Experiment # 12

Marking Scheme Explained

Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
AS A RULE:
The significance of
the measurement
recorded on the
paper is ALWAYS as
accurate as the
smallest scale
division of the
measuring
instrument.
As l is measured
in m using a metre
rule (which has a least
count of 1mm =
0.001m), l is noted
correct to 3 decimal
places. Units are also
important.

THE EXCEPTION TO THE RULE:
Time. Time is not recorded to a
significance level that is restricted
by the measuring instrument simply
because the Human Reaction Time
Error (HRTE) is much larger than
the instruments smallest scale
division. Hence HRTE controls the
significance. The HRTE is generally
taken as +/- 0.5 seconds (1
decimal place) for every start/stop
operation.
0.480
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
0.480
Time for at least 20 oscillations.
For each value of l, you are expected to record two readings
for the time of 20 oscillations and then average them out.
Time (raw) is only noted correct to 1 decimal place as the
human reaction error is 0.5 s every time you click the
stopwatch. Compared to that 0.01s (using a digital stopwatch)
isnt significant enough to worry about.
T
1
/s T
2
/s T
Avg
/s

T/s
27.6 27.9 27.8 1.39
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
0.480
T
1
/s T
2
/s T
Avg
/s

T/s
27.6 27.9 27.8 1.39
The calculated period
T is given correct to
3 s.f.(same as the
raw data)or 4 s.f.
(one more than the
raw data).

1.39
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
Both axes should be labelled with quantities plotted with their
appropriate units.
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
Scales must be
such that the
plotted points
occupy at least half
the graph grid in
both the
x and y directions.
Do not choose awkward scales such as 3:10
or with large gaps in the scale (i.e. 4 large
squares or more).
Mark all major lines on both
axes.
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
L.O.B.F.
Extend the line till
it intersects
the ends of the
graph.
Quality of Result depends on the
scatter of your plots.
At least 4 out of 6 plots on the
line are esirable.
There must be a reasonable
balance of points about the
L.O.B.F.
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
The hypotenuse used to
determine the gradient
should be at least half the
length of the L.O.B.F.
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
The independent points
selected on the L.O.B.F.
should be stated clearly for
the examiner. The gradient
should be calculated using
these coordinates.
In this case the graph has a false origin, use your
equation of the graph to determine the y-intercept.
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen
3.13 s
2
m
-1

y=mx + c
C=0.374
0.374 s
2

S.No l/m
For 20 oscillations
T/s

T
2
/s
2


t1/s t2/s tavg /s
1 0.180 19.3 19.2 19.3 0.965 0.931
2 0.240 20.9 21.2 21.2 1.06 1.12
3 0.300 22.6 22.6 22.6 1.13 1.28
4 0.360 24.0 24.3 24.2 1.21 1.46
5 0.420 26.0 25.9 26.0 1.30 1.69
6 0.480 27.6 27.9 27.8 1.39 1.93
C=1.00-0.626
1.00=3.13(0.200) + c
Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen

2
= [
4
2

:
] l + z
4
2

+
=
+
4
2
(0.100)
9.81 0.100:
=3.13
3.948=3.13(0.981 + 9.81M)
Y X
c
=
m
3.948=3.071 + 30.71M
30.71M=0.877
M=0.02856
M=0.0286 kg
z=y-intercept
z=0.374
0.374 s
2

Shaikh Mohammed Ehsen