOTION
BOAR# .IC #ECLARE# TE TERMINATION
ILLE"AL AN# .AS AFFIRME# B, TE CSC, ENCE
TIS PETITION.
ISS!E: .ON TE POSITION OF A PRO$INCIAL
ATTORNE, AN# TOSE OF IS LE"AL S!BOR#INATES
ARE PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL IN NAT!RE SO TAT
TE SER$ICES OF TOSE OL#IN" SAI# POSITIONS
CAN BE TERMINATE# !PON LOSS OF CONFI#ENCE.
EL#: ,ES, B!T ONL, TE POSITION OF PRO$INCIAL
ATTORNE,, TE LE"AL S!BOR#INATES OF TE
PRO$INCIAL ATTORNE, ARE NOT CONSI#ERE# TO BE
PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL.
&antos v. Macarai2 < #0. &CRA 7) 81((#9
4ilario v. C&C < #) &CRA #0+ 81((59
Rosete v. CA < #+) &CRA 1)7 81((+9
C&C v. &alas < #7) &CRA )1) 81((79
FACTS: RESPON#ENT SALAS .AS APPOINTE# B, TE
PA"COR CAIRMAN AS INTERNAL SEC!RIT, STAFF
MEMBER AN# ASSI"NE# TO TE CASINO AT TE
MANILA PA$ILION OTEL. RESPON#ENT .AS
ALLE"E#L, EN"A"E# IN PRO0, BETTIN" AS
#ETAILE# IN TE AFFI#A$ITS P!RPORTE#L,
E0EC!TE# B, T.O C!STOMERS .O CLAIME# TAT
TE, .ERE !SE# AS "!NNERS B, RESPON#ENT.
T!S IS EMPLO,MENT .AS TERMINATE# B, TE
BOAR# OF #IRECTORS OF PA"COR ALLE"E#L, FOR
LOSS OF CONFI#ENCE. RESPON#ENT O.E$ER
AR"!ES TAT IS POSITION IS NOT ONE .IC IS
PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL B, NAT!RE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE POSITION EL# B,
SALAS IS PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL IN NAT!RE
TEREB, MA7IN" TE TERMINATION $ALI#.
EL#: NO, E IS NOT A CONFI#ENTIAL EMPLO,EE
AN# T!S CAN ONL, BE #ISMISSE# FOR A CA!SE
AN# AFTER #!E CO!RSE, NOT ON TE "RO!N# OF
LOSS OF CONFI#ENCE.
Aca3acoso v. Macarai2 < 1(5 &CRA #5 81((19
FACTS: TOMAS #. ACACOSO .AS APPOINTE#
A#MINISTRATOR OF TE PILIPPINE O$ERSEAS
EMPLO,MENT A#MINISTRATION. IN COMPLIANCE
.IT A RE3!EST A##RESSE# B, TE PRESI#ENT OF
TE PILIPPINES TO 2ALL #EPARTMENT EA#S,
!N#ERSECRETARIES, ASSISTANT SECRETARIES,
B!REA! EA#S, AN# OTER "O$ERNMENT
OFFICIALS, E FILE# A CO!RTES, RESI"NATION. E
TEN PROTESTE# IS REPLACEMENT AN#
#ECLARE# E .AS NOT S!RREN#ERIN" IS OFFICE
BECA!SE IS RESI"NATION .AS NOT $OL!NTAR,
B!T FILE# ONL, IN OBE#IENCE TO TE PRESI#ENTLS
#IRECTI$E. TE PETITIONER IN$O7ES SEC!RIT, OF
TEN!RE A"AINST IS CLAIME# REMO$AL .ITO!T
LE"AL CA!SE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE PRESI#ENT ERRE# IN
REPLACIN" ACACOSO.
Page 9 of 29
EL#: NO, IT IS SETTLE# TAT A PERMANENT
APPOINTMENT CAN BE ISS!E# ONL, TO A PERSON
.O MEETS ALL TE RE3!IREMENTS FOR TE
POSITION TO .IC E IS BEIN" APPOINTE#,
INCL!#IN" TE APPROPRIATE ELI"IBILIT,
PRESCRIBE#. ACACOSO #I# NOT, AT BEST
TEREFORE IS APPOINTMENT CO!L# BE
RE"AR#E# ONL, AS TEMPORAR,. AN# BEIN" SO, IT
CO!L# BE .IT#RA.N AT .ILL B, TE APPOINTIN"
A!TORIT, AN# AT A MOMENTHS NOTICE.
*eliA v. -uenase%a < #)0 &CRA 1( 81((59 61ar.#7
5amantasan n2 Ma"nila v. C&C < #)1 &CRA 50
81((59
5rovince oC t3e Camarines &ur v. CA < #)+ &CRA
#1 81((59
5EDA v. Merca%o < +1) &CRA +. 8#0109
C&C v. CA < +5 &CRA 7)( 8#0109
Perm:nent
Lue2o v. C&C < 1) &CRA #7 81(.+9
FACTS: PETITIONER .AS APPOINTE#
A#MINISTRATI$E OFFICER II, OFFICE OF TE CIT,
MA,OR, CEB! CIT,, B, MA,OR FLORENTINO SOLON.
TE APPOINTMENT .AS #ESCRIBE# AS
2PERMANENT B!T TE CI$IL SER$ICE COMMISSION
APPRO$E# IT AS 2TEMPORAR,. TE CI$IL SER$ICE
COMMISSION FO!N# TE PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT
BETTER 3!ALIFIE# TAN TE PETITIONER FOR TE
CONTESTE# POSITION AN# ACCOR#IN"L, #IRECTE#
EREIN PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT IN PLACE OF
PETITIONERLS POSITION. TE PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT
.AS SO APPOINTE# MA,OR RONAL# #!TERTE. TE
PETITIONER IS NO. IN$O7IN" IS EARLIER
PERMANENT APPOINTMENT AS .ELL AS TO
3!ESTION TE CI$IL SER$ICE COMMISSIONLS OR#ER
AN# TE PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTLS TITLE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE CSC AS TE
A!TORIT, TO #ISAPPRO$E A PERMANENT
APPOINTMENT ON TE "RO!N# TAT TE OTER IS
BETTER 3!ALIFIE#.
EL#: NO, .EN TE APPOINTEE IS 3!ALIFIE# AN#
TE OTER LE"AL RE3!IREMENTS ARE SATISFIE#,
TE COMMISSION AS NO COICE B!T TO ATTEST TO
TE APPOINTMENT IN ACCOR#ANCE .IT TE CI$IL
SER$ICE LA.S.
5an2ilinan v. Ma2la"a < ##5 &CRA 511 81((9
61ar.#7
*AC/&: P:nCi;in:n >:s :ppointed :Cent in t8e NBI, :
position Dor >8ic8 8e 8:d t8e :ppropri:te civi; service
e;iCi9i;it<. Risen to s?pervisinC :Cent 9?t resiCn :ccept :n
:ppointment :s EKec?tive Secret:r< oD LTO. L:ter, det:i;ed
to t8e MIAA :s Assist:nt "M in c8:rCe oD Din:nce :nd
:dministr:tion :nd :;so sec?rit< :nd Cener:; services.
Ret?rn to LTO :s resident Om9?dsm:n in :ddition to 8is
reC?;:r d?ties, discovered :nom:;ies, irreC?;:rities. e
9ro?C8t t8e m:tter to t8e Asst. Secret:r< S:9:;I: oD #OTC
:nd ;:ter to Secret:r< Pr:do. Neit8er oD t8em tooE :n<
:ction. P:nCi;in:n >:s re;ieved :s EKec?tive #irector oD t8e
LTO :nd rep;:ced 9< M:C;:<: :s OIC. Petitioner contin?ed
receivinC 8is s:;:r<. .8en 8e :sE >8< 8is p:< 8:d 9een
discontin?ed, 8e >:s inDormed 9< Asst. Secret:r< Borr: /r.
t8:t M:C;:<: 8:d :;re:d< 9een desiCn:ted :s ActinC
EKec?tive #irector oD t8e LTO. In 8is petition, p:nCi;in:n
pr:<s Dor t8e reinst:tement on t8e Cro?nd t8:t no c8:rCe
8:s 9een Di;ed or proven :C:inst 8im to G?stiD< 8is remov:;.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e petitioner5s termin:tion Drom
oDDice is v:;id
4EL,: T8e petitioner5s tempor:r< :ppointment :s
EKec?tive Secret:r< oD t8e LTO s8o?;d 8:ve ended t>e;ve
mont8s :Dter 8e :ss?med oDDice, or on /?;< 1B, 1%&&. From
t8:t d:te, 8is :ppointment 8:d ce:sed to 9e v:;id even iD :
J?:;iDied rep;:cement >:s not <et :v:i;:9;e :nd
conseJ?ent;< 8:d to 9e discontin?ed p?rs?:nt to t8e :9ove1
J?oted provision. Even on t8e :ss?mption t8:t 8is
:ppointment co?;d 9e :nd 8:d 9een v:;id;< eKtended
9e<ond t8e one1<e:r ;imit t8:t eKtended term >:s
nevert8e;ess v:;id;< termin:ted >it8 t8e :ppointment oD 8is
J?:;iDied rep;:cement.
ReorC:niI:tion
&antia2o v. C&C < 17. &CRA 7 81(.(9
FACTS: PETITIONER, A C!STOMS COLLECTOR I, .AS
"I$EN A PROMOTIONAL APPOINTMENT B, TE
C!STOMS COMMISSIONER TO OL# TE POSITION
OF C!STOMS COLLECTOR III. /OSE, A C!STOMS
COLLECTOR II, FILE# A PROTEST .IT TE MERIT
S,STEM PROMOTION BOAR#'MSPB+ AR"!IN" TAT
E SO!L# BE TE ONE .O SO!L# BE
APPOINTE# MAINL, ON TE "RO!N# TAT E IS
TE NE0T1IN1RAN7. TE MSPB TEN RE$O7E# TE
APPOINTMENT OF PETITIONER .IC .AS
AFFIRME# B, TE CSC, ENCE TIS CASE .AS FILE#.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE CSC ERRE# IN
RE$O7IN" TE APPOINTMENT OF PETITIONER.
EL#: ,ES, TE CSC ERRE# IN RE$O7IN" TE
APPOINTMENT. ONE .O IS NE0T1IN1RAN7 IS
ENTITLE# TO PREFERENTIAL CONSI#ERATION FOR
PROMOTION TO TE I"ER $ACANC, B!T IT #OES
NOT NECESSARIL, FOLLO. TAT E AN# NO ONE
ELSE CAN BE APPOINTE#. TO APPL, TE NE0T1IN1
RAN7 R!LE .O!L# IMPOSE A RI"I# FORM!LA ON
TE APPOINTIN" PO.ER CONTRAR, TO TE POLIC,
OF TE LA..
Montecillo v. Civil &ervice Commission, GR 'O.
11(5). !une #., #001
Gatmaitan v. Gon>ales < )(# &CRA 5(1
'ieves v. -lanco < +7 &CRA +. 8#01#9
Appointment vs. desiCn:tion
-inamira v. Garuc3o < 1.. &CRA 15) 81((09 61ar.#7
6%esi2nation $" ,e1t. &ec.7
Page 1( of 29
FACTS: IN P!RS!ANT TO A MEMORAN#!M
A##RESSE# TO IM B, TE MINISTER OF TO!RISM,
TE PETITIONER ASS!ME# OFFICE ON APRIL @, 1%&B.
MINISTER "ON4ALES SO!"T APPRO$AL FROM
PRESI#ENT A3!INO OF TE COMPOSITION OF TE
BOAR# OF #IRECTORS OF TE PTA, .IC
INCL!#E# BINAMIRA AS $ICE1CAIRMAN IN IS
CAPACIT, AS "ENERAL MANA"ER, APPRO$E# B, TE
PRESI#ENT. BINAMIRA CLAIMS TAT SINCE
ASS!MIN" OFFICE, E A# #ISCAR"E# TE
#!TIES OF PTA "ENERAL MANA"ER AN# $ICE1
CAIRMAN OF ITS BOAR# OF #IRECTORS. IS
RESI"NATION .AS #EMAN#E# B, RESPON#ENT
"ARR!CO AS TE NE. SECRETAR, OF TO!RISM.
PRESI#ENT A3!INO SENT RESPON#ENT "ARR!CO
A MEMORAN#!M #ESI"NATIN" IM
CONC!RRENTL, AS "ENERAL MANA"ER, EFFECTI$E
IMME#IATEL,, !NTIL TE PRESI#ENT CAN APPOINT
A PERSON TO SER$E IN TE SAI# OFFICE IN A
PERMANENT CAPACIT,.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE PETITIONER .AS
ILLE"ALL, REMO$E# FROM IS #ESI"NATION.
EL#: NO, TE PETITIONER CANNOT S!STAIN IS
CLAIM TAT E AS BEEN ILLE"ALL, REMO$E#.
TE REASON IS TAT TE #ECREE CLEARL,
PRO$I#ES TAT TE APPOINTMENT OF TE
"ENERAL MANA"ER OF TE PILIPPINE TO!RISM
A!TORIT, SALL BE MA#E B, TE PRESI#ENT OF
TE PILIPPINES, NOT B, AN, OTER OFFICER.
APPOINTMENT IN$OL$ES TE E0ERCISE OF
#ISCRETION, .IC BECA!SE OF ITS NAT!RE
CANNOT BE #ELE"ATE#
Remov:; Dor C:?seOSec?rit< oD Ten?re
C:?se Dor Remov:;: PARA"RAP *
1. Loss conDidence
4ernan%e> v. @ille2as < 1) &CRA 5)) 81(+59
FACTS: RESPON#ENT, A LA.,ER AN# CI$IL SER$ICE
ELI"IBLE, .AS APPOINTE# AS #IRECTOR FOR
SEC!RIT, OF TE B!REA! OF C!STOMS. SOON E
.AS SENT TO TE !NITE# STATES TO ST!#,. .EN
E RET!RNE#, E .AS TEMPORARIL, #ETAILE# TO
TE ARRASTRE SER$ICE B!T LATER .AS PROPOSE#
TO AN# APPRO$E# B, TE PRESI#ENT TO MA7E TE
APPOINTMENT OF $ILLE"AS TO TE ARRASTRE
SER$ICES PERMANENT, ON TE "RO!N# TAT TE
FORMER POSITION IS PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL.
TEREAFTER, ANOTER .AS APPOINTE# TO TE
POSITION OF #IRECTOR FOR SEC!RIT, OF TE
B!REA! OF C!STOMS. IT APPEARS TAT
RESPON#ENT .AS NOT INFORME# IN TIME ABO!T
TE APPOINTMENTS, TEREB, MA7IN" IM FILE AN
ACTION FOR IS RI"T O$ER TE POSITION.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE POSITION .AS
PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL, TEREFORE MA7IN"
TE APPOINTMENTS $ALI#.
EL#: FOR O!R P!RPOSE, .E #O NOT NEE# TO
CONSI#ER TE POSITION IN$OL$E# IN TIS CASE IS
PRIMARIL, CONFI#ENTIAL, BECA!SE, E$EN
ASS!MIN" TE POSITION TO BE, IT IS
NE$ERTELESS S!B/ECT TO TE CONSTIT!TIONAL
PRO$ISION TAT, NO OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE IN TE
CI$IL SER$ICE SALL BE REMO$E# OR S!SPEN#E#
E0CEPT FOR CA!SE.
(. A9o;ition oD ODDice
-riones v. Osmena < 10) 54IL. 5.. 81(5.9
FACTS: OR#INANCE NO. 1%( ABOLISE# 1- POSITIONS
IN TE CIT, MA,ORLS OFFICE AN# 1@ POSITIONS IN
TE OFFICE OF TE M!NICIPAL BOAR# .IT AN
ALLE"E# ECONOMIC AN# EFFICIENT REASON FOR
TE ABOLITION. AN ACTION FOR MAN#AM!S .IT
#AMA"ES TO #ECLARE TE ABOLITION OF TE
PETITIONERLS POSITION $OI#, AN# TO OR#ER TE
RESPON#ENT CIT, MA,OR TO REINSTATE TEM TO
TEIR FORMER POSITIONS.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE ABOLITION OF
POSITIONS .AS IN BA# FAIT AN# TEREB,
$IOLATIN" TEIR SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE.
EL#: ,ES, TE REASON "I$EN FOR TE ABOLITION
OF TE POSITIONS IS !NTR!E AN# CONSTIT!TES A
MERE S!BTERF!"E FOR TE REMO$AL .ITO!T
CA!SE OF TE SAI# EMPLO,EES, IN $IOLATION OF
TE CI$IL SER$ICE TEN!RES AS PRO$I#E# B, TE
CONSTIT!TION
Eu2ene v. C&C < #) &CRA 1(+ 81((59
*. ReorC:niI:tion
Romual%e>:Ea1 v. C&C < ##5 &CRA #.5 81((9
*ernan%e> v. &to /omas < #)# &CRA 1(# 81((59
FACTS: S:nc8eI >:s servinC :s #irector oD t8e ODDice oD
Personne; Inspection :nd A?dit 'OPIA+ >8i;e #e Lim: >:s
servinC :s #irector oD t8e ODDice oD t8e Personne; Re;:tions
'OPR+, 9ot8 :t t8e Centr:; ODDice oD t8e Civi; Service
Commission. Petitioners :ss:i;ed t8e v:;idit< oD t8e
reso;?tion prom?;C:ted 9< t8e CSC :nd its :?t8orit< to iss?e
s?c8, t8e Reso;?tion No. %*=@1) reso;ves to eDDect c8:nCes
in t8e orC:niI:tions speciDic:;;< Centr:; ODDices 're:rr:nCed
:nd merCed some oDDices. It :;so :;;oc:ted some
D?nctions 'intern:; orC:niI:tions+.
ISS!E: .8et8er t8e reorC:niI:tion :9o;is8ed oDDicesF
R!LIN": It did not :9o;is8ed :n< p?9;ic oDDice nor
termin:te re;:tions8ip >8:tsoever emp;o<ees 9< t8e CSC or
:n< oD its oDDicers :nd emp;o<ees. CSC c:n v:;id;<
reorC:niIed 9ec:?se on;< CSC Eno>s t8e ever c8:nCinC
needs >it8 t8e c:;; oD times or dem:nd oD times, :s ;onC :s
t8is >i;; not invo;ve :n< red?ction in r:nE or st:t?s or
neit8er t8e s:;:ries oD s?c8 emp;o<ees :nd it is not
:mo?ntinC to remov:; nor constr?ctive dismiss:;
C3ato v. 'ativi%a% < #)) &CRA 7.7 81((59
Page 11 of 29
,ivina2racia v. &to. /omas < #)) &CRA 5(5 81((59
61ar.7
*AC/&: M:ncit: >:s :ppointed M?nicip:; #eve;opment
Coordin:tor 'M#C+ oD Pi;i, C:m:rines S?r, in : perm:nent
c:p:cit<. .8en t8e o;d L"C tooE eDDect in 1%&*, t8e oDDice
>:s ren:med :s M?nicip:; P;:nninC :nd #eve;opment
Coordin:tor, to >8ic8 position, t8en M?nicip:; B?dCet
ODDicer Presci;;: B. N:c:rio >:s :ppointed :nd M:ncit:
Re;ieved Drom service 9< "ov. Pri;:. T8e ;oc:; B?dCet ODDice
>:s n:tion:;iIed :nd p;:ced ?nder t8e #BM :nd A;eKis #.
S:n L?is >:s tempor:ri;< :ppointed M?nicip:; B?dCet
ODDicer oD Pi;i 9< #BM Secret:r< C:r:C?e :nd >:s
s?9seJ?ent;< :ppointed to s:id position in : perm:nent
c:p:cit<, 9< petitioner #e;Din N. #ivin:Cr:ci:, M:<or oD Pi;i.
On :ppe:; to t8e MPSB, M:ncit: received G?dCment
orderinC 8er reinst:tement :Dter DindinC 8er remov:; to 9e
i;;eC:;. T8e decision >:s :ppe:;ed 9< #ivin:Cr:ci: to t8e
CSC 9?t >:s denied. As : res?;t oD t8e deni:;, N:c:rio >:s
termin:ted Drom oDDice in order to eDDect t8e reinst:tement
oD M:ncit:. CSC 8e;d t8:t t8e reinst:tement oD M:ncit: >:s
not : v:;id c:?se Dor t8e remov:; oD N:c:rio, :nd since s8e
>:s t8e Dormer M?nicip:; B?dCet ODDicer s8e 8:d t8e riC8t
to ret?rn to t8:t position. Sto Tom:s denied : reJ?est Dor
reconsider:tion 9< #ivin:Cr:ci:. Priv:te respondent c;:ims
t8:t s8e did not vo;?nt:ri;< :pp;< Dor tr:nsDer Drom
t8e B?dCet ODDice to t8e ODDice oD MP#C 9?t >:s constr:ined
to 6:ccept6 t8e ne> position 9ec:?se oD 8er deDerence to
t8en M:<or Pri;:. In D:ct, :ccordinC to 8er, s8e :pp;ied Dor
t8e position oD B?dCet ODDicer >it8 t8e #ep:rtment oD
B?dCet :nd M:n:Cement >8i;e s8e >:s MP#C indic:tinC
t8:t s8e did not :9:ndon or re;inJ?is8 8er Dormer position.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e ;:ter:; tr:nsDer oD N:c:rio >:s
v:;id;< m:de
4EL,: No. T8e ?nconsented ;:ter:; tr:nsDer oD N:c:rio
Drom t8e B?dCet ODDice to t8e ODDice oD MP#C >:s :r9itr:r<,
:mo?ntinC to remov:; >it8o?t c:?se, inv:;id :s it is
:n:t8em: to sec?rit< oD ten?re. .8en N:c:rio >:s eKtended
: perm:nent :ppointment :nd s8e :ss?med t8e position,
s8e :cJ?ired : ;eC:;, not mere;< :n eJ?it:9;e riC8t. S?c8
riC8t to sec?rit< oD ten?re is protected not on;< 9< st:t?te,
9?t :;so 9< t8e Constit?tion :nd c:nnot 9e t:Een :>:< Drom
8er eit8er 9< remov:;, tr:nsDer or 9< revoc:tion oD
:ppointment, eKcept Dor c:?se, :nd :Dter prior notice.
@in>on:C3ato v. Denarosa, GR 1#05(, Octo$er #0,
#000
,e Gu>man v. Comelec, GR 1#(11., !ul" 1(, #000
Cuevas v. -acal, GR 1(.#, ,ecem$er +, #000
=. 3?:;iDic:tion Dor E;iCi9i;it<
Ma"or v. Macarai2 < 1() &CRA +7# 81((1
-. A9:ndonmentM Accept:nce oD Incomp:ti9;eOOt8er
Emp;o<ment
Canoni>a%o v. A2uirre, # &CRA 1# 8#0019
FACTS: PETITIONERS .ERE INC!MBENT
COMMISSIONERS OF TE NATIONAL POLICE
COMMISSION, .EN RA &&-1, OTER.ISE 7NO.N
AS TE PNP REFORM AN# REOR"ANI4ATION ACT OF
1%%&, TOO7 EFFECT, TE TERMS OF OFFICE OF TE
INC!MBENT COMMISSIONERS .ERE #EEME#
E0PIRE#. PETITIONERS CLAIME# TAT TIS
$IOLATE# TEIR SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE PNP REFORM AN#
REOR"ANI4ATION ACT OF 1%%& $IOLATE# TE
SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE OF TE INC!MBENT
COMMISSIONERS
EL#: NO, RA &&-1 #I# NOT E0PRESSL, ABOLIS TE
POSITIONS OF TE PETITIONERS. IT .AS /!ST MA#E
AN A"ENC, ATTACE# TO TE #IL", TE
OR"ANI4ATIONAL STR!CT!RE AN# TE
COMPOSITION OF TE NATIONAL POLICE
COMMISSION REMAIN ESSENTIAL, TE SAME
E0CEPT FOR TE A##ITION OF TE CIEF OF PNP AS
E01 OFFICIO MEMBER.
&alva%or v. CA, GR 1#7501, Ma" 5, #000
#?e Process in Remov:;
EnriBue v. CA < ##( &CRA 1.0 81(()9
C&C v. Ma2na"e < +1( &CRA )7 8#0109
Ru$enecia v. C&C < #)) &CRA +)0 81((59
53ili11ine C3arit" &Fee1sta;es OCCice -oar% OC
,irectors v. Marie !ean C. La1i%, GR 1(1()0, 1#
A1ril #011
Sec?rit< oD Ten?re
C3ua v. C&C < #0+ &CRA +5 81((#9
*AC/&: Petitioner L<di: C8?: >:s 8ired 9< t8e NIA Dor
over 1- <e:rs :s : cotermino?s emp;o<ee. Petitioner
9e;ievinC t8:t s8e is J?:;iDied to :v:i; oD t8e 9eneDits oD t8e
proCr:m, Di;ed :n :pp;ic:tion >it8 t8e NIA 9?t >:s denied
:nd ;:ter on >it8 t8e CSC >8o >:s ;iEe>ise denied. S8e >:s
inste:d oDDered : sep:r:tion 9eneDit oD S mont8;< 9:sic p:<
Dor e:c8 service.
I&&0E: .8et8er t8e petitioner is entit;ed to c;:im t8e e:r;<
retirement 9eneDitF
R0LI'G: It >:s st:ted t8:t : cotermino?s emp;o<ee is :
non1c:reer serv:nt ;iEe c:s?:; :nd emerCenc< emp;o<ees,
9ec:?se oD t8:t t8e< :re entit;ed to t8e s:me 9eneDits :s ;onC
:s t8e< comp;ied >it8 t8e reJ?irements oD ;:>, >8ic8 in t8is
c:se, C8?: comp;ied. On t8:t note, t8e co?rt 9e;ieves t8:t
t8e deni:; oD petitioner5s :pp;ic:tion Dor e:r;< retirement
9eneDits 9< t8e NIA :nd CSC is ?nre:son:9;e, ?nG?stiDied
:nd oppressive d?e to t8e D:ct t8:t s8e is entit;ed to t8e
9eneDits oD t8e s:me ;:> 9ec:?se s3e serve% t3e
2overnment not onl" Cor tFo 6#7 "ears F3ic3 is t3e
minimum reBuirement un%er t3e laF $ut Cor
CiCteen 6157 "ears.
'L/, v. C&C < ##1 &CRA 1)5
Ca$a2not v. C&C < ## &CRA 5(
Page 12 of 29
*AC/&: A ne> orC:niI:tion:; str?ct?re :nd st:DDinC p:ttern
oD t8e provinci:; Covernment oD AE;:n >:s :pproved 9< t8e
/oint Commission on Loc:; "overnment Personne;
Administr:tion '/CL"PA+ t8r? t8e #irector oD t8e B?re:?
oD Loc:; "overnment S?pervision. T8e reorC:niI:tion
provided *B= reC?;:r p;:nti;;: positions Drom t8e previo?s
**% >it8 t8e oDDice oD t8e "overnor :;;oc:ted 1== Drom t8e
previo?s **% >it8 t8e ODDice oD t8e "overnor :;;oc:ted 1==
Drom t8e previo?s B) positions. "overnor Cor:Ion
L. C:9:Cnot iss?ed : Memor:nd?m, >8ic8 s8e s?9seJ?ent;<
cre:ted t8r? EKec?tive Order No. )II1&&. (1 s?pposed;<
:CCrieved emp;o<ees Goint;< :ppe:;ed to C:9:Cnot p?rs?:nt
to Section 1& oD t8e R?;es on "overnment ReorC:niI:tion
iss?ed 9< t8e Civi; Services Commission :nd Sections (, *,
=, - :nd 1( oD Rep?9;ic Act BB-B. T8e< pr:<ed t8:t t8e< 9e
:ppointed to t8e positions t8e< :pp;ied Dor to >8ic8 t8e< :re
e;iCi9;e. C:9:Cnot denied t8eir :ppe:;. 1@ oD t8e oriCin:; (1,
priv:te respondents 8erein, instit?ted : co;;ective :ppe:;
9eDore t8e Civi; Service ReCion:; ODDice in I;oi;o Cit<. Civi;
Service Commission Do?nd C:9:Cnot to 8:ve vio;:ted Sec. @
oD t8e R?;es on ReorC:niI:tion :nd Memor:nd?m Circ?;:r
No. -, s. oD 1%&&. C:9:Cnot Di;ed : motion Dor
reconsider:tion to >8ic8 t8e CSC prom?;C:ted its (nd
reso;?tion dec;:rinC t8:t priv:te respondents 8:ve 9een
demoted. Moreover, C:9:Cnot >:s Do?nd to 8:ve vio;:ted
Section = oD Rep. Act No. BB-B providinC preDerence Dor
:ppointment oD perm:nent emp;o<ees to t8e ne> positions
or iD t8ere :re not eno?C8 comp:r:9;e ones, to positions
neKt ;o>er in r:nE. Petitioner Di;ed t8e present petition.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not, :s : res?;t oD t8e reorC:niI:tion
?ndert:Een 9< t8e Provinci:; "overnment oD AE;:n, t8e
sec?rit< oD ten?re oD t8e :ppe:;inC emp;o<ees is imp:ired.
4EL,: ,ES. A C;:rinC disp:rit< eKists 9et>een t8e Dormer
positions 8e;d 9< priv:te respondents :nd t8e positions
proposed to t8em 9< petitioner. T8is is D:ir;< o9vio?s in t8e
c:se oD respondents B:?tist:, et :;. >8o >ere Civen positions
>8ic8 >ere, not on;< ;o>er 9< t>o Cr:des to :s m?c8 :s
Do?rteen, 9?t >8ic8 :;so c8:nCed t8e n:t?re oD t8eir >orE.
T8is is :;so tr?e >it8 respect to respondents M:rtireI, et :;.
>8o >ere Civen positions ;o>er 9< one Cr:de despite t8e
s8o>inC t8:t comp:r:9;e positions eKist. In t8e c:se oD
respondents Si;v:, ET :;. t8ere >ere diDDerences in t8eir
proposed positions, 9< one or t>o steps. Fin:;;<, in t8e c:se
oD Briones, t8e disp:rit< consists, not so m?c8 in t8e s:;:r<
Cr:de :ndOor step, 9?t in t8e n:t?re oD t8e >orE.
Maro3om$sar v. CA, GR 1#+).1, *e$ruar" 1., #000
On2 v. O5 < ++) &CRA )1 8#01#9
E;ectioneerinC or P:rtis:n Po;itic:; Activit<
&antos v. Eatco < 10+ 54IL #1
5eo1le v. ,e @enecia < 1) &CRA .+) 81(+59
FACTS: RESPON#ENT, A P!BLIC OFFICER, .AS
ACC!SE# FOR ELECTIONEERIN". ACCOR#IN"L,, E
.ILLF!LL, IN#!CE#, INFL!ENCE#, S.A,E# AN#
MA#E TE ELECTORS $OTE IN FA$OR OF
CAN#I#ATES FOR P!BLIC OFFICE. !PON A MOTION
TO 3!AS, TE CO!RT #ISMISSE# TE CASE,
OL#IN" TAT SEC. -= OF TE RE$ISE# ELECTION
CO#E '!PON .IC TE PROSEC!TION RESTE#+
A# BEEN REPEALE# B, SEC. (% OF REP!BLIC ACT
((B). ON TE OTER AN#, AN EMPLO,EE
'CLASSIFIE# CI$IL SER$ICE+ .O CONTRIB!TES
MONE, FOR ELECTION P!RPOSES TO A CAN#I#ATE
$IOLATES SEC. -= 'AN# IS P!NISABLE .IT
IMPRISONMENT+ BECA!SE E 6AI#E# A CAN#I#ATE6
AN# MA, NOT IN$O7E TE PRI$ILE"E RESER$E# TO
IM B, SEC. (%.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT RESPON#ENT MA, IN$O7E
TE PRI$ILE"E RESER$E# TO IM B, SECTION (% OF
RA ((B).
EL#: NO, !N#ER TE CONSTIT!TION, TOSE
!N#ER TE 6CLASSIFIE# CI$IL SER$ICE6 MA, NOT
PARTICIPATE IN AN, PARTISAN POLITICAL
CAMPAI"N OR ELECTIONEERIN".
RiC8t to Se;D1OrC:niI:tion :nd RiC8t to StriEe
&&& Em1lo"ees v. CA < 175 &CRA +.+ 81(.(9
FACTS: TE SSS EMPLO,ERS ASSOCIATION .AS
"I$EN A TRO FOR EN"A"IN" IN AN ILLE"AL STRI7E.
TE, CONTEN# TAT TE CO!RT A# NO
/!RIS#ICTION BECA!SE IT CONCERNS LABOR
#ISP!TE TEREFORE #OLE M!ST BE TE ONE .IT
/!RIS#ICTION, SSS ON TE OTER AN# CONTEN#S
TAT TE, ARE !N#ER TE CSC R!LES T!S TE,
A$E NO RI"T TO STRI7E.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT /!RIS#ICTION SO!L# BE
.IT #OLE, AN# .ETER OR NOT TE, ARE
ALLO.E# TO STRI7E.
EL#: NO, CSC AS /!RIS#ICTION O$ER TE CASE
SINCE SSS IS A "OCC .IT AN ORI"INAL CARTER,
TEREFORE TE, ARE CO$ERE# B, TE CSCHS
MEMORAN#!M PROIBITIN" STRI7ES OF
"O$ERNMENT EMPLO,EES.
-alin2asan v. CA < #7+ &CRA 557 81((79
!acinto v. CA < #.1 &CRA 557 81((79
FACTS: PETITIONERS ARE P!BLIC SCOOL
TEACERS FROM $ARIO!S SCOOLS IN
METROPOLITAN MANILA. TE, INC!RRE#
!NA!TORI4E# ABSENCES IN CONNECTION .IT
TE MASS ACTIONS. #ECS SECRETAR, CARINO
IMME#IATEL, ISS!E# A RET!RN1TO1.OR7 OR#ER.
TE, .ERE CAR"E# .IT "ROSS MISCON#!CT,
"ROSS NE"LECT OF #!T, FOR /OININ"
!NA!TORI4E# MASS ACTIONS, I"NORIN" TE
RET!RN1TO1.OR7 #IRECTI$ES, !N/!STIFIE#
ABAN#ONMENT OF TEACIN" POST AN# NON1
OBSER$ANCE OF CI$IL SER$ICE LA..
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT PETITIONERS A$E TE
RI"T TO SELF1OR"ANI4ATION.
EL#: EMPLO,EES IN TE P!BLIC SER$ICE, !NLI7E
TOSE IN TE PRI$ATE SECTOR, #O NOT A$E TE
RI"T TO STRI7E, ALTO!" "!ARANTEE# TE
RI"T TO SELF1 OR"ANI4ATION, TO PETITION
Page 1! of 29
CON"RESS FOR TE BETTERMENT OF EMPLO,MENT
TERMS AN# CON#ITIONS AN# TO NE"OTIATE .IT
APPROPRIATE "O$ERNMENT A"ENCIES FOR TE
IMPRO$EMENT OF S!C .OR7IN" CON#ITIONS AS
ARE NOT FI0E# B, LA.. P!BLIC SCOOL TEACERS
A$E TE RI"T TO PEACEABLE ASSEMBL, FOR
RE#RESS OF "RIE$ANCES B, NOT #!RIN" CLASS
O!RS, FOR TEN TIS .O!L# BE A STRI7E, .IC
IS ILLE"AL.
,e la Cru> v. CA < 05 &CRA 0
G&I& v. Ga1isanan < 510 &CRA +##
Tempor:r< Emp;o<ees
Gloria v. CA, GR 11((0, Au2ust 15, #000
FACTS: RESPON#ENT .AS APPOINTE# SCOOL
#I$ISION S!PERINTEN#ENT, #I$ISION OF CIT,
SCOOLS, 3!E4ON CIT,. !PON RECOMMEN#ATION
OF TE SECRETAR, OF E#!CATION, C!LT!RE AN#
SPORTS, TE PRESI#ENT REASSI"NE# IM AS
S!PERINTEN#ENT OF TE MARI7INA INSTIT!TE OF
SCIENCE AN# TECNOLO", ON TE "RO!N# TAT
E IS AN E0PERT IN $OCATIONAL AN# TECNICAL
E#!CATION. RESPON#ENT 3!ESTIONE# TE
$ALI#IT, OF IS REASSI"NMENT ON TE "RO!N#
TAT IT IS IN#EFINITE AN# IT $IOLATE# IS
SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE IN#EFINITE
REASSI"NMENT $IOLATE# TE SEC!RIT, OF
TEN!RE.
EL#: ,ES, TERE IS NOTIN" TO SO. TAT TE
REASSI"NMENT OF RESPON#ENT IS TEMPORAR,.
TE E$I#ENCE OR INTENTION TO REASSI"N
RESPON#ENT A# NO #EFINITE PERIO#. IT IS
$IOLATI$E OF IS SEC!RIT, OF TEN!RE.
Section *. P?rpose oD : Civi; Service S<stem
La>o v. C&C, #+ &CRA )+(
*AC/&:9CSC received : ;etter reportinC t8:t petitioner
L:Io 8:d 9o?C8t 8is C:reer Service 'S?91ProDession:;+
E;iCi9i;it< Drom t8e CSC. ConsiderinC t8e serio?sness oD t8e
:;;eC:tion, CSC ordered t8e eK:min:tion :ns>er s8eets oD
petitioner retrieved :nd 8:nd1c8ecEed 9< t8e ODDice oD
Recr?itment, EK:min:tion :nd P;:cement.
T8e rec8ecEinC disc;osed t8:t petitionerHs :ct?:; score >:s
*=.=&T, not @B.=BT :s indic:ted in 8is certiDic:te oD
e;iCi9i;it<. T8?s, CSC c8:rCed petitioner >it8 dis8onest<,
Cr:ve miscond?ct :nd cond?ct preG?dici:; to t8e 9est
interests oD t8e service. T8ereDore, CSC revoEed 8is
e;iCi9i;it< Dor 9einC n?;; :nd void.
I&&0E:9M:< t8e Commission revoEe : certiDic:te oD
e;iCi9i;it<F
R0LI'G: As centr:; personne; :Cenc< oD t8e Covernment,
t8e CSC m:< revoEe : certiDic:te oD e;iCi9i;it<. T8e 1oFer to
issue a certiCicate carries Fit3 it t3e 1oFer to
revo;e. .8et8er or not 8e:rinC is reJ?ired Dor revoc:tion
depends on t8e circ?mst:nces oD : c:se. T8?s, >8ere t8e
c:se simp;< invo;ves t8e rec8ecEinC oD eK:min:tion p:pers
:nd not8inC more t8:n : re1ev:;?:tion oD doc?ments
:;re:d< in t8e records oD t8e CSC :ccordinC to : st:nd:rd
:ns>er Ee< previo?s;< set 9< it, notice :nd 8e:rinC is not
reJ?ired.
Section =. O:t8 or ADDirm:tion
Section -. St:nd:rdiI:tion oD Compens:tion
Section B. Pro8i9ition oD Appointment oD PL:me #?cEsR
5eo1le v. &an%i2an$a"an, GR 'o. 1+)1.5, !ul" #,
#00.
FACTS: #!RIN" TE MA, 11, 1%%& ELECTIONS,
$ILLAPAN#O RAN FOR M!NICIPAL MA,OR OF SAN
$ICENTE, PALA.AN. ORLAN#O M. TIAPE, A RELATI$E
OF $ILLAPAN#OLS .IFE, RAN FOR M!NICIPAL MA,OR
OF 7ITCARAO, A"!SAN #EL NORTE. $ILLAPAN#O
.ON .ILE TIAPE LOST. TEREAFTER, ON /!L, 1,
1%%&, $ILLAPAN#O #ESI"NATE# TIAPE AS M!NICIPAL
A#MINISTRATOR OF TE M!NICIPALIT, OF SAN
$ICENTE, PALA.AN. A CONTRACT OF CONS!LTANC,
#ATE# FEBR!AR, &, 1%%% .AS E0EC!TE# BET.EEN
TE M!NICIPALIT, OF SAN $ICENTE, PALA.AN,
.EREB, TE FORMER EMPLO,E# TE SER$ICES
OF TIAPE AS M!NICIPAL A#MINISTRATI$E AN#
#E$ELOPMENT PLANNIN" CONS!LTANT IN TE
OFFICE OF TE M!NICIPAL MA,OR FOR A PERIO# OF
SI0 MONTS. ON FEBR!AR, =, ())), SOLOMON B.
MAA"A# AN# RENATO M. FERNAN#E4 CAR"E#
$ILLAPAN#O AN# TIAPE FOR $IOLATION OF ARTICLE
(== OF TE RE$ISE# PENAL CO#E BEFORE TE
OFFICE OF TE #EP!T, OMB!#SMAN FOR L!4ON.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT PETITION IS .IT MERIT.
EL#: !N#ER TE CONSTIT!TION, TERE E0ISTS A
6LAME #!C76 #OCTRINE, .EREIN IT STATES TAT,
NO CAN#I#ATE .O AS LOST IN AN, ELECTION
SALL, .ITIN ONE ,EAR AFTER S!C ELECTION, BE
APPOINTE# TO AN, OFFICE IN TE "O$ERNMENT OR
AN, "OCC AN# ITS S!BSI#IARIES.
Section @. Pro8i9itionsM AppointmentsM ODDiceM Emp;o<ment
*lores v. ,rilon < ## &CRA 5+. 61((7
*AC/&: T8e constit?tion:;it< oD sec. 1* p:r. 'd+, oD R.A.
@((@, ot8er>ise Eno>n :s t8e 69:ses conversion :nd
deve;opment :ct oD 1%%(,6 ?nder >8ic8 respondent m:<or
Ric8:rd G. "ordon oD O;onC:po cit< >:s :ppointed c8:irm:n
:nd c8ieD eKec?tive oDDicer oD t8e S?9ic B:< Metropo;it:n
A?t8orit< 'SBMA+, is c8:;;enCed >it8 pr:<er Dor pro8i9ition,
pre;imin:r< inG?nction :nd tempor:r< restr:ininC order.
S:id provision provides t8e president t8e po>er to :ppoint
:n :dministr:tor oD t8e SBMA provided t8:t in t8e Dirst <e:r
oD its oper:tion, t8e o;onC:po m:<or s8:;; 9e :ppointed :s
c8:irm:n :nd c8ieD oD eKec?tive oD t8e s?9ic :?t8orit<.
Petitioners m:int:in t8:t s?c8 inDrinCes to t8e
constit?tion:; provision oD sec. @, Dirst p:r., :rt. I019, oD t8e
constit?tion, >8ic8 st:tes t8:t 6no e;ective oDDici:; s8:;; 9e
Page 1" of 29
e;iCi9;e Dor :ppointment or desiCn:tion in :n< c:p:cit< to
:n< p?9;ic oDDicer or position d?rinC 8is ten?re,6 t8e
petitioners :;so contend t8:t conCress encro:c8es ?pon t8e
discretion:r< po>er oD t8e president to :ppoint.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not s:id provision oD t8e R.A. @((@
vio;:tes t8e constit?tion:; prescription :C:inst :ppointment
or desiCn:tion oD e;ective oDDici:;s to ot8er Covernment
posts.
4EL,: T8e co?rt 8e;d t8e constit?tion seeEs to prevent :
p?9;ic oDDicer to 8o;d m?;tip;e D?nctions since t8e< :re
:ccorded >it8 : p?9;ic oDDice t8:t is : D?;; time Go9 to ;et
t8em D?nction >it8o?t t8e distr:ction oD ot8er Covernment:;
d?ties. T8e conCress Cives t8e president t8e :ppointinC
:?t8orit< >8ic8 it c:nnot ;imit 9< providinC t8e condition
t8:t in t8e Dirst <e:r oD t8e oper:tion t8e m:<or oD O;onC:po
cit< s8:;; :ss?me t8e c8:irm:ns8ip. T8e co?rt points o?t
t8:t t8e :ppointinC :?t8orit< t8e conCress Cives to t8e
president is no po>er :t :;; :s it c?rt:i;s t8e riC8t oD t8e
president to eKercise discretion oD >8om to :ppoint 9<
;imitinC 8is c8oice.
In re E%uar%o Escala, +5 &CRA 1)1
FACTS: RESPON#ENT .AS APPOINTE# B, TE CO!RT
AS SC CIEF /!#ICIAL STAFF OFFICER, SEC!RIT,
#I$ISION, OAS ON /!L, 1=, ())&. IS APPLICATION
PAPERS SO. E AS E0PERIENCE AN# TRAININ"
AS A POLICE OFFICER, A$IN" BEEN EMPLO,E# AS
CIEF INSPECTOR OF TE PILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE 'PNP+ A$IATION SEC!RIT, "RO!P AT TE
TIME OF IS APPOINTMENT IN TE S!PREME CO!RT.
IMME#IATEL, !PON IS APPOINTMENT ON /!L, 1=,
())&, RESPON#ENT .AS ALLO.E# TO ASS!ME
OFFICE AN# PERFORM IS #!TIES, FOR REASONS OF
E0I"ENC, IN TE SER$ICE ALTO!" E AS ,ET
TO COMPL, .IT TE S!BMISSION OF ALL TE
#OC!MENTAR, RE3!IREMENTS FOR IS
APPOINTMENT. #!RIN" TE CO!RSE OF IS
EMPLO,MENT, AN ANON,MO!S LETTER REACE#
TE OAS REPORTIN" TE RESPON#ENTLS "ROSS
$IOLATION OF TE CI$IL SER$ICE LA. ON TE
PROIBITION A"AINST #!AL EMPLO,MENT AN#
#O!BLE COMPENSATION IN TE "O$ERNMENT
SER$ICE. TE LETTER ALLE"E# TAT RESPON#ENT
ACCEPTE# EMPLO,MENT, AN# T!S RECEI$E#
SALARIES AN# OTER BENEFITS, FROM TE CO!RT
AN# ALSO FROM TE PNP OF .IC E REMAINE#
AN ACTI$E MEMBER.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TERE .AS "ROSS
$IOLATION OF TE TE PROIBITION A"AINST #!AL
EMPLO,MENT 'AN# #O!BLE COMPENSATION+ IN
TE "O$ERNMENT SER$ICE.
EL#: ,ES. ALL CO!RT PERSONNEL O!"T TO LI$E
!P TO TE STRICTEST STAN#AR#S OF ONEST, AN#
INTE"RIT,, CONSI#ERIN" TAT TEIR POSITIONS
PRIMARIL, IN$OL$E SER$ICE TO TE P!BLIC. FOR
7NO.IN"L, AN# .ILLF!LL, TRANS"RESSIN" TE
PROIBITION ON #!AL EMPLO,MENT AN# #O!BLE
COMPENSATION, AS .ELL AS TE CO!RTLS R!LES
FOR ITS PERSONNEL ON CONFLICT OF INTEREST,
RESPON#ENT $IOLATE# TE TR!ST AN#
CONFI#ENCE REPOSE# ON IM B, TE CO!RT.
CONSI#ERIN" TE SENSITI$E AN# CONFI#ENTIAL
NAT!RE OF IS POSITION, TE CO!RT IS LEFT .IT
NO COICE B!T TO #ECLARE TE RESPON#ENT
"!ILT, OF "ROSS #ISONEST, AN# CON#!CT
PRE/!#ICIAL TO TE BEST INTEREST OF TE
SER$ICE, .IC ARE "RA$E OFFENSES P!NISE#
B, #ISMISSAL.
La Carlota Cit" v. Ro?o , GR 1.1+7, #) A1ril #01#
Sec. & Pro8i9itionsM Compens:tionM ForeiCn
"iDtOODDiceOTit;e
&e%usasta v. Munici1alit" oC &uri2ao < 7# 54IL. ).#
81()19
5eralta v. Mat3a" < . &CRA #(+ 61(717
FACTS: PERALTA .AS TE TR!STEE OF TE "SIS. E
.AS "RANTE# AN OPTIONAL RETIREMENT
"RAT!IT, OF P=)T. O.E$ER, E #I# NOT RECEI$E
S!MS PERTAININ" TO 1+ COLA, (+ INCENTI$E BON!S,
*+ CRISTMAS BON!S. S!C ITEMS .ERE NOT
PASSE# IN A!#IT, IN $IE. OF TE A!#ITOR
"ENERALLS FIN#IN" TAT TE, SO!L# BE
#E#!CTE# FROM IS "RAT!IT, BECA!SE TE,
PARTA7E TE NAT!RE OF A##ITIONAL
COMPENSATION. TE A!#ITOR "ENERAL AR"!ES
TAT TE TR!STEELS REM!NERATION IS FI0E# B,
LA. O P(- PER #IEM FOR E$ER, BOAR# MEETIN". AS
TO TE COLA, PERALTA AR"!ES TAT IT IS IN TE
NAT!RE OF REIMB!RSEMENT RATER TAN
A##ITIONAL COMPENSATION. E AR"!ES TAT TE
COLA IS AN ALLO.ANCE TO TA7E CARE OF E0PENSES
INC!RRE# B, AN OFFICIAL TO ENABLE IM TO
F!LFILL IS #!TIES.
ISS!E: IS PERALTA ENTITLE# TO TE OTER S!MSF
ARE TE, PROIBITE# COMPENSATIONF
EL#: TE CONSTIT!TION PRO$I#ES TAT NO
OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE OF TE "O$ERNMENT SALL
RECEI$E A##ITIONAL OR #O!BLE COMPENSATION
!NLESS SPECIFICALL, A!TORI4E# B, LA.. TIS IS
BECA!SE P!BLIC OFFICE IS A P!BLIC TR!ST. E IS
TERE TO REN#ER SER$ICE. E IS OF CO!RSE
ENTITLE# TO BE RE.AR#E# FOR TE
PERFORMANCE OF IS F!NCTIONS ENTR!STE# TO
IM, B!T TAT SO!L# NOT BE TE O$ERRI#IN"
CONSI#ERATION. T!S, AN OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE
OF TE "O$ERNMENT MA, RECEI$E ONL, S!C
COMPENSATION AS MA, BE FI0E# B, LA.. E IS NOT
E0PECTE# TO A$AIL IMSELF OF #E$IO!S OR
CIRC!ITO!S MEANS TO INCREASE TE
REM!NERATION ATTACE# TO IS POSITION. IT IS
AN ENTIREL, #IFFERENT MATTER IF TE
LE"ISLATI$E BO#, .O!L# ITSELF #ETERMINE FOR
REASONS SATISFACTOR, TO IT TAT E SO!L#
RECEI$E SOMETIN" MORE. IF IT .ERE SO, TERE
M!ST BE A LA. TO TAT EFFECT. AS A TR!STEE, E
IS AN OFFICER OF TE "O$ERNMENT, AS S!C
OFFICERM E CANNOT RECEI$E A##ITIONAL OR
#O!BLE COMPENSATION !NLESS SPECIFICALL,
A!TORI4E# B, LA.. AS TO TE COLA, E .AS
Page 1% of 29
!NABLE TO SO. TAT TE COLA RECEI$E# B, IM
.AS IN TE NAT!RE OF REIMB!RSEMENT. IT T!S
AMO!NTS TO A##ITIONAL COMPENSATION.
&antos v. CA < GR 'o. 1(7(#, 'ov. ##, #000
FACTS: SANTOS, AN APPOINTE# /!#"E OF TE METC
OF 3!E4ON CIT,, RETIRE# IN 1%%( AN# AC3!IRE#
IS RETIREMENT "RAT!IT, !N#ER RA %1). IN 1%%*,
E .AS APPOINTE# #IRECTOR III OF TE TRAFFIC
OPERATION CENTER OF TE MMA. IN 1%%-, TE MMA
.AS REOR"ANI4E# AN# RENAME# AS MM#A.
SANTOS, IN 1%%B, .AS $OL!NTARIL, SEPARATE#
FROM TE SER$ICE AN# .AS ENTITLE# TO
SEPARATION BENEFITS E3!I$ALENT TO 1 U
MONTL, SALAR, FOR E$ER, ,EAR OF SER$ICE AS
PRO$I#E# !N#ER SEC. 11 OF TE MM#A LA..
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT SANTIA"O IS ENTITLE# TO
A SEPARATION BENEFIT COMP!TE# FROM TE
,EARS OF SER$ICE AS METC /!#"E TO #IRECTOR III
BECA!SE TE RETIREMENT "RAT!IT, E RECEI$E#
!N#ER RA %1) IS NOT CONSI#ERE# AS #O!BLE
COMPENSATION.
EL#: TE RETIREMENT BENEFITS .IC
SANTIA"O A# RECEI$E# OR AS BEEN RECEI$IN",
!N#ER RA %1), #O NOT CONSTIT!TE #O!BLE
COMPENSATION. B!T, TO CRE#IT IS ,EARS OF
SER$ICE IN TE /!#ICIAR, IN TE COMP!TATION
OF IS SEPARATION PA, !N#ER RA @%(= .O!L# BE
TO CO!NTENANCE #O!BLE COMPENSATION FOR
E0ACTL, TE SAME SER$ICES.
Ca$ili v. C&C, GR 'o. 15+50, !une ##, #00+
FACTS: TE PETITIONERS APPEALE# RE"AR#IN"
TE CSC RESOL!TION TATLS STATES R!LE# TAT IT
IS ILLE"AL FOR AN, L.!A OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE
.O SITS AS A MEMBER OF TE BOAR# OF
#IRECTORS OF A .ATER #ISTRICT TO RECEI$E AN,
A##ITIONAL OR IN#IRECT COMPENSATION IN TE
FORM OF: 'A+ RATAM 'B+ EMEM 'C+ RICE ALLO.ANCE
AN# ME#ICALO#ENTAL BENEFITSM '#+ !NIFORM
ALLO.ANCEM AN#, 'E+ CRISTMAS BON!S, CAS "IFT
AN# PRO#!CTI$IT, INCENTI$E BON!S. TE CSC
RELIE# ON SECTION &, ARTICLE I0'B+ OF TE 1%&@
CONSTIT!TION .IC STATES TAT NO ELECTI$E
OR APPOINTI$E P!BLIC OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE
SALL RECEI$E A##ITIONAL, #O!BLE, OR IN#IRECT
COMPENSATION, !NLESS SPECIFICALL, A!TORI4E#
B, LA.
ISS!E: .ON TE CO!RT OF APPEALS SERIO!SL,
ERRE# .EN IT R!LE# TO #EN, TE "RANT OF
CERTAIN ALLO.ANCES AN# BENEFITS TO L.!A1
#ESI"NATE# REPRESENTATI$ES TO TE BOAR#S OF
.ATER #ISTRICTS.
EL#: TE CO!RT R!LE# TAT ALL ALLO.ANCES
AN# BENEFITS, OTER TAN PER #IEMS, ARE
PROIBITE# TO #IRECTORS OF .ATER #ISTRICTS
TE COMPENSATION OF #IRECTORS OF .ATER
#ISTRICTS IS "O$ERNE# B, SECTION 1* OF P.#. NO.
1%&, AS AMEN#E#, .IC REA#S: SEC. 1*.
COMPENSATION. 1 EAC #IRECTOR SALL RECEI$E A
PER #IEM, TO BE #ETERMINE# B, TE BOAR#, FOR
EAC MEETIN" OF TE BOAR# ACT!ALL, ATTEN#E#
B, IM, B!T NO #IRECTOR SALL RECEI$E PER
#IEMS IN AN, "I$EN MONT IN E0CESS OF TE
E3!I$ALENT OF TE TOTAL PER #IEMS OF FO!R
MEETIN"S IN AN, "I$EN MONT. NO #IRECTOR
SALL RECEI$E OTER COMPENSATION FOR
SER$ICES TO TE #ISTRICT.
-en2uet &tate 0niversit" v. Coltin2, GR 'o. 1+(+7,
!une ., #007
FACTS: A PETITION FOR RE$IE. ON CERTIORARI IS
FILE# B, PETITIONER BEN"!ET STATE !NI$ERSIT,
'BS!+ SEE7IN" TO N!LLIF, COMMISSION ON A!#IT
'COA+ #ECISION NO. ())*111( AN# #ECISION NO.
())-1)1%. #ECISION NO. ()))1*, #ISALLO.IN" TE
RICE S!BSI#, AN# EALT CARE ALLO.ANCE TO
TE EMPLO,EES OF BS!, .ILE COA #ECISION ())-1
)1% #ENIE# BS!HS MOTION FOR RECONSI#ERATION.
CON"RESS PASSE# REP!BLIC ACT NO. &(%(
ENTITLE# AN ACT PRO$I#IN" FOR TE !NIFORM
COMPOSITION AN# PO.ERS OF TE "O$ERNIN"
BOAR#S, TE MANNER OF APPOINTMENT AN# TERM
OF OFFICE OF TE PRESI#ENT OF CARTERE# STATE
!NI$ERSITIES AN# COLLE"ES, AN# FOR OTER
P!RPOSES, COMMONL, 7NO.N AS TE I"ER
E#!CATION MO#ERNI4ATION ACT OF 1%%@.
P!RS!ANT TO SECTION = '#+ OF TE SAI# LA., TE
BOAR# OF RE"ENTS OF BS! PASSE# AN# APPRO$E#
BOAR# RESOL!TION NO. @%= ON OCTOBER *1, 1%%@,
"RANTIN" RICE S!BSI#, AN# EALT CARE
ALLO.ANCE TO BS!LS EMPLO,EES. TE S!MS .ERE
TA7EN FROM TE INCOME #ERI$E# FROM TE
OPERATIONS OF BS! AN# .ERE "I$EN TO TE
EMPLO,EES AT #IFFERENT PERIO#S IN 1%%&. BS!
RE3!ESTE# TE LIFTIN" OF TE #ISALLO.ANCE
.IT TE COA RE"IONAL OFFICE B!T IT .AS
#ENIE# IN COA1CAR #ECISION NO. ()))1* #ATE#
/AN!AR, (B, ())).
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT COA ERRE# IN
#ISALLO.IN" RICE S!BSI#, AN# EALT CARE
ALLO.ANCE TO BS!LS EMPLO,EES
EL#: NO. SECTION &, ARTICLE I01B OF TE 1%&@
CONSTIT!TION, IS CLEAR TAT: NO ELECTI$E OR
APPOINTI$E P!BLIC OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE SALL
RECEI$E A##ITIONAL, #O!BLE OR IN#IRECT
COMPENSATION, !NLESS SPECIFICALL,
A!TORI4E# B, LA., NOR ACCEPT .ITO!T TE
CONSENT OF CON"RESS, AN, PRESENT,
EMOL!MENT, OFFICE OR TITLE OF AN, 7IN# FROM
AN, FOREI"N "O$ERNMENT. PENSIONS OR
"RAT!ITIES SALL NOT BE CONSI#ERE# AS
A##ITIONAL, #O!BLE OR IN#IRECT COMPENSATION.
TE "!ARANTEE# ACA#EMIC FREE#OM #OES NOT
"RANT AN INSTIT!TION OF I"ER LEARNIN"
!NBRI#LE# A!TORIT, TO #ISB!RSE ITS F!N#S
AN# "RANT A##ITIONAL BENEFITS SANS STAT!TOR,
BASIS. !NFORT!NATEL, FOR BS!, IT FAILE# TO
PRESENT AN, SO!N# LE"AL BASIS TAT .O!L#
/!STIF, TE "RANT OF TESE A##ITIONAL
BENEFITS TO ITS EMPLO,EES.
Page 1& of 29
4errera, et al v. '5C, GR 'o. 1++570, ,ecem$er 1.,
#00(
FACTS: TIS IS A PETITION FOR RE$IE. ON
CERTIORARI !N#ER R!LE =- OF TE R!LES OF
CO!RT ON A P!RE 3!ESTION OF LA. A"AINST TE
#ECISION REN#ERE# B, TE RE"IONAL TRIAL
CO!RT 'FOR #ECLARATOR, RELIEF+ ENTITLE#
NATIONAL PO.ER CORPORATION $. NAPOCOR
EMPLO,EES AN# .OR7ERS !NION 'NE.!+,
NAPOCOR EMPLO,EES CONSOLI#ATE# !NION
'NEC!+, NPC E0EC!TI$E OFFICERS ASSOCIATION,
INC. 'NPC1E0A+, ESTER "AL$E4 AN# EFREN
ERRERA, FOR AN# ON TEIR BEALF AN# IN
BEALF OF OTER SEPARATE#, !NREIRE#, AN#
RETIRE# EMPLO,EES OF TE NATIONAL PO.ER
CORPORATION, TE #EPARTMENT OF B!#"ET AN#
MANA"EMENT '#BM+, TE OFFICE OF TE
SOLICITOR "ENERAL 'OS"+, TE CI$IL SER$ICE
COMMISSION 'CSC+ AN# TE COMMISSION ON A!#IT
'COA+. SAI# #ECISION R!LE# TAT TE
PETITIONERS ARE NOT ENTITLE# TO RECEI$E
RETIREMENT BENEFITS !N#ER COMMON.EALT
ACT NO. 1&B 'CA NO. 1&B+, AS AMEN#E#, O$ER AN#
ABO$E TE SEPARATION BENEFITS TE, RECEI$E#
!N#ER REP!BLIC ACT 'RA+ NO. %1*B, OTER.ISE
7NO.N AS TE ELECTRIC PO.ER IN#!STR,
REFORM ACT OF ())1 'EPIRA+.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE PETITIONERS,
FORMER EMPLO,EES OF TE NATIONAL PO.ER
CORPORATION 'NPC+ .O .ERE SEPARATE# FROM
SER$ICE #!E TO TE "O$ERNMENTLS INITIATI$E OF
RESTR!CT!RIN" TE ELECTRIC PO.ER IN#!STR,,
ARE ENTITLE# TO TEIR RETIREMENT BENEFITS IN
A##ITION TO TE SEPARATION PA, "RANTE# B,
LA..
EL#: NO. SECTION & OF ARTICLE I0 'B+ OF TE
CONSTIT!TION PRO$I#ES TAT 2NO ELECTI$E OR
APPOINTI$E P!BLIC OFFICER OR EMPLO,EE SALL
RECEI$E A##ITIONAL, #O!BLE, OR IN#IRECT
COMPENSATION, !NLESS SPECIFICALL, A!TORI4E#
B, LA. . TERE M!ST BE A CLEAR AN#
!NE3!I$OCAL STAT!TOR, PRO$ISION TO /!STIF,
TE "RANT OF BOT SEPARATION PA, AN#
RETIREMENT BENEFITS TO AN EMPLO,EE. ERE,
ABSENT AN E0PRESS PRO$ISION OF LA., TE "RANT
OF BOT SEPARATION AN# RETIREMENT BENEFITS
.O!L# AMO!NT TO #O!BLE COMPENSATION FROM
ONE SIN"LE ACT OF SEPARATION FROM
EMPLO,MENT.
'EA v. C&C < +11 &CRA 1) 8#0109
Ea1 v. COA < +1( &CRA 15) 8#0109
&er2io I. Car$onilla, et al v. -oar% oC Airlines, GR
1(#)7
FACTS: BAR has complained of being required to shoulder the
overtime pay of Customs, Immigration and Quarantine Personnel
at the AIA!
Part of the ruling of the )* is that +))P onl,
authori-ed .a,ent of additional co.ensation
for overtie wor/, and thus, the .a,ent of
traveling and eal allowances are
unconstitutional and could not 0e enforced
against 1*R e0ers.
ISSUE: "hether the Court of Appeals #as correct$
RULING: Contrary to the ruling of the Court of Appeals, B%C
employees rendering overtime services are not receiving double
compensation for the overtime pay, travel and meal allo#ances! It
provides that the rates shall not be less than that prescribed by la#
to be paid to employees of private enterprise! &he overtime pay,
travel and meal allo#ances are payment for additional #or'
rendered after regular office hours and do not constitute double
compensation prohibited under (ection ), Article I* of the +,)-
Constitution as they are in fact authori.ed by la#!
OCCice oC t3e 5resi%ent v. -oar% oC Airlines, GR
1()#7+, 1) &e1tem$er #011
5EDA @. COA < +75 &CRA 518#01#9
*AC/&: T8e PE4A Bo:rd oD #irectors is composed oD 1*
mem9ers >8ic8 inc;?de t8e !ndersecret:ries oD t8e
#ep:rtment oD Fin:nce, t8e #ep:rtment oD L:9or :nd
Emp;o<ment, t8e #ep:rtment oD t8e Interior :nd Loc:;
"overnment, t8e #ep:rtment oD Environment :nd N:t?r:;
Reso?rces, t8e #ep:rtment oD ACric?;t?re, t8e #ep:rtment
oD P?9;ic .orEs :nd iC8>:<s, t8e #ep:rtment oD Science
:nd Tec8no;oC< :nd t8e #ep:rtment oD EnerC<. S:id
!ndersecret:ries serve in eK oDDicio c:p:cit< :nd >ere
Cr:nted per diems 9< PE4A Dor ever< :ttend:nce in : 9o:rd
meetinC.
I&&0E: #oes t8e PE4A 8:ve ;eC:; 9:sis in Cr:ntinC per
diems to t8e ex officio mem9ers oD its Bo:rdF
4EL,: No. T8e ;:cE oD ;eC:; 9:sis to Cr:nt per diems to ex
officio mem9ers oD t8e PE4A Bo:rd, inc;?dinC t8eir
represent:tives, 8:s :;re:d< 9een sett;ed 9< no ;ess t8:n t8e
Co?rt En B:nc in t8e c:se oD Bitonio, /r. >8ere >e 8e;d t8:t
t8e :mend:tor< ;:>, R.A. No. &@=&, p?rpose;< de;eted t8e
;:st p:r:Cr:p8 oD Section 11 oD R.A. No. @%1B t8:t :?t8oriIed
t8e Cr:nt oD per diems to PE4A Bo:rd mem9ers :s it >:s in
conD;ict >it8 t8e proscription ;:id do>n in t8e 1%&@
Constit?tion.
,ima2i$a v. Es1artero < +7+ &CRA )#0 8#01#9
C. Commission on Elections
Section 1. CompositionM 3?:;iDic:tionsM Term
Ca"etano v. Monso%, #01 &CRA #10 61((17
FACTS: RESPON#ENT CRISTIAN MONSO# .AS
NOMINATE# B, PRESI#ENT CORA4ON C. A3!INO TO
TE POSITION OF CAIRMAN OF TE COMELEC.
PETITIONER OPPOSE# TE NOMINATION BECA!SE
ALLE"E#L, MONSO# #OES NOT POSSESS TE
RE3!IRE# 3!ALIFICATION OF A$IN" BEEN
EN"A"E# IN TE PRACTICE OF LA. FOR AT LEAST
Page 1' of 29
TEN ,EARS. CALLEN"IN" TE $ALI#IT, OF TE
CONFIRMATION B, TE COMMISSION ON
APPOINTMENTS OF MONSO#HS NOMINATION,
PETITIONER AS A CITI4EN AN# TA0PA,ER, FILE# TE
INSTANT PETITION FOR CERTIORARI AN#
PROIBITION PRA,IN" TAT SAI# CONFIRMATION
AN# TE CONSE3!ENT APPOINTMENT OF MONSO#
AS CAIRMAN OF TE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
BE #ECLARE# N!LL AN# $OI#.
ISS!E: .AT #OES PEN"A"E# IN TE PRACTICE OF
LA. PMEAN AS A 3!ALIFICATION FOR TE
CAIRMAN OF COMELEC
EL#: IT MEANS TO EN"A"E IN AN, ACTI$IT,, OR
O!T OF CO!RT, .IC RE3!IRES TE APPLICATION
OF LA., LE"AL PROCE#!RE, 7NO.LE#"E, TRAININ"
AN# E0PERIENCE. ATT,. CRISTIAN MONSO# IS A
MEMBER OF TE PILIPPINE BAR, A$IN" PASSE#
TE BAR E0AMINATIONS OF 1%B) .IT A "RA#E OF
&B1--T. E AS BEEN #!ES PA,IN" MEMBER OF TE
INTE"RATE# BAR OF TE PILIPPINES SINCE ITS
INCEPTION IN 1%@(1@*. E AS ALSO BEEN PA,IN"
IS PROFESSIONAL LICENSE FEES AS LA.,ER FOR
MORE TAN TEN ,EARS. MOREO$ER, IN TE
INSTANT CASE, MONSO# A# BEEN CONFIRME# B,
COA AN# TE AR"!MENT .AS !SE# TAT TERE
.AS NO AB!SE OF #ISCRETION IN TE
CONFIRMATION. T!S, ONL, .ERE S!C "RA$E
AB!SE OF #ISCRETION IS CLEARL, SO.N SALL
TE CO!RT INTERFERE .IT TE COMMISSIONHS
/!#"MENT.
-rillantes v. Eorac, 1(# &CRA 5. 61((07
FACTS: RESPON#ENT, AS ASSOCIATE COMELEC
CAIRMAN, .AS APPOINTE# B, TE PRESI#ENT AS
CAIRMAN TEREOF, REPLACIN" FORMER
CAIRMAN ILARIO #A$I#E, TE FORMER
CAIRMAN .AS APPOINTE# TO TE FACT1FIN#IN"
COMMISSION RE"AR#IN" TE #ECEMBER 1%&% CO!P
#E ETAT. PETITIONER MO$E# FOR ER REMO$AL,
STATIN" TAT ER APPOINTMENT .AS CONTRAR,
TO ARTICLE I01C, SECTION 1'(+ OF TE
1%&@CONSTIT!TION, .ERE 2IN NO CASE SALL AN,
MEMBER 'OF TE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS+ BE
APPOINTE# OR #ESI"NATE# IN A TEMPORAR, OR
ACTIN" CAPACIT,.6
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE RESPON#ENTLS
APPOINTMENT AS CAIRMAN IN TE CASE AT BAR,
!NCONSTIT!TIONAL
EL#: ,ES. ARTICLE I01A SECTION 1 OF TE
CONSTIT!TION E0PRESSL, PRO$I#ES FOR TE
IN#EPEN#ENCE OF TE CONSTIT!TIONAL
COMMISSIONS FROM TE E0EC!TI$E #EPARTMENTM
TIS MEANS TAT TE, ARE "O$ERNE# B, TE
CONSTIT!TION ITSELF AN# CANNOT BE !N#ER TE
CONTROL OF TE PRESI#ENT.
Mati$a2 v. -eni1a"o, .0 &CRA )(
FACTS: ON FEBR!AR, 1%%%, PETITIONER MATIBA"
.AS APPOINTE# ACTIN" #IRECTOR I$ OF TE
COMELECLS EI# B, TEN COMELEC CAIRPERSON
ARRIET #EMETRIO! IN A TEMPORAR, CAPACIT,.
ON MARC ())1, RESPON#ENT BENIPA,O .AS
APPOINTE# COMELEC CAIRMAN TO"ETER .IT
OTER COMMISSIONERS IN AN A# INTERIM
APPOINTMENT. .ILE ON S!C A# INTERIM
APPOINTMENT, RESPON#ENT BENIPA,O IN IS
CAPACIT, AS CAIRMAN ISS!E# A MEMORAN#!M
A##RESS TRANSFERRIN" PETITIONER TO TE LA.
#EPARTMENT. PETITIONER RE3!ESTE# BENIPA,O
TO RECONSI#ER ER RELIEF AS #IRECTOR I$ OF TE
EI# AN# ER REASSI"NMENT TO TE LA.
#EPARTMENT. SE CITE# CI$IL SER$ICE
COMMISSION MEMORAN#!M CIRC!LAR NO. @ #ATE#
APRIL 1), ())1, REMIN#IN" EA#S OF "O$ERNMENT
OFFICES TAT 6TRANSFER AN# #ETAIL OF
EMPLO,EES ARE PROIBITE# #!RIN" TE
ELECTION PERIO#. BENIPA,O #ENIE# ER RE3!EST
FOR RECONSI#ERATION ON APRIL 1&, ())1, CITIN"
COMELEC RESOL!TION NO. **)) #ATE# NO$EMBER
B, ())), E0EMPTIN" COMELEC FROM TE CO$ERA"E
OF TE SAI# MEMO CIRC!LAR. PETITIONER
APPEALE# TE #ENIAL OF ER RE3!EST FOR
RECONSI#ERATION TO TE COMELEC EN BANC. SE
ALSO FILE# AN A#MINISTRATI$E AN# CRIMINAL
COMPLAINT .IT TE LA. #EPARTMENT A"AINST
BENIPA,O, ALLE"IN" TAT ER REASSI"NMENT
$IOLATE# SECTION (B1 '+OF TE OMNIB!S
ELECTION CO#E, COMELEC RESOL!TION NO. *(-&,
CI$IL SER$ICE MEMORAN#!M CIRC!LAR NO. )@, S.
))1, AN# OTER PERTINENT A#MINISTRATI$E AN#
CI$IL SER$ICE LA.S, R!LES AN# RE"!LATIONS.
#!RIN" TE PEN#ENC, OF ER COMPLAINT BEFORE
TE LA. #EPARTMENT, PETITIONER FILE# TE
INSTANT PETITION 3!ESTIONIN" TE
APPOINTMENT AN# TE RI"T TO REMAIN IN
OFFICE OF BENIPA,O, BORRA AN# T!ASON, AS
CAIRMAN AN# COMMISSIONERS OF TE COMELEC,
RESPECTI$EL,. PETITIONER CLAIMS TAT TE A#
INTERIM APPOINTMENTS OF BENIPA,O, BORRA AN#
T!ASON $IOLATE TE CONSTIT!TIONAL PRO$ISIONS
ON TE IN#EPEN#ENCE OF TE COMELEC.
ISS!E: .ETERAPPOINTMENTS OR NOT TE
ASS!MPTION OF OFFICE B, BENIPA,O, BORRA AN#
T!ASON ON TE BASIS OF TE A# INTERIM ISS!E#
B, TE PRESI#ENT AMO!NTS TO A TEMPORAR,
APPOINTMENT PROIBITE# B, SECTION 1 '(+,
ARTICLE I01C OF TE CONSTIT!TION
EL#: .E FIN# PETITIONERLS AR"!MENT .ITO!T
MERIT. AN A# INTERIM APPOINTMENT IS A
PERMANENT APPOINTMENT BECA!SE IT TA7ES
EFFECT IMME#IATEL, AN# CAN NO LON"ER BE
.IT#RA.N B, TE PRESI#ENT ONCE TE
APPOINTEE AS 3!ALIFIE# INTO OFFICE. TE FACT
TAT IT IS S!B/ECT TO CONFIRMATION B, TE
COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENTS #OES NOT ALTER
ITS PERMANENT CARACTER. TE CONSTIT!TION
ITSELF MA7ES AN A# INTERIM APPOINTMENT
PERMANENT IN CARACTER B, MA7IN" IT
EFFECTI$E !NTIL #ISAPPRO$E# B, TE
COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENTS OR !NTIL TE
NE0T A#/O!RNMENT OF CON"RESS.
Page 1$ of 29
Section (. Po>ers :nd F?nctions
Administr:tive Po>er
AlCia%o v. Comelec, GR 1)17.7, &e1tem$er 1., #000
Colum$res v. Comelec, GR 1)#0.,&e1tem$er 1.,
#000
&a3ali v. Comelec, GR 1)1+(, *e$ruar" #, #000
Clau%io v. Comelec, GR 1)05+0, Ma" ), #000
,e Gu>man v. Comelec, GR 1#(11., !ul" 1(, #000
&ocial =eat3er &tation, Inc v. COMELEC, GR 'O.
1)7571, Ma" 5, #001
InCormation /ec3nolo2" *oun%ation v. Comelec,
GR 15(1(, !an 1, #00)
FACTS: C%/010C implemented moderni.ation program for the
2334 elections! In 2335, C%/010C issued an Invitation to
Apply for Eligibility and to Bid! &he petitioners #rote a letter to
C%/010C Chairman Abalos that they protested the a#ard of the
Contract to /PC due to glaring irregularities in the manner in
#hich the bidding process had been conducted! &hey sought a re6
bidding!
ISSUE: "hether the C%/010C, the agency vested #ith the
e7clusive constitutional mandate to oversee elections, gravely
abused its discretion #hen, in the e7ercise of its administrative
functions, it a#arded to /PC the contract for the second phase of
the comprehensive Automated 0lection (ystem$
RULING: EE&. In vie> oD t8e 9iddinC process, t8e soDt>:re
t8:t >:s t8e s?9Gect oD t8e Contr:ct >:s sti;; to 9e cre:ted
:nd co?;d conceiv:9;< ?nderCo inn?mer:9;e c8:nCes 9eDore
9einC considered :s 9einC in Din:; Dorm. In vie> oD :>:rdinC
oD contr:ct, COMELEC 8:d no 9:sis :t :;; Dor determininC
t8:t t8e :;;eCed consorti?m re:;;< eKisted :nd >:s e;iCi9;e
:nd J?:;iDiedM :nd t8:t t8e :rr:nCements :monC t8e
mem9ers >ere s:tisD:ctor< :nd s?DDicient to ens?re de;iver<
on t8e Contr:ct :nd to protect t8e CovernmentHs interest.
-uac v. Comelec, )#1 &CRA (#
FACTS: TE COMELEC CON#!CTE# A PLEBISCITE IN
TA"!I", METRO MANILA ON TE CON$ERSION OF
TIS M!NICIPALIT, INTO A I"L, !RBANI4E# CIT,
AS MAN#ATE# B, REP!BLIC ACT NO. &=&@ TE
PLEBISCITE BOAR# OF CAN$ASSERS 'PBOC+,
.ITO!T COMPLETIN" TE CAN$ASS OF SI0T,1
FO!R 'B=+ OTER ELECTION RET!RNS, #ECLARE#
TAT TE 2NO $OTES .ON, IN#ICATIN" TAT TE
PEOPLE RE/ECTE# TE CON$ERSION OF TA"!I"
INTO A CIT,. ALLE"IN" TAT FRA!# AN#
IRRE"!LARITIES ATTEN#E# TE CASTIN" AN#
CO!NTIN" OF $OTES, PRI$ATE RESPON#ENTS, FILE#
.IT TE COMELEC A PETITION SEE7IN" TE
ANN!LMENT OF TE ANNO!NCE# RES!LTS OF TE
PLEBISCITE .IT A PRA,ER FOR RE$ISION AN#
RECO!NT OF TE BALLOTS. TE COMELEC TREATE#
TE PETITION AS AN ELECTION PROTEST.
PETITIONER INTER$ENE# IN TE CASE. E TEN
FILE# A MOTION TO #ISMISS TE PETITION ON TE
"RO!N# TAT TE COMELEC AS NO /!RIS#ICTION
O$ER AN ACTION IN$OL$IN" TE CON#!CT OF A
PLEBISCITE
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE COMELEC "RA$EL,
AB!SE# ITS #ISCRETION.
EL#: PETITIONS #ISMISSE# FOR LAC7 OF MERIT.
TE ABO$E FACT!AL FIN#IN"S OF TE COMELEC
S!PPORTE# B, E$I#ENCE, ARE ACCOR#E#, NOT
ONL, RESPECT, B!T FINALIT,. TIS IS SO BECA!SE
2TE CON#!CT OF PLEBISCITE AN#
#ETERMINATION OF ITS RES!LT A$E AL.A,S BEEN
TE B!SINESS OF TE COMELEC AN# NOT TE
RE"!LAR CO!RTS, TE ACTS, TEREFORE, EN/O,
TE PRES!MPTION OF RE"!LARIT, IN TE
PERFORMANCE OF OFFICIAL #!TIES.
Ca1alla v. COMELEC < +7 &CRA 1 8#01#9
*AC/&: Come;ec :nd Sm:rtm:tic1TIM entered into :
Contr:ct Dor t8e Provision oD :n A?tom:ted E;ection S<stem.
T8e contr:ct 9et>een t8e Come;ec :nd Sm:rtm:tic1TIM
>:s one oD P;e:se oD t8e AES >it8 option to p?rc8:se 'OTP+
t8e Coods ;isted in t8e contr:ct.R In s:id contr:ct, t8e
Come;ec >:s Civen ?nti; #ecem9er *1, ()1) >it8in >8ic8 to
eKercise t8e option. Sm:rtm:tic1TIM, t8ro?C8 its C8:irm:n
F;ores, proposed : tempor:r< eKtension oD t8e option period
on t8e rem:ininC PCOS m:c8ines, >:ivinC t8e stor:Ce costs
:nd coverinC t8e m:inten:nce costs. T8e Come;ec did not
eKercise t8e option >it8in t8e eKtended period, sever:;
eKtensions >ere Civen. Come;ec iss?ed : Reso;?tion
reso;vinC to :ccept Sm:rtm:tic1TIM5s oDDer :nd to :?t8oriIe
C8:irm:n Bri;;:ntes to siCn Dor :nd on 9e8:;D oD t8e
Come;ec t8e ACreement on t8e EKtension oD t8e OTP ?nder
t8e AES Contr:ct 'EKtension ACreement+. Come;ec :C:in
iss?ed : Reso;?tion reso;vinC to :pprove t8e #eed oD S:;e
9et>een t8e Come;ec :nd Sm:rtm:tic1TIM :nd to :?t8oriIe
C8:irm:n Bri;;:ntes to siCn t8e #eed oD S:;e Dor :nd on
9e8:;D oD t8e Come;ec. T8e #eed oD S:;e >:s Dort8>it8
eKec?ted.
ISSUE: 2hether or not there was grave a0use
of discretion aounting to lac/ or excess of
jurisdiction on the .art of the )oelec in
issuing the assailed Resolutions and in
executing the assailed 3xtension *greeent
and #eed.
4EL,: No. A re:dinC oD t8e ot8er provisions oD t8e AES
contr:ct >o?;d s8o> t8:t t8e p:rties :re Civen t8e riC8t to
:mend t8e contr:ct >8ic8 m:< inc;?de t8e period >it8in
>8ic8 to eKercise t8e option. T8ere is, ;iEe>ise, no
pro8i9ition on t8e eKtension oD t8e period, provided t8:t t8e
contr:ct is sti;; eDDective. ConseJ?ent;<, p?rs?:nt to Artic;e
1% oD t8e contr:ct, t8e provisions t8ereoD m:< sti;; 9e
:mended 9< m?t?:; :Creement oD t8e p:rties provided s:id
:mendment is in >ritinC :nd siCned 9< t8e p:rties.
ConsiderinC, 8o>ever, t8:t t8e AES contr:ct is not :n
ordin:r< contr:ct :s it invo;ves proc?rement 9< :
Covernment :Cenc<, t8e riC8ts :nd o9;iC:tions oD t8e p:rties
Page 19 of 29
:re Coverned not on;< 9< t8e Civi; Code 9?t :;so 9< RA
%1&=.
E;ection Contests
*lores v. COMELEC < 1.) &CRA ).) 81((09
FACTS: PETITIONER RO3!E FLORES .AS #ECLARE#
B, TE BOAR# OF CAN$ASSERS AS A$IN" TE
I"EST N!MBER OF $OTES FOR 7A"A.A# ON TE
MARC 1%&% ELECTIONS, IN BARAN"A, POBLACION,
TA,!M, ABRA, AN# T!S PROCLAIME# P!NON"
BARAN"A, IN ACCOR#ANCE .IT SECTION - OF R.A.
BB@%. O.E$ER, IS ELECTION .AS PROTESTE# B,
PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT RAPISORA, .O PLACE#
SECON# IN TE ELECTION .IT ONE $OTE LESS
TAN TE PETITIONER. TE M!NICIPAL CIRC!IT
TRIAL CO!RT OF TA,!M S!STAINE# RAPISORA AN#
INSTALLE# IM AS P!NON" BARAN"A, IN PLACE OF
TE PETITIONER AFTER #E#!CTIN" T.O $OTES AS
STRA, FROM TE LATTERLS TOTAL. FLORES
APPEALE# TO TE RTC, .IC AFFIRME# TE
CALLEN"E# #ECISION IN TOTO. TE /!#"E
A"REE# TAT TE FO!R $OTES CAST FOR 2FLORES
ONL,, .ITO!T AN, #ISTIN"!ISIN" FIRST NAME
OR INITIAL, SO!L# ALL A$E BEEN CONSI#ERE#
IN$ALI# INSTEA# OF BEIN" #I$I#E# E3!ALL,
BET.EEN TE PETITIONER AN# ANASTACIO FLORES,
ANOTER CAN#I#ATE FOR 7A"A.A#. TE TOTAL
CRE#ITE# TO TE PETITIONER .AS CORRECTL,
RE#!CE# B, (, #EMOTIN" IM TO SECON# PLACE.
TE PETITIONER .ENT TO TE COMELEC, .IC
#ISMISSE# IS APPEAL ON TE "RO!N# TAT IT
A# NO PO.ER TO RE$IE. TE #ECISION OF TE
RTC, BASE# ON SECTION % OF R.A. BB@%, TAT
#ECISIONS OF TE RTC IN A PROTEST APPEALE# TO
IT FROM TE M!NICIPAL TRIAL CO!RT IN BARAN"A,
ELECTIONS 2ON 3!ESTIONS OF FACT SALL BE
FINAL AN# NON1APPEALABLE . IN IS PETITION FOR
CERTIORARI, TE COMELEC IS FA!LTE# FOR NOT
TA7IN" CO"NI4ANCE OF TE PETITIONERS APPEAL.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE #ECISIONS OF
M!NICIPAL OR METROPOLITAN CO!RTS IN
BARAN"A, ELECTION CONTESTS ARE S!B/ECT TO
TE E0CL!SI$E APPELLATE /!RIS#ICTION OF TE
COMELEC CONSI#ERIN" SECTION % OF R.A. NO. BB@%
EL#: TE #ISMISSAL OF TE APPEAL IS /!STIFIE#,
B!T ON AN ENTIREL, #IFFERENT AN# MORE
SI"NIFICANT "RO!N#, TO .IT, ARTICLE I01C,
SECTION ('(+ OF TE CONSTIT!TION, PRO$I#IN"
TAT TE COMELEC SALL 2E0ERCISE E0CL!SI$E
ORI"INAL /!RIS#ICTION O$ER ALL CONTESTS
RELATIN" TO TE ELECTIONS, RET!RNS AN#
3!ALIFICATIONS OF ALL ELECTI$E RE"IONAL,
PRO$INCIAL, AN# CIT, OFFICIALS, AN# APPELLATE
/!RIS#ICTION O$ER ALL CONTESTS IN$OL$IN"
ELECTI$E M!NICIPAL OFFICIALS #ECI#E# B, TRIAL
CO!RTS OF "ENERAL /!RIS#ICTION, OR IN$OL$IN"
ELECTI$E BARAN"A, OFFICIALS #ECI#E# B, TRIAL
CO!RTS OF LIMITE# /!RIS#ICTION . M!NICIPAL OR
METROPOLITAN CO!RTS BEIN" CO!RTS OF LIMITE#
/!RIS#ICTION, TEIR #ECISIONS IN BARAN"A,
ELECTION CONTESTS ARE S!B/ECT TO TE
E0CL!SI$E APPELLATE /!RIS#ICTION OF TE
COMELEC !N#ER TE AFORE13!OTE# SECTION.
ENCE, TE #ECISION REN#ERE# B, TE
M!NICIPAL CIRC!IT TRIAL CO!RT, SO!L# A$E
BEEN APPEALE# #IRECTL, TO TE COMELEC AN#
NOT TO TE RTC. ACCOR#IN"L,, SECTION % OF REP.
ACT NO. BB@%, INSOFAR AS IT PRO$I#ES TAT TE
#ECISION OF TE M!NICIPAL OR METROPOLITAN
CO!RT IN A BARAN"A, ELECTION CASE SO!L# BE
APPEALE# TO TE RTC, M!ST BE #ECLARE#
!NCONSTIT!TIONAL.
Gali%o v. COMELEC < 1( &CRA 7. 81((19
FACTS: "ALI#O AN# PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT "ALEON
.ERE CAN#I#ATES #!RIN" TE /AN!AR,1%&&
LOCAL ELECTIONS FOR MA,OR OF "ARCIA1
ERNAN#E4, BOOL. PETITIONER .AS PROCLAIME#
TE #!L,1ELECTE# MA,OR. PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT
FILE# AN ELECTION PROTEST BEFORE TE RTC.
AFTER EARIN", TE SAI# CO!RT !PEL# TE
PROCLAMATION OF PETITIONER. PRI$ATE
RESPON#ENT APPEALE# TE RTC #ECISION TO TE
COMELEC. ITS FIRST #I$ISION RE$ERSE# TE RTC
#ECISION AN# #ECLARE# PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT
TE #!L,1ELECTE# MA,OR. AFTER TE COMELEC
EN BANC #ENIE# TE PETITIONERLS MOTION FOR
RECONSI#ERATION AN# AFFIRME# TE #ECISION
OF ITS FIRST #I$ISION. TE COMELEC EL# TAT
TE FIFTEEN '1-+BALLOTS IN TE SAME PRECINCT
CONTAININ" TE INITIAL 2C AFTER TE NAME
2"ALI#O .ERE MAR7E# BALLOTS AN#,
TEREFORE, IN$ALI#. !N#A!NTE# B, IS
PRE$IO!S FAILE# ACTIONS TE PETITIONER FILE#
TE PRESENT PETITION FOR CERTIORARI AN#
IN/!NCTION BEFORE TE S!PREME CO!RT AN#
S!CCEE#E# IN "ETTIN" A TEMPORAR,
RESTRAININ" OR#ER. IN IS COMMENT TO TE
PETITION, PRI$ATE RESPON#ENT MO$E# FOR
#ISMISSAL, CITIN" ARTICLE I0 'C+, SECTION ('(+,
PARA"RAP ( OF TE 1%&@ CONSTIT!TION, TAT
2FINAL #ECISIONS, OR#ERS OR R!LIN"S OF TE
COMELEC IN ELECTION CONTESTS IN$OL$IN"
ELECTI$E M!NICIPAL OFFICES ARE FINAL AN#
E0EC!TOR,, AN# NOT APPEALABLE.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT A COMELEC #ECISION
MA,, IF IT SETS ASI#E TE TRIAL CO!RTLS #ECISION
IN$OL$IN" MAR7E# BALLOTS, BE BRO!"T TO TE
S!PREME CO!RT B, A PETITION FOR CERTIORARI B,
TE A""RIE$E# PART,
EL#: TE FACT TAT #ECISIONS, FINAL OR#ERS OR
R!LIN"S OF TE COMELEC IN CONTESTS IN$OL$IN"
ELECTI$E M!NICIPAL AN# BARAN"A, OFFICES ARE
FINAL, E0EC!TOR, AN# NOT APPEALABLE, #OES
NOT PRECL!#E RECO!RSE TO TIS CO!RT B, .A,
OF A SPECIAL CI$IL ACTION OF CERTIORARI. !N#ER
ARTICLE I0 'A+, SECTION @ OF TE CONSTIT!TION,
.IC PETITIONER CITES, IT IS STATE#, 2!NLESS
OTER.ISE PRO$I#E# B, TIS CONSTIT!TION OR
B,LA., AN, #ECISION, OR#ER, OR R!LIN" OF EAC
COMMISSION MA, BE BRO!"T TO TE S!PREME
CO!RT ON CERTIORARI B, TE A""RIE$E# PART,
.ITIN TIRT, #A,S FROM RECEIPT TEREOF. .E
Page 2( of 29
RESOL$E TIS ISS!E IN FA$OR OF TE PETITIONER.
TE PETITION IN$OL$ES P!RE 3!ESTIONS OF FACT
AS TE, RELATE TO APPRECIATION OF E$I#ENCE
'BALLOTS+ .IC IS BE,ON# TE PO.ER OF
RE$IE. OF TIS CO!RT. TE COMELEC FO!N# TAT
TE .RITIN" OF TE LETTER 6C6 AFTER TE .OR#
6"ALI#O6 IN TE FIFTEEN '1-+ BALLOTS OF PRECINCT
1= IS A CLEAR AN# CON$INCIN" PROOF OF A
PATTERN OR #ESI"N TO I#ENTIF, TE BALLOTS
AN#OOR $OTERS. TIS FIN#IN" SO!L# BE
CONCL!SI$E ON TE CO!RT. TE COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS 'COMELEC+ AS E0CL!SI$E ORI"INAL
/!RIS#ICTION O$ER ALL CONTESTS RELATIN" TO
TE ELECTIONS, RET!RNS, AN# 3!ALIFICATIONS OF
ALL ELECTI$E RE"IONAL, PRO$INCIAL, AN# CIT,
OFFICIALS AN# AS APPELLATE /!RIS#ICTION O$ER
ALL CONTESTS IN$OL$IN" ELECTI$E M!NICIPAL
OFFICIALS #ECI#E# B, TRIAL CO!RTS OF "ENERAL
/!RIS#ICTION OR IN$OL$IN" ELECTI$E BARAN"A,
OFFICIALS #ECI#E# B, TRIAL CO!RTS OF LIMITE#
/!RIS#ICTION.
Merca%o v. -E& < #) &CRA )## 81((59
Relam1a2os v. Cum$a < #) &CRA +(0 81((59
5eo1le v. ,el2a%o < 1.( &CRA 715 81((09
Garces v. CA < #5( &CRA (( 81((+9
Darate v. Comelec an% Lallave < GR 1#(0(+,
'ovem$er 1(, 1(((
Re2ala%o v. CA, GR 115(+#, *e$ruar" 15, #000
*aelnar v. 5eo1le,GR 1)0.50:51, Ma" ), #000
/an v. Comelec, GR 1).575, ,ec. 10, #00
Alau"a v. Comelec, GR 15..0, Au2ust 10, #00)
Po>ers Not "iven
#ep?tiIinC L:> EnDorcement ACencies
5eo1le v. -asilla < 17( &CRA .781(.(9
ReCistr:tion oD P:rties :nd OrC:niI:tion
L,5 v. Comelec, GR 1+1#+5, *e$ruar" #), #00)
*AC/&: T8e Cener:; co?nse; oD t8e ;:9:n nC
demoEr:tiEonC pi;ipino 'L#P+ inDormed t8e Come;ec 9< >:<
oD m:niDest:tion t8:t on;< t8e p:rt< c8:irm:n, sen:tor
edC:rdo G. AnC:r:, or 8is :?t8oriIed represent:tive m:<
endorse t8e certiDic:te oD c:ndid:c< oD t8e p:rt<Ls oDDici:;
c:ndid:tes. T8e s:me m:niDest:tion st:ted t8:t sen. AnC:r:
8:d p;:ced t8e L#P secret:r< Cener:;, represent:tive
:C:pito :. AJ?ino, on 6indeDinite Dorced ;e:ve.6 in t8e
me:ntime, :m9:ss:dor enriJ?e :. 4:;div:r >:s desiCn:ted
:ctinC secret:r< Cener:;. o>ever, rep. AJ?ino Di;ed 8is
comment, contendinC t8:t t8e p:rt< c8:irm:n does not 8:ve
t8e :?t8orit< to impose discip;in:r< s:nctions on t8e
secret:r< Cener:;. As t8e m:niDest:tion Di;ed 9< t8e ;dp
Cener:; co?nse; 8:s no 9:sis, rep. AJ?ino :sEed t8e come;ec
to disreC:rd t8e s:me. Prior to t8e m:< ())= e;ections, t8e
;:9:n nC demoEr:tiEonC pi;ipino 'L#P+ 8:s 9een divided
9ec:?se oD : str?CC;e oD :?t8orit< 9et>een p:rt< c8:irm:n
edC:rdo :nC:r: :nd p:rt< secret:r< Cener:; :C:pito :J?ino,
9ot8 8:vinC endorsed t>o diDDerent sets oD c:ndid:tes ?nder
t8e s:me p:rt<, L#P. T8e m:tter >:s 9ro?C8t to t8e
Come;ec. T8e commission in its reso;?tion 8:s recoCniIed
t8e D:ctions cre:tinC t>o s?91p:rties: L#P :nC:r: >inC :nd
L#P :J?ino >inC.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e Come;ec committed : Cr:ve
:9?se oD discretion in recoCniIinC t8e t>o sets oD
nomin:tions :nd endorsements 9< t8e s:me p:rt<.
4EL,: ,es. T8e Come;ec erred in its reso;?tion. On;<
t8ose certiDic:tes oD c:ndid:c< 'CoC+ siCned 9< t8e L#P
p:rt< c8:irm:n :nC:r: or 8is d?;< :?t8oriIed
represent:tiveOs s8:;; 9e recoCniIed.
Atien>a v. COMELEC < +1# &CRA 7+1 8#0109
Lo;in v. COMELEC < +7) &CRA 5.8#01#9
5rosecution oC Election OCCenses
5eo1le v. Intin2 < 1.7 &CRA 7.. 81((09
FACTS: COMELEC #IRECTE# ATT,. "ERAR#O
LIT!ANAS, PRO$INCIAL ELECTION S!PER$ISOR OF
#!MA"!ETE CIT,. TO CON#!CT TE PRELIMINAR,
IN$ESTI"ATION OF TE CASE, TO AN#LE TE
PROSEC!TION IF TE E$I#ENCE S!BMITTE# SO.S
A PRIMA FACIE CASE COMPLAINT A"AINST OIC1
MA,OR OF TAN/A,. AFTER A PRELIMINAR,
IN$ESTI"ATION OF BARBAHS COMPLAINT, ATT,.
LIT!ANAS FO!N# A PRIMAFACIE CASE. E FILE#
.IT TE RESPON#ENT TRIAL CO!RT A CRIMINAL
CASE. TE RESPON#ENT CO!RT ISS!E# A .ARRANT
OF ARREST A"AINST TE ACC!SE# OIC MA,OR.
O.E$ER BEFORE MA,OR RE"ALA#O CO!L# BE
ARRESTE# TE TRIAL CO!RT SET ASI#E ITS OR#ER
ON TE "RO!N#S TAT ATT,. LIT!ANAS IS NOT
A!TORI4E# TO #ETERMINE PROBABLE CA!SE.
ATT,. LIT!ANAS FILE# A MOTION FOR
RECONSI#ERATION, B!T IT .AS 3!ASE# B, TE
TRIAL CO!RTS.
ISS!E: #OES A PRELIMINAR, IN$ESTI"ATION
CON#!CTE# B, A PRO$INCIAL ELECTION
S!PER$ISOR IN$OL$IN" ELECTION OFFENSES A$E
TO BE CO!RSE# TRO!" TE PRO$INCIAL
PROSEC!TOR, BEFORE TE RE"IONAL TRIAL CO!RT
MA, TA7E CO"NI4ANCE OF TE IN$ESTI"ATION AN#
#ETERMINE .ETER OR NOT PROBABLE CA!SE
E0ISTS
EL#: ARTICLE I0 SEC ( OF TE CONSTIT!TION
STATES TAT TE COMELEC AS TE PO.ER TO
IN$ESTI"ATE B!T ALSO PROSEC!TE $IOLATION OF
ELECTION LA.S. TIS MEANS TAT TE COMELEC IS
EMPO.ERE# TO CON#!CT PRELIMINAR,
IN$ESTI"ATIONS IN CASES IN$OL$IN" ELECTION
OFFENSES FOR TE P!RPOSE OF ELPIN" TE
/!#"E #ETERMINE PROBABLE CA!SE AN# FOR
FILIN" AN INFORMATION IN CO!RT.
Page 21 of 29
Cor1us v. /ano%$a"an < 1)( &CRA #.181(.79
COMELEC v. &ilva < #.+ &CRA 17781((.9
Comelec v. 4on. Es1anol, GR 1)(1+), ,ec. 10, #00
Arro"o v. ,O! < +.1 &CRA 1.18#01#9
Recommen%ator" 5oFers
&ection . ,ecisions
5an2ilinan v. COMELEC < ##. &CRA +81((9
&armiento v. Comelec < #1# &CRA 0781((#9
FACTS: TIS SPECIAL CI$IL ACTION FOR CERTIORARI
SEE7 TO SET ASI#E TE RESOL!TIONS OF
RESPON#ENT COMELEC FOR SE$ERAL CASES.
PETITIONERS IMP!"N TE CALLEN"E#
RESOL!TIONS ABO$E SPECIFIE# AS A$IN" BEEN
ISS!E# .IT "RA$E AB!SE OF #ISCRETION IN TAT,
INTER ALIA, TE COMMISSION, SITTIN" EN BANC,
TOO7 CO"NI4ANCE OF AN# #ECI#E# TE APPEALS
.ITO!T FIRST REFERRIN" TEM TO AN, OF ITS
#I$ISIONS.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT COMELEC ACTE# .IT
"RA$E AB!SE OF #ISCRETION
EL#: TE COMELEC EN BANC ACTE# .ITO!T
/!RIS#ICTION, OR .IT "RA$E AB!SE OF
#ISCRETION, .EN IT RESOL$E# TE APPEALS OF
PETITIONERS IN TE ABO$E MENTIONE# SPECIAL
CASES .ITO!T FIRST REFERRIN" TEM TO AN, OF
ITS #I$ISIONS. SECTION *, S!B#I$ISION C, ARTICLE
I0 OF TE 1%&@ CONSTIT!TION E0PRESSL,
PRO$I#ES: SEC. *. TE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
MA, SIT EN BANC OR IN T.O #I$ISIONS, AN# SALL
PROM!L"ATE ITS R!LES OF PROCE#!RE IN OR#ER
TO E0PE#ITE #ISPOSITION OF ELECTION CASES,
INCL!#IN" PRE1PROCLAMATION CONTRO$ERSIES.
ALL S!C ELECTION CASES SALL BE EAR# AN#
#ECI#E# IN #I$ISION, PRO$I#E# TAT MOTIONS
FOR RECONSI#ERATION OF #ECISIONS SALL BE
#ECI#E# B, TE COMMISSION EN BANC. SAI#
RESOL!TIONS ARE TEREFORE, N!LL AN# $OI# AN#
M!ST BE SET ASI#E. CONSE3!ENTL,, TE APPEALS
ARE #EEME# PEN#IN" BEFORE TE COMMISSION
FOR PROPER REFERRAL TO A #I$ISION.
Carnicosa v. COMELEC < #.# &CRA 51#81((79
Ramas v. COMELEC < #.+ &CRA 1.(81((.9
FACTS: T8e petitioners :nd t8e priv:te respondents >ere
t8e oDDici:; c:ndid:tes oD t8e N:tion:;ist Peop;e5s Co:;ition
'NPC+ :nd t8e L:E:s1N!C#, respective;<, Dor t8e e;ective
m?nicip:; positions oD "?ipos, 4:m9o:nC: de; S?r, in t8e
e;ections. ADter t8e c:nv:ss oD t8e e;ection ret?rns, t8e
M?nicip:; Bo:rd oD C:nv:ssers oD "?ipos dec;:red :nd
proc;:imed t8e petitioners :s t8e d?;< e;ected m?nicip:;
oDDici:;s.
ISSUE: "hether the C%/010C has a 8urisdiction over the case$
RULING: EE&. As to e;ection c:ses invo;vinC reCion:;,
provinci:;, :nd cit< oDDici:;s, >8ic8 D:;; >it8in t8e eKc;?sive
oriCin:; G?risdiction oD t8e COMELEC, Section * oD Artic;e
I01C oD t8e Constit?tion vests t8e COMELEC >it8 t8e
:?t8orit< to prom?;C:te its r?;es oD proced?re in order to
eKpedite disposition oD e;ection c:ses, inc;?dinC pre1
proc;:m:tion controversies.
Garvi%a v. &ales < #71 &CRA 7+781((79
@ela"o v. Comelec, GR 15+1, Marc3 (, #000
*AC/&: T8e Come;ec iss?ed : reso;?tion :nn?;;inC t8e
proc;:m:tion oD $e;:<o :s m:<or. $e;:<o c;:imed t8:t 8e
>:s denied d?e process 9ec:?se 8e >:s not D?rnis8ed :n<
notice oD t8e pre1proc;:m:tion proceedinCs :C:inst 8im
Drom 9eCinninC to end. A;; t8:t petitioner received Drom t8e
Come;ec >:s its en 9:nc reso;?tion :nn?;;inC 8is
proc;:m:tion.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not Come;ec deprive petitioner d?e
process in its decision in :nn?;;inC 8is proc;:m:tion.
4EL,: T8e records >i;; s8o> t8:t petitioner >:s not
D?rnis8ed :n< notice oD t8e pre1proc;:m:tion proceedinCs
:C:inst 8im Drom 9eCinninC to end. Respondent N:tivid:d
did not Cive petitioner copies oD 8is notices oD :ppe:; Drom
t8e r?;inCs oD t8e M?nicip:; Bo:rd oD C:nv:ssers. Nor >:s
petitioner Civen copies oD priv:te respondent5s petitions :nd
motions Di;ed >it8 t8e COMELEC. Even t8e COMELEC5s
Second #ivision D:i;ed to notiD< petitioner :9o?t t8e
prom?;C:tion oD its Order d:ted /?ne %, 1%%& >8ic8
dismissed t8e pre1proc;:m:tion c:ses :C:inst 8im Dor 9einC
moot :nd :c:demic. e >:s not :;so Civen : cop< oD priv:te
respondent5s Motion Dor Reconsider:tion :C:inst s:id
Order. A;; t8:t petitioner received Drom t8e COMELEC >:s
its en 9:nc reso;?tion :nn?;;inC 8is proc;:m:tion.
It c:nnot 9e denied t8:t petitioner $e;:<o is : re:; p:rt< in
interest. As t8e proc;:imed M:<or, petitioner st:nds to 9e
preG?diced 9< >8:tever :ction COMELEC m:< t:Ee on t8e
:ppe:;s Di;ed 9< respondent N:tivid:d. is non1inc;?sion :s
respondent :nd 8is ;:cE oD notice oD t8e proceedinCs in t8e
COMELEC >8ic8 res?;ted in t8e c:nce;;:tion oD 8is
proc;:m:tion constit?te c;e:r deni:; oD d?e process.
&e$astian v. Comelec, GR 1(57, Mac3 7, #000
&oller v. Comelec, GR 1(.5, &e1tem$er 5, #000
-arroso v. Am1i2 et al, GR1.#1., Marc3 17, #000
Maru3on v. Comelec, GR 1(57, Ma" 5,#000
-alin%on2 v. Comelec, GR 15((1, Oct. 1+, #00
!aramilla v. Comelec, GR 155717, Oct. #, #00
-autista v. Comelec, GR 15)7(+:(7, Oct. #, #00
,e Llana v. Comelec, GR 15#0.0, 'ov. #., #00
Re1ol v. Comelec, GR 151)1., A1r. #., #00)
5e%ra2o>a v. COMELEC < )(+ &CRA 51
Page 22 of 29
Ca"etano v. COMELEC < )7( &CRA 51)
FACTS: COMELEC cond?cted : p;e9iscite in T:C?iC, Metro
M:ni;: on t8e conversion oD t8is m?nicip:;it< into : 8iC8;<
?r9:niIed cit< :s m:nd:ted 9< Rep?9;ic Act No. &=&@.
P;e9iscite Bo:rd oD C:nv:ssers 'PBOC+ dec;:red t8:t t8e
PNoR votes >on, indic:tinC t8:t t8e peop;e reGected t8e
conversion oD T:C?iC into : cit<. o>ever, ?pon order oD t8e
COMELEC en banc, t8e PBOC reconvened :nd comp;eted
t8e c:nv:ss oD t8e p;e9iscite ret?rns, event?:;;< proc;:iminC
t8:t t8e neC:tive votes sti;; prev:i;ed.
ISSUE: "hether the C%/010C has a 8urisdiction over an action
involving the conduct of a plebiscite$
RULING: EE&. T8e cond?ct oD p;e9iscite :nd
determin:tion oD its res?;t 8:ve :;>:<s 9een t8e 9?siness oD
t8e COMELEC :nd not t8e reC?;:r co?rts. S?c8 : c:se
invo;ves t8e :ppreci:tion oD 9:;;ots >8ic8 is 9est ;eDt to t8e
COMELEC. As :n independent constit?tion:; 9od<
eKc;?sive;< c8:rCed >it8 t8e po>er oD enDorcement :nd
:dministr:tion oD :;; ;:>s :nd reC?;:tions re;:tive to t8e
cond?ct oD :n e;ection, plebiscite, initi:tive, reDerend?m :nd
rec:;;, t8e COMELEC 8:s t8e indisputable expertise in t8e
Die;d oD e;ection :nd re;:ted ;:>s
Muno> v. COMELEC < )(5 &CRA )07
/an v. COMELEC < 507 &CRA 5#
*AC/&: T:n :nd B?r:8:n >ere t8e C?9ern:tori:; :nd viceN
C?9ern:tori:; c:ndid:tes, toCet8er >it8 ot8er ;oc:;
c:ndid:tes Dor conCress m:n, m:<or, :nd vice1m:<or, Di;ed
>it8 t8e COMELEC = Petitions Dor #ec;:r:tion oD F:i;?re oD
E;ections. :not8er Petition Dor #ec;:r:tion oD
F:i;?re oD E;ections >:s Di;ed 9< :not8er C?9ern:tori:;
c:ndid:te, ,?sop /iEiri. Petitioners :;;eCed s<stem:tic Dr:?d,
terrorism, i;;eC:; sc8emes, :nd m:c8in:tions :;;eCed;<
perpetr:ted 9< priv:te respondents :nd t8eir s?pporters
res?;tinC in m:ssive disenDr:nc8isement oD voters.
COMELEC (nd #ivision, iss?ed :n order s?spendinC t8e
proc;:m:tion oD t8e >inninC C?9ern:tori:; c:ndid:te
oD S?;?, 9?t ;iDted t8e s?spension * d:<s ;:ter. T8e
COMELEC (
nd
#ivision directed t8e S?;?PBOC to comp;ete
:nd to 9rinC :;; c:nv:ss doc?ments to M:ni;:, :nd proc;:im
t8e >inninC c:ndid:tes Dor "overnor in M:ni;:. T:n Di;ed :n
:ppe:; >it8 t8e COMELEC >8ic8 in t?rn ordered t8e
Bo:rds to reDr:in Drom proc;:im :n< >inner. COMELEC 1
st
#ivision proc;:imed BenG:min LoonC :s t8e >inner.
T:n Di;ed : Petition Dor Ann?;ment oD t8e
Proc;:m:tion >it8 t8e COMELEC 1
st
#ivision.
COMELEC 1
st
division Cr:nted t8e petition :nd
:nn?;;ed LoonC5s proc;:m:tion. /iEiri Di;ed 9eDore t8e
COMELEC : Petition oD Protest Ad C:?te;:m, pr:<inC,
inter :;i:, Dor t8e reco?nt or revision oD t8e 9:;;ots.
COMELEC en 9:nc dismissed :;; - petitions to dec;:re
D:i;?re oD e;ections. /iEiri converted 8is petition Dor protest
:d c:?te;:m into : reC?;:r e;ection protest >8ic8
>:s Cr:nted 9< t8e COMELEC 1
st
division. LoonC Di;ed 8is
Ans>er >it8 Motion to #ismiss :ndOor >it8 Co?nter Protest
on t8e Cro?nd t8:t t8e COMELEC 8:d no G?risdiction to
t:Ee coCniI:nce oD :n e;ection protest Di;ed o?t oD time.
COMELEC 1
st
division denied t8e motion to dismiss.
I&&0E:.8et8er t8e COMELEC 8:s G?risdiction to entert:i
n sim?;t:neo?s;< pre1proc;:m:tion controversies
:nd e;ector:; protests
4EL,:T8ere is no ;:> or r?;e pro8i9itinC t8e sim?;t:neo?s
prosec?tion or :dG?dic:tion oD pre1proc;:m:tion
controversies :nd e;ections protests. A;;o>inC
t8e sim?;t:neo?s prosec?tion scen:rio m:< 9e eKp;:ined 9<
t8e D:ct t8:t pre1proc;:m:tion controversies :nd e;ection
protests diDDer in terms oD t8e iss?es invo;ved :nd t8e
evidence :dmissi9;e in e:c8 c:se :nd t8e o9Gective e:c8
seeEs to :c8ieve. Moreover, t8e Co?rt, ?nder cert:in
circ?mst:nces, even enco?r:Ces t8ere enDorcement oD : pre1
proc;:m:tion s?it >it8 :n e;ection protest.
EnriBuel v. COMELEC < +1 &CRA .0(
Men%o>a v. COMELEC < +1+ &CRA ))
Maria Laarni L Ca"etano v. Comelec, GR 1(.)+, 1#
A1ril #011 6also in &ec. 7, Art IX:A7
Section =. S?pervisionOReC?;:tion oD P?9;ic !ti;ities, Medi:
"r:nts, Privi;eCes
0ni%o v. COMELEC, 10) &CRA 17
FACTS: IN 1%&1, TE BP PROPOSE# AMEN#MENTS TO
TE 1%@* CONSTIT!TION. TE AMEN#MENTS .ERE
TO BE PLACE# TO A PLEBISCITE FOR TE PEOPLELS
APPRO$AL. TE ,ES $OTE .AS BEIN" A#$ANCE# B,
7BL N MARCOSL PART,. .ILE TE NO $OTE .AS
BEIN" A#$ANCE# B, !NI#O. TO ENS!RE PARIT, AN#
E3!ALIT,, COMELEC ISS!E# RESOL!TIONS 1=B@11=B%
.OC BASICALL, PRO$I#E# TAT TERE BE E3!AL
OPPORT!NIT,, E3!AL TIME AN# E3!AL SPACE ON
ME#IA !SE FOR CAMPAI"NS FOR BOT SI#ES. ON 1(
MAR 1%&1, MARCOS CAMPAI"NE# FOR TE ,ES $OTE
$IA T$ AN# RA#IO FROM %:*)PM TO 11:*)PM. TE
SAME .AS BROA#CASTE# LI$E B, (B T$ STATIONS
AN# (=& RA#IO STATIONS NATION.I#E. !NI#O
PETITIONE# BEFORE TE COMELEC TAT TE, BE
"RANTE# TE SAME OPPORT!NIT, AS MARCOS AS
P!RS!ANT TO RESLNS 1=B@1B%. COMELEC #ENIE# TE
#EMAN#. !NI#O ASSAILE# TE #ENIAL AS A #ENIAL
OF E3!AL PROTECTION BEFORE TE LA.S.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT !NI#O .AS #ENIE#
E3!AL PROTECTION B, $IRT!E OF COMELECLS
#ENIAL OF TEIR RE3!EST.
EL#: TE SC R!LE# TAT !NI#O .AS NOT #ENIE#
#!E PROCESS NOR .ERE TE, NOT AFFOR#E#
E3!AL PROTECTION. IT IS TE CONSI#ERE# $IE. OF
TE SC TAT .EN MARCOS CON#!CTE# IS
P!LON"1P!LON"L OR CONS!LTATION .IT TE
PEOPLE ON MARC 1(, 1%&1, E #I# SO IN IS
CAPACIT, AS PRESI#ENTOPRIME MINISTER OF TE
PILIPPINES AN# NOT AS TE EA# OF AN,
POLITICAL PART,. !N#ER TE CONSTIT!TION, TE
APRIME MINISTER AN# TE CABINET SALL BE
RESPONSIBLE . . . FOR TE PRO"RAM OF
"O$ERNMENT AN# SALL #ETERMINE TE
"!I#ELINES OF NATIONAL POLIC,L. IN INSTANCES
.ERE TE EA# OF STATE IS AT TE SAME TIME
Page 2! of 29
TE PRESI#ENT OF TE POLITICAL PART, TAT IS IN
PO.ER, IT #OES NOT NECESSARIL, FOLLO. TAT
E SPEA7S .IT T.O $OICES .EN E #IALO"!ES
.IT TE "O$ERNE#. TE PRESI#ENT IS ACCOR#E#
CERTAIN PRI$ILE"ES TAT TE OPPOSITION MA,
NOT A$E. F!RTER, TE SC CANNOT COMPEL T$
STATIONS AN# RA#IO STATIONS TO "I$E !NI#O
FREE AIR TIME AS TE, ARE NOT PART, TO TIS
CASE. !NI#O M!ST SO!"T CONTRACT .IT TESE
T$ STATIONS AN# RA#IO STATIONS AT TEIR O.N
E0PENSE.
&ani%a% v. COMELEC, 1.1 &CRA 5#( 61((07
FACTS: TIS IS A PETITION FOR CERTIORARI
ASSAILIN" TE CONSTIT!TIONALIT, OF SECTION 1%
OF COMELEC RESOL!TION NO. (1B@ ON TE "RO!N#
TAT IT $IOLATES TE CONSTIT!TIONAL
"!ARANTEES OF TE FREE#OM OF E0PRESSION AN#
OF TE PRESS. SECTION 1%. PROIBITION ON
COL!MNISTS, COMMENTATORS OR ANNO!NCERS. V
#!RIN" TE PLEBISCITE CAMPAI"N PERIO#, ON TE
#A, BEFORE AN# ON TE PLEBISCITE #A,, NO MASS
ME#IA COL!MNIST, COMMENTATOR, ANNO!NCER
OR PERSONALIT, SALL !SE IS COL!MN OR RA#IO
OR TELE$ISION TIME TO CAMPAI"N FOR OR A"AINST
TE PLEBISCITE ISS!ES.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT RESOL!TION NO. (1B@ IS
!NCONSTIT!TIONAL
EL#: TE INSTANT PETITION IS "RANTE#. SECTION
1% OF COMELEC RESOL!TION NO. (1B@ IS #ECLARE#
N!LL AN# $OI# AN# !NCONSTIT!TIONAL.
PLEBISCITE ISS!ES ARE MATTERS OF P!BLIC
CONCERN AN# IMPORTANCE. TE PEOPLEHS RI"T
TO BE INFORME# AN# TO BE ABLE TO FREEL, AN#
INTELLI"ENTL, MA7E A #ECISION .O!L# BE
BETTER SER$E# B, ACCESS TO AN !NABRI#"E#
#ISC!SSION OF TE ISS!ES, INCL!#IN" TE FOR!M.
TE PEOPLE AFFECTE# B, TE ISS!ES PRESENTE#
IN A PLEBISCITE SO!L# NOT BE !N#!L,
B!R#ENE# B, RESTRICTIONS ON TE FOR!M
.ERE TE RI"T TO E0PRESSION MA, BE
E0ERCISE#
Osmena v. COMELEC < 1(( &CRA 750 81((19
53ili11ine 5ress Institute v. COMELEC, GR 'o.
11(+5), Ma" ##, 1((5
FACTS: RESPON#ENT COMELEC PROM!L"ATE#
RESOL!TION NO. (@@( #IRECTIN" NE.SPAPERS TO
PRO$I#E FREE COMELEC SPACE OF NOT LESS TAN
ONE1ALF PA"E FOR TE COMMON !SE OF
POLITICAL PARTIES AN# CAN#I#ATES. TE COMELEC
SPACE SALL BE ALLOCATE# B, TE COMMISSION,
FREE OF CAR"E, AMON" ALL CAN#I#ATES TO
ENABLE TEM TO MA7E 7NO.N TEIR
3!ALIFICATIONS, TEIR STAN# ON P!BLIC ISS!E
AN# TEIR PLATFORMS OF "O$ERNMENT. TE
COMELEC SPACE SALL ALSO BE !SE# B, TE
COMMISSION FOR #ISSEMINATION OF $ITAL
ELECTION INFORMATION. PETITIONER PILIPPINE
PRESS INSTIT!TE, INC. 'PPI+, AS7S TE S!PREME
CO!RT TO #ECLARE COMELEC RESOL!TION NO. (@@(
!NCONSTIT!TIONAL AN# $OI# ON TE "RO!N#
TAT IT $IOLATES TE PROIBITION IMPOSE# B,
TE CONSTIT!TION !PON TE "O$ERNMENT
A"AINST TE TA7IN" OF PRI$ATE PROPERT, FOR
P!BLIC !SE .ITO!T /!ST COMPENSATION. ON
BEALF OF TE RESPON#ENT COMELEC, TE
SOLICITOR "ENERAL CLAIME# TAT TE
RESOL!TION IS A PERMISSIBLE E0ERCISE OF TE
PO.ER OF S!PER$ISION 'POLICE PO.ER+ OF TE
COMELEC O$ER TE INFORMATION OPERATIONS OF
PRINT ME#IA ENTERPRISES #!RIN" TE ELECTION
PERIO# TO SAFE"!AR# AN# ENS!RE A FAIR,
IMPARTIAL AN# CRE#IBLE ELECTION.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT COMELEC RESOL!TION
NO. (@@( IS !NCONSTIT!TIONAL.
EL#: TE S!PREME CO!RT #ECLARE# TE
RESOL!TION AS !NCONSTIT!TIONAL. IT EL# TAT
TO COMPEL PRINT ME#IA COMPANIES TO #ONATE
COMELEC SPACE AMO!NTS TO TA7IN"OF PRI$ATE
PERSONAL PROPERT, .ITO!T PA,MENT OF TE
/!ST COMPENSATION RE3!IRE# IN E0PROPRIATION
CASES. MOREO$ER, TE ELEMENT OF NECESSIT,
FOR TE TA7IN" AS NOT BEEN ESTABLISE# B,
RESPON#ENT COMELEC, CONSI#ERIN" TAT TE
NE.SPAPERS .ERE NOT !N.ILLIN" TO SELL
A#$ERTISIN" SPACE. TE TA7IN" OF PRI$ATE
PROPERT, FOR P!BLIC !SE IS A!TORI4E# B, TE
CONSTIT!TION, B!T NOT .ITO!T PA,MENT OF
/!ST COMPENSATION. ALSO RESOL!TION NO. (@@(
#OES NOT CONSTIT!TE A $ALI# E0ERCISE OF TE
POLICE PO.ER OF TE STATE. IN TE CASE AT
BENC, TERE IS NO SO.IN" OF E0ISTENCE OF A
NATIONAL EMER"ENC, TO TA7E PRI$ATE PROPERT,
OF NE.SPAPER OR MA"A4INE P!BLISERS.
/elecom v. COMELEC < #.( &CRA 7 81((.9
A-&:C-' v. COMELEC, GR 'o. 1).+, !an. #.,
#000
FACTS: TIS IS A PETITION FOR CERTIORARI
ASSAILIN" COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS 'COMELEC+
EN BANC RESOL!TION NO. %&11=1% 1 #ATE# APRIL (1,
1%%&. IN TE SAI# RESOL!TION, TE POLL BO#,
6RESOL$E# TO APPRO$E TE ISS!ANCE OF A
RESTRAININ" OR#ER TO STOP ABS1CBN OR AN,
OTER "RO!PS, ITS A"ENTS OR REPRESENTATI$ES
FROM CON#!CTIN" S!C E0IT S!R$E, AN# TO
A!TORI4E TE ONORABLE CAIRMAN TO ISS!E
TE SAME.6 TE RESOL!TION .AS ISS!E# B, TE
COMELEC ALLE"E#L, !PON 6INFORMATION FROM
WAX RELIABLE SO!RCE TAT ABS1 CBN 'LOPE4 "RO!P+
AS PREPARE# A PRO/ECT, .IT PR "RO!PS, TO
CON#!CT RA#IO1T$ CO$ERA"E OF TE ELECTIONS
AN# TO MA7E WANX E0IT S!R$E, OF TE $OTE
#!RIN" TE ELECTIONS FOR NATIONAL OFFICIALS
PARTIC!LARL, FOR PRESI#ENT AN# $ICE
PRESI#ENT, RES!LTS OF .IC SALL BE
WBROA#CASTX IMME#IATEL,.6 TE ELECTORAL BO#,
BELIE$E# TAT S!C PRO/ECT MI"T CONFLICT
.IT TE OFFICIAL COMELEC CO!NT, AS .ELL AS
TE !NOFFICIAL 3!IC7 CO!NT OF TE NATIONAL
Page 2" of 29
MO$EMENT FOR FREE ELECTIONS 'NAMFREL+. IT
ALSO NOTE# TAT IT A# NOT A!TORI4E# OR
#EP!TI4E# ABS1CBN TO !N#ERTA7E TE E0IT
S!R$E,.
ISS!E: .ETER TE RESOL!TION ISS!E# B,
COMELEC IS $ALI#F
EL#: NO. TE CONCERN OF TE COMELEC CANNOT
BE /!STIFIE# SINCE TERE IS NO SO.IN" TAT
E0IT POLLS CA!SE CAOS IN $OTIN" CENTERS.
CON#!CTIN" E0IT POLLS AN# REPORTIN" TEIR
RES!LTS ARE $ALI# E0ERCISES OF FREE#OM OF
SPEEC AN# OF TE PRESS. A LIMITATION ON TEM
MA, BE /!STIFIE# ONL, B, A #AN"ER OF S!C
S!BSTANTI$E CARACTER TAT TE STATE AS A
RI"T TO PRE$ENT. F!RTERMORE, CONSI#ERIN"
TAT TE RESOL!TION .AS ISS!E# ONL, () #A,S
BEFORE TE ELECTION AN# TAT TE PETITIONERS
"OT A COP, OF IT ONL, ON MA, =, 1%%&, TERE .AS
AR#L, AN, OPPORT!NIT, TO MO$E FOR
RECONSI#ERATION AN# TO OBTAIN AN# S.IFT
RESOL!TION IN TIME FOR TE MA, 11 ELECTIONS.
TE PETITION ALSO IN$OL$ES TRANSCEN#ENTAL
CONSTIT!TIONAL ISS!ES TEREFORE, #IRECT
RESORT TO SC IS /!STIFIE#.
&=& v. COMELEC, GR 'o. 1)7571, Ma" 5, #001
FACTS: ON TE ONE AN#, SOCIAL .EATER
STATIONS 'S.S+ IS AN INSTIT!TION CON#!CTIN"
S!R$E,S IN $ARIO!S FIEL#S. 7AMAALAN
P!BLISIN" CORP., ON TE OTER AN#,
P!BLISES TE MANILA STAN#AR# .IC IS A
NE.SPAPER OF "ENERAL CIRC!LATION AN#
FEAT!RES ITEMS OF INFORMATION INCL!#IN"
ELECTION S!R$E,S. BOT S.S AN# 7AMAALAN
ARE CONTESTIN" TE $ALI#IT, AN# ENFORCEMENT
OF R.A. %))B 'FAIR ELECTION ACT+, ESPECIALL,
SECTION -.=.IC PRO$I#ES TAT S!R$E,S
AFFECTIN" NATIONAL CAN#I#ATES SALL NOT BE
P!BLISE# 1-#A,S BEFORE AN ELECTION AN#
S!R$E,S AFFECTIN" LOCAL CAN#I#ATES SALL NOT
BE P!BLISE# @ #A,S BEFORE TE ELECTION.S.S
.ANTE# TO CON#!CT AN ELECTION S!R$E,
TRO!"O!T TE PERIO# OF TE ELECTIONS BOT
AT TE NATIONAL AN# LOCAL LE$ELS AN# RELEASE
TO TE ME#IA TE RES!LTS OF S!C S!R$E, AS
.ELL AS P!BLIS TEM #IRECTL,. 7AMAALAN,
FOR ITS PART, INTEN#S TO P!BLIS ELECTION
S!R$E, RES!LTS !P TO TE LAST #A, OF TE
ELECTIONS ON MA, 1=, ())1.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE RESTRICTION ON TE
P!BLICATION OF ELECTION S!R$E, CONSTIT!TES A
PRIOR RESTRAINT ON TE E0ERCISE OF FREE#OM
OF SPEEC .ITO!T AN, CLEAR AN# PRESENT
#AN"ER TO /!STIF, S!C RESTRAINT
EL#: ,ES, SECTION -.= OF R.A. %))B CONSTIT!TES
AN !NCONSTIT!TIONAL ABRI#"EMENT OF
FREE#OM OF SPEEC, E0PRESSION, AN# TE PRESS.
TE PO.ER OF TE COMELEC O$ER ME#IA
FRANCISES IS LIMITE# TO ENS!RIN" E3!AL
OPPORT!NIT,, TIME, SPACE, AN# TE RI"T TO
REPL,, AS .ELL AS TO FI0 REASONABLE RATES OF
CAR"E FOR TE !SE OF ME#IA FACILITIES FOR
P!BLIC INFORMATION AN# FORMS AMON"
CAN#I#ATES. ERE, TE PROIBITION OF SPEEC IS
#IRECT, ABSOL!TE, AN# S!BSTANTIAL. NOR #OES
TIS SECTION PASS TE OLBRIENT TEST FOR
CONTENT RELATE# RE"!LATION BECA!SE '1+ IT
S!PPRESSES ONE T,PE OF E0PRESSION .ILE
ALLO.IN" OTER T,PES S!C AS E#ITORIALS, ETC.M
AN# '(+ TE RESTRICTION IS "REATER TAN .AT
IS NEE#E# TO PROTECT "O$ERNMENT INTEREST
BECA!SE TE INTEREST CAN E PROTECTE# B,
NARRO.ER RESTRICTIONS S!C AS S!BSE3!ENT
P!NISMENT. NOTE: /!STICE 7AP!NANLS
#ISSENTIN" OPINION BASICALL, SA,S TAT TE
TEST OF CLEAR AN# PRESENT #AN"ER IS
INAPPROPRIATE TO !SE IN OR#ER TO TEST TE
$ALI#IT, OF TIS SECTION. INSTEA#, E P!RPORTS
TO EN"A"E IN A FORM OF BALANCIN" B, .EI"IN"
AN# BALANCIN" TE CIRC!MSTANCES TO
#ETERMINE .ETER P!BLIC INTEREST IS SER$E#
B, TE RE"!LATION OF TE FREE EN/O,MENT OF
TE RI"TS. O.E$ER, E FAILE# TO SO. .,,
ON TE BALANCE, TE OTER CONSI#ERATIONS
'FOR E0AMPLE, PRE$ENTION OF LAST MIN!TE
PRESS!RE ON $OTERS+ SO!L# O!T.EI" TE
$AL!E OF FREE#OM OF E0PRESSION.
Section -. F:vor:9;e Recommend:tion Dor P:rdon,
Amnest<, P:ro;e or S?spension oD Sentence
Section B. Free :nd Open P:rt< S<stem
Li$eral 5art" v. COMELEC, GR 'o. 1(1771, Ma" +,
#010
FACTS: T8is c:se poses to t8e Co?rt, :t t8is ver< ;:te st:Ce
oD t8e e;ection period, iss?es invo;vinC t8e reCistr:tion oD
po;itic:; co:;itions, t8e Cr:nt oD :ccredit:tion to t8e
domin:nt p:rties ?nder t8e Dirst time ever :?tom:ted
e;ection s<stem in t8e co?ntr<, :nd v:;idit< oD t8e
COMELEC 'en banc+ :?t8orit< to :ct on t8e reCistr:tion oD
po;itic:; co:;itions.
ISSUE: 9o coalitions have to register in order to en8oy the
benefits of a registered political party$
RULING: YES, because the coalition is distinct in personality
from that of the coalescing parties!
Section @. No B;ocE1$otinC
Section &. Pro8i9ition on Po;itic:; P:rties
Section %. E;ection Period
Section 1). No :r:ssment :nd #iscrimin:tion
Section 11. F?nds
,. Commission oC Au%it
Section 1. 3?:;iDic:tionsM Term
Mison v. COA, 1.7 &CRA ))5
Page 2% of 29
FACTS: MISON .AS TE COMMISSIONER OF
C!STOMS. E #ECLARE# TE SEI4!RE OF A
/APANESE $ESSEL, M$ ,O/IN AS IN$ALI#. E T!S
OR#ERE# TE RELEASE OF SAI# $ESSEL. O.E$ER,
TE $ESSEL .AS NOT RELEASE#. IT SAN7 .ILE IN
TE C!STO#, OF TE B!REA! OF C!STOMS. CAN
TEN FILE# A CLAIM .IT TE COA FOR TE $AL!E
OF TE S!N7EN $ESSEL. 'Y-),)))+. B, A!TORIT,
OF TE ACTIN" CAIR, MR. ESPIRIT! '.O .AS TE
MANA"ER OF TE TECNICAL SER$ICES+, #ENIE#
TE CLAIM. TE CLAIMANTS T!S 3!ESTIONE# TE
A!TORIT, OF MR. ESPIRIT! IN #EN,IN" TE
CLAIM. TR! TEIR LA.,ER ATT, #A$I#, MO$E#
FOR TE RECONSI#ERATION, .RITIN" A LETTER TO
TE ACTIN" COA CAIR TANT!ICO. E AR"!E#
TAT TE #ECISION IN TE CASE .AS REN#ERE#
ONL, B, TE MANA"ER, AN# NOT B, TE ACTIN"
CAIRMAN, M!C LESS TE COA ITSELF. E
CONTEN#S TAT TE #ECISION IS $OI# BECA!SE
TE MATTER SO!L# BE ACTE# !PON ONL, B, TE
COA #!L, CONSTIT!TE# 'IE, B, TE CAIR AN# TE
( COMM.+ 'AT TIS TIME, TE COA IS NOT ,ET F!LL,
CONSTIT!TE#+ ACTIN" COA CAIR TANT!ICO
#ENIE# TE CLAIM AS .ELL. TANT!ICO A#OPTE#
TE ESPIRIT! #ECISION. A"AIN, ATT, #A$I# MO$E#
FOR RECONSI#ERATION, NO. AR"!IN" TAT
ACTIN" CAIR TANT!ICO ALSO A# NO A!TORIT,
TO ACT ON TE CASE. E RE3!ESTE# TAT TE
SAME BE S!BMITTE# FOR RESOL!TION B, TE COA
ITSELF, AFTER TE APPOINTMENT OF (
COMMISSIONERS. LATER, TE COA .AS FINALL,
F!LL, CONSTIT!TE#. ATT, #A$I# STILL .ROTE
ANOTER LETTER, FOR TE PA,MENT OF TEIR
CLAIMS. IN A =T IN#ORSEMENT, CAIRMAN
#OMIN"O, ACTIN" FOR TE COMMISSION,
RECONSI#ERE# TE #ECISION OF ACTIN"
CAIRMAN TANT!ICO. CAIRMAN #OMIN"O
"RANTE# TE CLAIM. E FOR.AR#E# TE
#ECISION TO "RANT TE CLAIM TO MISON. MISON
NO. SO!"T CLARIFICATION ON TE LE"AL
IMPLICATION OF TE =T IN#ORSEMENT. E
CONTEN#S TAT TE FIRST COA #ECISION,
ALTO!" SI"NE# ONL, B, A MAN"ER N ESPIRIT!,
.AS RATIFIE# OR MA#E $ALI# BECA!SE IT .AS
A#OPTE# IN TOTO AS A #ECISION OF TE COA IN TE
S!BSE3!ENT LETTERS.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE =T IN#ORSEMENT
SO!L# BE IN$ALI# BECA!SE COA CAIR #OMIN"O
.AS TE ONL, ONE .O SI"NE# IT
EL#: =T IN#ORSEMENT $ALI#. .EN TE =T
IN#ORSEMENT #ECISION .AS REN#ERE#, TERE
.ERE ALREA#, ( COMMISSIONERS 'MEANIN" TE
COA .AS F!LL, CONSTIT!TE# ALREA#,+, CLEARL, A
N!MBER S!FFICIENT TO SATISF, TE
CONSTIT!TIONAL RE3!IREMENT FOR COLLE"IAL
ACTION. E$EN SO, TE =T IN#ORSEMENT MA#E IT
CLEAR TAT IT .AS TE #ECISION OF TE
COMMISSION, .EN CAIRMAN #OMIN"O PLACE#
2FOR TE COMMISSION IN TE #ECISION.
RECOR#S ALSO SO. TAT TE OTER
COMMISSIONERS CONC!RRE# IN TE #ECISION.
Section (. "ener:; F?nctionM Po>ers
Sec. ( Po>ers :nd F?nctions
EK:mine :nd A?dit: "overnment reven?es :nd "overnment
eKpendit?res
-lue -ar Coconut 53il. /antuico < 1+ &CRA 71+
81(..9
*AC/&: T8is is : petition Dor certior:ri, pro8i9ition :nd
m:nd:m?s >it8 pre;imin:r< m:nd:tor< inG?nction to :nn?;
cert:in :ctions oD respondents, t8e t8en :ctinC c8:irm:n oD
t8e commission on :?dit :nd t8e :?ditor oD t8e P8i;ippine
cocon?t :?t8orit< 'PCA+ to prevent t8em Drom doinC
speciDied :cts :nd to compe; t8em to :;;o> t8e p:<ment 9<
t8e PCA oD t8e petitionersH s?9sid< c;:ims. T8e petitioner
J?estions t8e respondentsH :?t8orit< to :?dit t8em. T8e
petitioners, :s mem9ers oD t8e cocon?t oi; reDiners
:ssoci:tion, inc., :nd ot8er :;;ied :ssoci:tions contend t8:t
t8e< :re o?tside t8e :m9it oD respondentsH 6:?dit6 po>er
>8ic8 is conDined to Covernment1o>ned or contro;;ed
corpor:tions.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e petitioners :re o?tside t8e
:?dit po>er oD COA
4EL,: Section ( '1+ oD :rtic;e iK1d oD t8e constit?tion
provides t8:t 6t8e commission on :?dit s8:;; 8:ve t8e
po>er, :?t8orit< :nd d?t< to eK:mine, :?dit, :nd sett;e :;;
:cco?nts pert:ininC to t8e reven?es :nd receipts oD, :nd
eKpendit?res or ?ses oD D?nds :nd propert<, o>ned or 8e;d
in tr?st 9< or pert:ininC to, t8e Covernment, or :n< oD its
s?9divisions, :Cencies or instr?ment:;ities, inc;?dinC
Covernment1o>ned or contro;;ed corpor:tion >it8 oriCin:;
c8:rters, :nd on : post1:?dit 9:sis. ... 'd+ s?c8 non1
Covernment:; entities receivinC s?9sid< or eJ?it< direct;< or
indirect;< Drom or t8ro?C8 t8e Covernment >8ic8 :re
reJ?ired 9< ;:> or t8e Cr:ntinC instit?tion to s?9mit to s?c8
:?dit :s : condition oD s?9sid< or eJ?it<.6 t8e constit?tion
Dorm:;;< em9odies t8e ;onC est:9;is8ed r?;e t8:t priv:te
entities >8o 8:nd;e Covernment D?nds or s?9sidies in tr?st
m:< 9e eK:mined or :?dited in t8eir 8:nd;inC oD s:id D?nds
9< Covernment :?ditors.
,-5 v. COA < #1 &CRA #0# 81(()9
Eslao v. COA < #+ &CRA 1+1 81(()9
!.*.*. Manaco1 v. CA < #++ &CRA #5 81((79
5olloso v. Gan2an, GR 1)05+, !ul" 1), #000
0" v. COA, GR 10+.5, Marc3 #1, #000
A2uinal%o v. &an%i2an$a"an < #+5 &CRA 1#1 81((+9
,-5 v. COA, )## &CRA )5( 8#00)9
4ome ,evelo1ment Mutual *un% v. COA, GR
1)##(7, !une 15, #00)
,-5 v. COA < )(. &CRA 57 8#00+9
'ava v. 5alattao < )(( &CRA 7)5 8#00+9
Gual$erto ,e Llana v. COA, GR 1.0(.(, 7 *e$. #01#
Page 2& of 29
*AC/&: #e;: L;:n: >rote to t8e COA reC:rdinC t8e
recommend:tion oD t8e Sen:te Committee t8:t t8e #AR set
?p :n intern:; pre1:?dit service. T8e COA rep;ied to #e;:
L;:n: inDorminC 8im oD t8e prior iss?:nce oD Circ?;:r No.
&%1(%% >8ic8 provides t8:t >8enever t8e circ?mst:nces
>:rr:nt, t8e COA m:< reinstit?te pre1:?dit or :dopt s?c8
ot8er contro; me:s?res necess:r< :nd :ppropri:te to protect
t8e D?nds :nd propert< oD t8e :Cenc<.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not it is t8e constit?tion:; d?t<
oD COA to cond?ct : pre1:?dit 9eDore t8e cons?mm:tion
oD Covernment tr:ns:ctionF
R0LI'G: T8ere is not8inC in t8e Section ( oD Artic;e I01#
t8:t reJ?ires t8e COA to cond?ct : pre1:?dit oD :;;
Covernment tr:ns:ctions :nd Dor :;; Covernment :Cencies.
T8e on;< c;e:r reDerence to : pre1:?dit reJ?irement is Do?nd
in Section ('1+, >8ic8 provides t8:t : post1:?dit is
m:nd:ted Dor cert:in Covernment or priv:te entities >it8
st:te s?9sid< or eJ?it< :nd on;< >8en t8e intern:; contro;
s<stem oD :n :?dited entit< is in:deJ?:te. In s?c8 :
sit?:tion, t8e COA m:< :dopt me:s?res, inc;?dinC :
tempor:r< or speci:; pre1:?dit, to correct t8e deDiciencies.
Can%elario L. @erso>a !r. v. Guillermo ' Cara2ue,
GR 157.., 7 *e$ruar" #01#
53ili11ine Coconut v. Re1u$lic < ++ &CRA 51)
8#01#9
*AC/&: T8e dec;:r:tion oD m:rti:; ;:> s:> t8e iss?:r:nce
oD sever:; P.#.5s p?rported;< desiCned to improve t8e
cocon?t ind?str< t8ro?C8 t8e co;;ection :nd ?se oD t8e
cocon?t ;ev< D?nd p:rtic?;:r;< P.#. @--, %B1, :nd 1=B&. PCA
entered into :n :Creement t8e :cJ?isition oD : Commerci:;
B:nE Dor t8e BeneDit oD t8e Cocon?t D:rmers. !nder t8e
second :Creement, PCA :Creed to eKpeditio?s;< distri9?te
t8e First !nited B:nE s8:res p?rc8:sed to s?c8 Pcocon?t
D:rmers 8o;dinC reCistered COCOF!N# receiptsR on
eJ?it:9;e 9:sis. #?rinC 1%&B E#SA revo;?tion, President
AJ?ino5s revo;?tion:r< Covernment one oD t8e priorit< >:s
t8e recover< oD t8e i;;1Cotten >e:;t8 oD t8e M:rcos. PC""
instit?ted 9eDore t8e S:ndiC:n9:<:n : recover< s?it :C:inst
petitioners :nd Do?nd t8:t PCA :ppropri:ted o?t oD its o>n
D?nd. Petitioners scored t8e S:ndiC:n9:<:n Dor :9?sinC its
po>er oD G?dici:; revie> :nd >ronC;< encro:c8inC into t8e
eKc;?sive dom:in oD conCress >8en it dec;:red cert:in
provisions oD t8e cocon?t ;ev< ;:>s :nd PCA :dministr:tive
iss?:nces :s ?nconstit?tion:;.
I&&0E: .8et8er t8e cocon?t D:rmers m:< o>n t8e cocon?t
;ev< D?nd >8ic8 >:s rec;:ssiDied into priv:te D?nd t8ro?C8
P.#. @--, %B1, :nd 1=B&.
4EL,: No. t8e cocon?t ;ev< D?nds :re in t8e n:t?re oD t:Kes
:nd c:n on;< 9e ?sed Dor p?9;ic p?rpose. ConseJ?ent;<, t8e<
c:nnot 9e ?sed to p?rc8:se s8:res oD stocEs to 9e Civen Dor
Dree to priv:te individ?:;s. Need;ess to stress, co?rts do not,
:s t8e< c:nnot, :;;o> 9< G?dici:; Di:t t8e conversion oD
speci:; D?nds into : priv:te D?nd Dor t8e 9eneDit oD priv:te
individ?:;s.
A?dit /?risdiction
CalteA v. COA < #0. &CRA 7#+ 81((#9
FACTS: TIS IS A 3!ESTIONIN" TE A!TORIT, OF
TE COMMISSION ON A!#IT 'COA+ IN #ISALLO.IN"
PETITIONERHS CLAIMS FOR REIMB!RSEMENT FROM
TE OIL PRICE STABILI4ATION F!N# 'OPSF+ AN#
SEE7IN" TE RE$ERSAL OF SAI# COMMISSIONHS
#ECISION #EN,IN" ITS CLAIM FOR RECO$ER, OF
FINANCIN" CAR"ES FROM TE F!N# AN#
REIMB!RSEMENT OF !N#ER RECO$ER, ARISIN"
FROM SALES TO TE NATIONAL PO.ER
CORPORATIONS, ATLAS CONSOLI#ATE# MININ" AN#
#E$ELOPMENT CORPORATION AN# MARCOPPER
MININ" CORPORATION PRE$ENTIN" IT FROM
E0ERCISIN" TE RI"T TO OFFSET ITS
REMITTANCES A"AINST ITS REIMB!RSEMENT $IS1A1
$IS TE OPSF AN# #ISALLO.IN" ITS CLAIMS ARE
STILL PEN#IN" RESOL!TION BEFORE TE OFFICE
OF ENER", AFFAIRS 'OEA+ AN# TE #EPARTMENT
OF FINANCE '#OF+
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT COA ERRE# FOR TE
#ISALLO.ANCES
EL#: TE CO!RT AFFIRME# TE #ECISION OF COA.
IN RESPECT TO TE TA0ES FOR TE OPSF, TE OIL
COMPANIES MEREL, ACT AS A"ENTS FOR TE
"O$ERNMENT IN TE LATTERHS COLLECTION SINCE
TE TA0ES ARE, IN REALIT,, PASSE# !NTO TE EN#1
!SERS 11 TE CONS!MIN" P!BLIC. IN TAT
CAPACIT,, TE PETITIONER, AS ONE OF S!C
COMPANIES, AS TE PRIMAR, OBLI"ATION TO
ACCO!NT FOR AN# REMIT TE TA0ES COLLECTE#
TO TE A#MINISTRATOR OF TE OPSF. TIS #!T,
STEMS FROM TE FI#!CIAR, RELATIONSIP
BET.EEN TE T.OM PETITIONER CERTAINL,
CANNOT CERTAINL, CANNOT BE CONSI#ERE#
MEREL, AS A #EBTOR. IN RESPECT, TEREFORE, TO
ITS COLLECTION FOR TE OPSF $IS1A1$IS ITS CLAIMS
FOR REIMB!RSEMENT, NO COMPENSATION IS
LI7E.ISE LE"ALL, FEASIBLE. FIRSTL,, TE
"O$ERNMENT AN# TE PETITIONER CANNOT BE
SAI# TO BE M!T!ALL, #EBTORS AN# CRE#ITORS OF
EAC OTER. SECON#L,, TERE IS NO PROOF TAT
PETITIONERHS CLAIM IS ALREA#, #!E AN#
LI3!I#ATE#.
Mamaril v. ,omin2o < ##7 &CRA #0+81((9
FACTS: TIS IS PETITION FOR !N#ER SECTION @ OF
ARTICLE I0 OF TE CONSTIT!TION AN# R!LE B- OF
TE RE$ISE# R!LES OF CO!RT TO SET ASI#E TE
#ECISION NO. 1B1= OF TE COMMISSION ON A!#IT
'COA+, FIN#IN" PETITIONER NE"LI"ENT IN TE
PERFORMANCE OF IS #!TIES AN# OL#IN" IM
LIABLE /OINTL, AN# SE$ERALL,, .IT TE A"ENC,
EA# OF TE LAN# TRANSPORTATION OFFICE 'LTO+.
PETITIONER CONTEN#E# TAT E CO!L# NOT BE
EL# LIABLE ON TE A!#IT #ISALLO.ANCES
BECA!SE E .AS NOT AN ACCO!NTABLE OFFICER
SINCE: 'A+ IS .OR7 .AS P!REL, CLERICALM 'B+ E
#I# NOT COME INTO POSSESSION OF AN, MONE, OR
PROPERT, FOR .IC E IS NO. AS7E# TO PA,M
AN# 'C+ E #I# NOT ACT IN BA# FAIT OR .IT
"ROSS.
Page 2' of 29
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT COALS #ECISION ERRE# IN
FIN#IN" TE PETITIONER LIABLE.
EL#: ART. I01# SECTION ('(+ STATES TAT TE COA
IS "I$EN TE 6E0CL!SI$E A!TORIT,, S!B/ECT TO
TE LIMITATIONS IN TIS ARTICLE, TO #EFINE TE
SCOPE OF ITS A!#IT AN# E0AMINATION, ESTABLIS
TE TECNI3!E AN# METO#S RE3!IRE#
TEREFORE, AN# PROM!L"ATE ACCO!NTIN" AN#
A!#ITIN" R!LES AN# RE"!LATIONS. TE
$ERIFICATION OF TE CORRECTNESS OF TE
E$AL!ATION AN# COMP!TATION OF TE FEES AN#
PENALTIES COLLECTIBLE !N#ER TE LAN#
TRANSPORTATION LA. ARE PARTS OF TE
F!NCTIONS OF TE COA, .IC E0AMINES AN#
A!#ITS RE$EN!E ACCO!NTS. .EN AN, PERSON IS
IN#EBTE# TO AN, "O$ERNMENT A"ENC,, TE COA
MA, #IRECT TE PROPER OFFICER TO .ITOL#
TE PA,MENT OF AN, MONE, #!E S!C PERSON OR
IS ESTATE TO BE APPLIE# IN SATISFACTION OF TE
IN#EBTE#NESS. LI7E.ISE, !N#ER TE MAN!AL ON
CERTIFICATE OF SETTLEMENT AN# BALANCES, A
"O$ERNMENT A!#ITOR IS EMPO.ERE# TO OR#ER
TE .ITOL#IN" OF TE PA,MENT OF AN,
MONE, #!E A PERSON #ETERMINE# TO BE LIABLE
FOR #ISALLO.ANCES, S!SPENSIONS, AN#, OTER
#EFICIENCIES IN TE ACCO!NTS A!#ITE#.
53ili11ine Airlines v. COA < #)5 &CRA ( 81((59
CIR v. COA < #1. &CRA #0 81((9
C&C v. 5o$re, GR 1+05+., &e1t. 15, #00)
Luciano @elos, et al. v. Commission On Au%it, GR
1(+77,+ &e1t. #0011
-o" &cout oC t3e 53ili11ines v. COA, GR 17711, 7
!une #011
,ela Llana v. COA < ++5 &CRA 17+ 8#01#9
Sett;e "overnment Acco?nt
53ili11ine O1erations, Inc. v. Au%itor General, ()
53il .+. 81(5:1(5)9
FACTS: PILIPPINE OPERATIONS, INC., 'POI+
ENTERE# INTO A BARTER A"REEMENT .IT TE
B!REA! OF PRISONS .EREB, IT A"REE# TO
#ELI$ER TO TE B!REA! A SA.MILL, COMPLETE,
.IT A #IESEL F!EL EN"INE, A STOP SA. E#"E AN#
LO" T!RNER, ETC., AN# T.O LCMS IN "OO#
T!RNIN" CON#ITION, IN E0CAN"E FOR *-),)))
BOAR# FEET OF SA.E# L!MBER. TE SA.MILL
MACINE #ELI$ERE# TO TE B!REA! .AS LAC7IN"
PARTS FOR TE INSTALLATION. #!E TO TE #EFECT,
TE B!REA! .O!L# NOT BE ABLE TO COMPLETE
TE #ELI$ER, OF SA.E# L!MBER. TE ATTORNE,
FOR POI FILE# A CLAIM .IT TE A!#ITOR
"ENERAL #EMAN#IN" TAT CAS PA,MENT OF
P@),))) BE PAI# TO IT, PL!S P*-,))) FOR #AMA"ES
S!FFERE#. TE A!#ITOR "ENERAL #ENIE# TE
CLAIM OF POI BECA!SE TE A"REEMENT ENTERE#
INTO .AS ONE OF BARTER AN# NO MONE,
CONSI#ERATION CAME TO MIN# AN# TAT TE
B!REA! OF PRISONS .AS .ILLIN" TOPER FORM ITS
PART OF TE OBLI"ATION.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE A!#ITOR "ENERAL
AS /!RIS#ICTION O$ER !NLI3!I#ATE# CLAIM
EL#: A!#ITOR "ENERAL AS NO /!RIS#ICTION OR
PO.ER TO TA7E CO"NI4ANCE OF CLAIMS FOR
!NLI3!I#ATE# #AMA"ES. ALL TAT IS $ESTE# IN
TE A!#ITOR "ENERAL IS TE SETTLEMENT OF
ACCO!NTS. 2ACCO!NTS , BECA!SE OF TE ABSENCE
OF AN, REASONS TO TE CONTRAR,, M!ST BE
#EEME# TO A$E TE SAME MEANIN" AS
ACCO!NTS !N#ER TE LA.S IN FORCE BEFORE TE
APPRO$AL OF TE CONSTIT!TION. ON TE MERITS
OF TE CLAIM, TE CLAIM OF TE PETITIONER FOR
#AMA"ES CANNOT BE S!STAINE#, FOR A#MITTIN"
TAT TE SAI# AMO!NTS REPRESENT TE
#IFFERENCE IN TE $AL!E BET.EEN TE L!MBER
#ELI$ERE# IN APRIL, 1%-), AN# TAT .IC .AS
TO BE #ELI$ERE# .ITIN TIRT, #A,S AFTER TE
INSTALLATION OF TE SA.MILL, TE #ELA, IN TE
#ELI$ER, .AS #!E TO PETITIONERHS O.N FA!LT,
NAMEL,, ITS FAIL!RE TO #ELI$ER TE SA.MILL
AN# TE LAN#IN" BAR"ES COMPLETE AN# IN
SATISFACTOR, CON#ITION IT A# "!ARANTEE#
TEM, AN# IN PART TO ITS #ESIRE TO CAN"E TE
L!MBER FOR S!RPL!S MATERIALS. FOR TE
FORE"OIN" CONSI#ERATIONS, TE PETITION FOR
RE$IE. IS EREB, #ISMISSE#, .IT COSTS
A"AINST TE PETITIONER.
IC'A v. Re1u$lic, #1 &CRA )0 81(+79
,in2con2 v. Guin2ona, 1+# &CRA 7.# 81(..9
FACTS: APPEAL ON CERTIORARI SEE7IN" TO ANN!L
AN# SET ASI#E TE #ECISION OF RESPON#ENT
COMMISSION ON A!#IT 'COA+ IN ITS #ISALLO.IN"
PETITIONERHS CLAIM FOR REIMB!RSEMENT OF
PA,MENTS E A# A#$ANCE# FOR SER$ICES
REN#ERE# ON 6PA7,AO6 BASIS IN TE RENO$ATION
AN# IMPRO$EMENT OF TE OFFICE OF TE B!REA!
OF TREAS!R,, LA,SON .AS IRE# AS A CAS!AL
EMPLO,EE IN TE B!REA! OF TREAS!R, OFFICE IN
OR#ER TO #O A.A, .IT TE IRIN" OF A PRI$ATE
CARPENTER AN# ELECTRICIAN. TE COMMISSION
ON A!#IT, .O AFFIRME# TE #ISALLO.ANCE AS
BEIN" 6E0CESSI$E AN# #ISA#$ANTA"EO!S TO TE
"O$ERNMENT.
ISS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE #ISALLO.ANCE AS
IN$ALI# FOR BEIN" A !S!RPATION OF A
MANA"EMENT F!NCTION AN# AN IMPAIRMENT OF
CONTRACT
EL#: RECO!RSE TO A 6PA7,AO6 LABOR CONTRACT,
TEREFORE, IS NOT NECESSARIL,
#ISA#$ANTA"EO!S. IN TIS CASE, IT .AS ENTERE#
INTO ONL, AFTER P!BLIC BI##IN" P!RS!ANT TO
E0ISTIN" RE"!LATIONS TRO!" CAN$ASS AMON"
TREE 3!ALIFIE# 6BI##ERS.6 SINCE LA,SON
S!BMITTE# TE LO.EST PRICE, EAC CONTRACT
.AS A.AR#E# TO IM. TE CO!RT ALSO NOTES
Page 2$ of 29
TAT LA,SON .AS S!BSE3!ENTL, IRE# AS A
CAS!AL IN TE B!REA! OF TREAS!R, OFFICE IN
OR#ER TO #O A.A, .IT TE IRIN" OF A
CARPENTER AN# ELECTRICIAN, TEREB,
E0IBITIN" AN A.ARENESS ON PETITIONERHS PART
OF "O$ERNMENT INTERESTS AN# A POSITI$E
EFFORT TO A$AIL OF COST1C!TTIN" OPTIONS.
.EREFORE, TE #ECISION OF TE COMMISSION
ON A!#IT IS EREB, SET ASI#E, AN# IT IS EREB,
OR#ERE# TO REF!N# TO PETITIONER TE
#ISALLO.E# ITEM
'4C v. COA < ##+ &CRA 55 81((9
*AC/&: ForeiCn ;o:ns ?s?:;;< o9;iC:te de9tor co?ntr< to
8ire eKp:tri:te cons?;t:nts. T8is p:rt oD t8e p:cE:Ce m:Ees
t8ese ;o:ns more onero?s. T8e petition :t 9:r :ss:i;s t8e
dis:;;o>:nce 9< t8e respondent COA oD : contr:ct eKtendinC
t8e services oD : DoreiCn cons?;t:nt on t8e Cro?nd t8:t 8is
>orE co?;d >e;; 9e perDormed 9< Fi;ipinos. S?pp;ement:;
contr:ct >:s revie>ed in post :?dit 9< t8e tec8nic:; services
oDDice :nd Do?nd o?t t8:t 9:sed on s?9mitted doc?ments, it
>:s noted t8:t t8is s?pp;ement:; contr:ct 8:s no :pprov:;
Drom 7redit:nst:;t F?r .eider:?D9:? '7F.+ :nd t8e
secret:r< oD p?9;ic >orEs :nd 8iC8>:<s, t8e o?tp?t
reJ?irements :re not speciDied :nd t8ere is no contr:ct
provision Dor ;iJ?id:ted d:m:Ces in c:se oD de;:< in proGect
comp;etion :ttri9?ted to direct D:?;t oD t8e cons?;t:nt. NC
Di;ed t8e inst:nt petition Dor certior:ri.
I&&0E: .8et8er or not t8e COA :cted 9e<ond its
constit?tion:;;< Cr:nted po>ers 9< dis:;;o>inC : d?;<
entered contr:ct, v:;id, reC?;:r, >it8 :;; t8e Dorm:;ities oD
;:>.
4EL,: T8e petition ;:cEs merit. T8e po>er oD t8e
commission on :?dit to :?dit :nd eK:mine Covernment
eKpendit?res is ens8rined in section ( '1+, :rtic;e I01d oD t8e
1%&@ constit?tion. T8e constit?tion :;so Cr:nted to COA t8e
po>er to 6prom?;C:te :cco?ntinC :nd :?ditinC r?;es :nd
reC?;:tions, inc;?dinC t8ose Dor t8e prevention :nd
dis:;;o>:nce oD irreC?;:r, ?nnecess:r<, eKcessive,
eKtr:v:C:nt, or ?nconscion:9;e eKpendit?res, or ?ses oD
Covernment D?nds :nd properties.6 p?rs?:nt to t8e s:id
constit?tion:; m:nd:te, COA prom?;C:ted circ?;:r no. &&1
--1A deDininC t8e term 6?nnecess:r<6 eKpendit?res. T8ere
c:n 9e no disp?te on t8e proposition t8:t t8e contin?ed
eKtension oD t8e services oD enCr. M?rdoc8 :s : DoreiCn
cons?;t:nt constit?tes :t t8e ver< ;e:st :n ?nnecess:r<
eKpense.
Euro:Me% v. 5rovince oC -atan2as, )(5 &CRA 0
8#00+9
FACTS: TE PRO$INCE OF BATAN"AS, TRO!" TE
$ARIO!S A!TORI4E# REPRESENTATI$ES OF TE
"O$ERNMENT OSPITALS B, E!RO ME#
LABORATORIES, .ERE I#ENTIFIE# TO A$E
P!RCASE# $ARIO!S INTRA$ENO!S FL!I#S 'I$F+
.IC .ERE PRO#!CTS OF TE PETITIONER. TE
RESPON#ENT .AS FO!N# TO A$E AN !NPAI#
BALANCE OF P=&@,BB(.&) .IC .ERE E$I#ENCE#
B, IN$OICES RECEI$E# AN# SI"NE# B, #EFEN#ANT
S A!TORI4E# REPRESENTATI$ES. O$ER TE
CO!RSE OF TE TRIAL .ERE TE PETITIONER S
SI#E CONCL!#E# TEIR PRESENTATION OF
E$I#ENCE, TE RESPON#ENT FILE# A MOTION TO
#ISMISS ON TE "RO!N# TAT TE PRIMAR,
/!RIS#ICTION O$ER TE MONE, CLAIM IS .IT TE
COMMISSION ON A!#IT 'COA+.
ISS!E: .O AS PRIMAR, /!RIS#ICTION O$ER TE
CASE: COAORTCF
EL#: MERITS OF TE CASE IS .ELL .ITIN TE
/!RIS#ICTION OF COA.
#eDine Scope :nd Tec8niJ?es oD A?ditinC Proced?res
,anville Maritime v. COA,175 &CRA 701 81(.(9
FACTS: PETITION FORCERTIORARI .EREIN
PETITIONER 3!ESTIONS TE LETTER1#IRECTI$E OF
TE RESPON#ENT COMMISSION ON A!#IT FOR
#ISAPPRO$IN" TE RES!LT OF TE P!BLIC BI##IN"
EL# B, TE PILIPPINE NATIONAL OIL COMPAN,
OF TE SALE OF ITS TAN7ER1$ESSEL 6TOT AN#RES
BONIFACIO. PETITIONER POINTS O!T TAT BOT
P.#. 1==- AN# COA CIRC!LAR NO. &B1 (B= #O NOT
#EFINE 6FAIL!RE OF P!BLIC BI##IN",6 SO TE COA
COMMITTE# A "RA$E ERROR .EN IT #ECLARE#
TAT A ONE1BI##ER SIT!ATION CONSTIT!TES S!C
6FAIL!RE OF P!BLIC BI##IN". I
SS!E: .ETER OR NOT TE P!BLIC RESPON#ENT
COA COMMITTE# A "RA$E AB!SE OF #ISCRETION
.EN IT R!LE# TAT TERE .AS A FAIL!RE OF
BI##IN" .EN ONL, ONE BI# .AS S!BMITTE# AN#
S!BSE3!ENTL, OR#ERE# A REBI##IN"
EL#: TE PETITION IS EREB, #ISMISSE# FOR
LAC7 OF MERIT .E SEE NO REASON TO #IST!RB TE
INTERPRETATION "I$EN B, TE COA TO TE TERM
6P!BLIC BI##IN"6 AN# .AT CONSTIT!TES ITS
6FAIL!RE.6 NO LESS TAN TE CONSTIT!TION AS
OR#AINE# TAT TE COA SALL A$E E0CL!SI$E
A!TORIT, TO #EFINE TE SCOPE OF ITS A!#IT AN#
E0AMINATION, ESTABLIS TE TECNI3!ES AN#
METO#S RE3!IRE# TEREFORE, AN#
PROM!L"ATE ACCO!NTIN" AN# A!#ITIN" R!LES
AN# RE"!LATIONS, INCL!#IN" TOSE FOR TE
PRE$ENTION AN# #ISALLO.ANCE OF IRRE"!LAR,
!NNECESSAR,, E0CESSI$E, E0TRA$A"ANT, OR
!NCONSCIONABLE E0PEN#IT!RES, OR !SE OF
"O$ERNMENT F!N#S AN# PROPERTIES
Prom?;C:te Acco?ntinC :nd A?ditinC R?;es
Le"cano v. COA, ).# &CRA #15
#ecide Administr:tive C:ses Invo;vinC EKpendit?res oD
P?9;ic F?nds
'CM4 v. COA, #+5 &CRA (0 81((+9
Ramos v. ABuino, ( &CRA #5+ 81(719
FACTS: A constit?tion:; J?estion >it8 :n e;ement oD
nove;t< is r:ised in t8is :ppe:; Drom : ;o>er co?rt order
dismissinC :n :ction Dor certior:ri :nd pro8i9ition :C:inst
t8e t8en respondent Fisc:; oD RiI:;, BenG:min . AJ?ino, to
Page 29 of 29
prevent 8im Drom cond?ctinC : pre;imin:r< investiC:tion. It
is >8et8er t8ere is :n encro:c8ment on t8e constit?tion:;
preroC:tives oD t8e A?ditor "ener:; iD, :Dter t8e Din:;
:pprov:; oD cert:in vo?c8ers 9< 8im >it8o?t :n :ppe:; 9einC
m:de, :n inJ?ir< 9< : provinci:; Disc:; to determine >8et8er
crimin:; ;i:9i;it< Dor m:;vers:tion t8ro?C8 D:;siDic:tion oD
p?9;ic, oDDici:; :nd commerci:; doc?ments 9:sed t8ereon
co?;d ;:>D?;;< 9e cond?cted.It >:s D?rt8er contended t8:t
t8e decisions oD t8e A?ditor1"ener:; on t8e correctness oD
t8e vo?c8ers on >8ic8 t8e :;;eCed oD c:ses >ere 9:sed
8:vinC 9ecome Din:; :nd irrevoc:9;e, not even t8e co?rts
co?;d s?9stit?te its DindinCs. Ot8er>ise t8e provision oD ;:>
t8:t vo?c8ers, c;:ims or :cco?nts 6once Din:;;< sett;ed s8:;;
in no c:se 9e opened or revie>ed eKcept :s 8erein provided6
>o?;d 9e me:ninC;ess iD t8e :rm< :?t8orities :nd
respondent Fisc:; >ere permitted to proceed >it8 t8e
pre;imin:r< investiC:tion to determine >8et8er crimin:;
c:se co?;d 9e Di;ed.
ISS!E: ID t8e Commission 8:s :;re:d< p:ssed :n :cco?nt in
:?dit, m:< t8e Disc:; sti;; ;ooE into it Dor t8e p?rpose oD
determininC possi9;e crimin:; ;i:9i;it<
EL#: ,es. T8e CommissionLs interest is mere;<
:dministr:tive :nd not crimin:;. T8e D:ct t8:t petitionersH
:cco?nts :nd vo?c8ers 8:d 9een p:ssed in :?dit is not :
Cro?nd Dor enGoininC t8e provinci:; Disc:; Drom cond?ctinC :
pre;imin:r< investiC:tion Dor t8e p?rpose oD determininC t8e
crimin:; ;i:9i;it< oD petitioners Dor m:;vers:tion oD p?9;ic
D?nds t8ro?C8 D:;siDic:tion oD p?9;ic doc?ments. COAHs
:pprov:; oD petitionerHs dis9?rsements on;< re;:tes to t8e
:dministr:tive :spect oD t8e m:tter oD 8is :cco?nt:9i;it< 9?t
it does not Dorec;ose t8e Om9?dsm:nHs :?t8orit< to
investiC:te :nd determine >8et8er t8ere is : crime to 9e
prosec?ted Dor >8ic8 petitioner is :ns>er:9;e.
&alva v. Cara2ue, 511 &CRA #5.
Cit" oC -asilan v. 4ec3anova, 5. &CRA 711 81(7)9
Section *. COA /?risdiction
Luciano @eloso v. Commisssion on Au%it, GR
1(+77, + &e1tem$er #011
Section =. Ann?:; Report to t8e President :nd to ConCress