Professional Documents
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Schimbare calitativ
I.c
Sistem
centralizat i
organizat
ierarhic, bazat pe
distana social
i pe repartizarea
simbolic a
rolurilor sociale
Rezultatul unui calcul
raional, care are n
vedere beneficiile,
oportunitile i
costurile angajrii n
micri de
redimensionare a
sistemului social,
posibil numai n
contextul unei eliberri
cognitive (McAdam,
1982) produse la nivelul
schemelor de
interpretare a lumii
(Goffman,1974/1986 )
Parte nc nedifereniat
din grupuri crora li se
atribuie o raionalitate
mprtit cu individul
comun, care, dei rmne,
circumscris categoriei
adepilor, este nvestit
cu o subectivitate
semnificativ.
Grupurile organizate n
vederea iniierii
schimbrior sociale se
afl pe o poziie de
simbolic egalitate cu
actorii tradiionali, n
ceea ce privete
raionalitatea
aciunilor ntreprinse.
Modelul
procesului politic
anii 70 -80 :
Percepiile
subiective
mprtite au
valoare
obiectiv
Extinderea plajei conceptuale
II Sistem
centralizat i
organizat
arborescent,
bazat pe distana
social i
repartizarea
simbolic a
rolurilor sociale
Rezultatul renegocierii
sensurilor acordate
actorilor sociali i
experienelor de via
(Lynch, 2005; Gardner,
2001; McGoldrick &
Lynch, 2000;Poletta,
1998a, 1998b)
Individul comun, prin
mprtirea propriei
subiectiviti, particip
pasiv la schimbarea
social.
Individul comun se
afl n relaie de
reciproc provocare
cu actorii tradiionali,
n ceea ce privete
stabilirea coninutului
ariei de
acceptabilitate
public.
Teoria
naraiunilor
(naraiunile
indivizilor,
naraiunile
micrilor sociale)
anii 90 2000 :
Experiena
personal i
contiina
individual snt
bunuri publice
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Schimbarea de paradigm prefigurat de McLuhan (1964/2001)- Schimbare calitativ
III.a Sistem
centralizat i
organizat
arborescent,
bazat pe distana
social redus i
repartizarea
simbolic i
flexibil a
rolurilor sociale
Rezultatul participrii
active a individului
comun la realitatea
social (Shirky, 2008;
Howard , 2000).
Individul comun particip
activ la schimbarea
social, prin
determinarea aciunilor
actorilor tradiionali sau
prin cooperarea direct
cu acetia.
Individul comun se
afl ntr-o relaie de
simbolic egalitate cu
actorii tradiionali n
ceea ce privete
capacitatea de
determinare i
control, precum i n
ceea ce privete
dreptul i capacitatea
sa de a influena
societatea prin
participare activ.
Teoria reelelor -
Modelul
democraiei
descentralizate
(Shirkey, 2008)
i Modelul e-
democraiei
(Howard, 2000)
sfritul primei
decade a anilor
2000: Ce poate fi
fcut de sus
poate fi fcut i de
jos
Schimbarea de paradigm Salt ctre o nou viziune asupra lumii
III.b Sistem
descentralizat,
organizat pe
orizontal,
bazat pe auto-
distribuirea
rolurilor sociale
Rezultatul aciunii
directe asupra lumii,
prin auto-organizare
spontan (Steven, 2002;
Lebkowsky, 2005;
Brafman & Beckstrom,
2006; Falkinge, 2013)
Auto-organizarea se
bazeaz pe: libertate,
autonomie, iniiativ
individual, creativitate,
sensibilitate social..
Individul comun particip
activ la transformarea
social prin auto-
organizare i aciune
direct.
Individul comun se
afl ntr-o relaie de
relativ putere fa de
actorii tradiionali, la
care se raporteaz doar
pentru a-i apra i
spori ganiele
autonomiei (Joyce,
2010; Meier, 2011,
Brafman & Beckstrom,
2006; Falkinge, 2013)
Teoria reelelor
Modelul
democraiei
emergente
(Steven, 2002) i
Modelul
Democraiei
extreme
(Lebkowsky,
2005) sfritul
primei decade a
anilor 2000, dup
dezvoltarea Web
2.0: cei 99% nu
au lideri
Dup cum se poate observa, receptarea individului comun att n plan teoretic, ct i n n planul
mentalului colectiv, devine din ce n ce mai complex, culminnd prin staturarea centralitii
acestuia n spaiul social (Tornero & Varis, 2010). Micrile sociale protestatare precum cele
pentru aprarea drepturilor digitale sau cele de tip Occupy sau Indignados, alturi de numeroase
alte manifestri circumscrise aceluiai curent al descentralizrii i mputernicirii individului
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comun se legitimizeaz printr-un profil ideal al acestuia din urm, care, printre alte trsturi
(Tornero & Varis, 2010; Brafman & Beckstrom, 2006), implic o raionalitate stabil, care nu se
confund, ns, cu raionalitatea presupus n dicotomia obiectivism/subiectivism, respectiv,
gndire/emoionalitate.
De aceea, studiul a cutat s testeze stabilitatea acestei raionaliti atribuite nativilor digitali,
care mprtesc noua viziune asupra lumii ca spaiu descentralizat (Tornero &Varis, 2010;
Brafman & Beckstorm, 2006; Howe & Strauss, 2000) . Au fost selectate materiale care vizeaz
reflectarea realitii sociale n state autoritariste tocmai pentru a evidenia posibilul impact al
schimbrii de paradigm n spaiul socio-mediatic, evitnd contaminarea rezultatelor de efectele
unei tradiii politice democratice, ntemeiate pe tipul ideal al statului liberal.
Investigarea curbei de cretere a nivelului de raionalitate indicat n discursurile colectate indic,
ntr-adevr relativa stabilitate a raionalitii, pe parcursul celor cinci ani avui n vedere, fr a fi
influenat n mod signifiant de disturbrile violente la nivel socio-politic.
LIMITELE CERCETRII I DIRECII
DE CERCETARE ULTERIOAR
Studiul se limiteaz la investigarea materialelor asociate cu cazuistica socio-politic a doar dou
state i toate materialele au fost colectate din aceeai surs, din motive explicate n seciunea de
prezentare general a cercetrii i n cea de prezentare a metodologiei folosite. O extindere a
eantionului investigat, prin integrarea cazuisticii aferente altor state este binevenit n vederea
asigurrii n privina generalizrii rezultatelor obinute. De asemenea, replici ale acestui studiu,
pe o perioad mai restrns de observaie, dar cu un eantion mai diversificat n ceea ce privete
sursele de colectare a materialelor, snt, de asemenea, binevenite.
Dup cum a fost deja menionat, cercetarea poate sta la baza unor studii referitoare la orientarea
noilor micri sociale nspre valorizarea autenticitii (Grim, 2005), pe msur aspectele formale
50
snt tot mai puin reprezentative penntru tipul de gndire al nativilor digitali (Steven, 2002;
Lebkowsky, 2005; Brafman & Beckstrom, 2006; Falkinge, 2013).
Poate c cea mai important direcie de cercetare se refer, ns, la investigarea
comportamentelor mixte, ale indivizilor care stpnesc practicile mediatice, fr a fi integrat i
fondul principial al viziunii asupra lumii ca spaiu descentralizat,sau ale celor care au integrat
principiile viziunii asupra lumii ca spaiu descentralizat, fr a stpni ns practicile mediatice.
n primul caz, se poate emite ipoteza c aria de extindere a contiinei universaliste (Salgado &
Oceja, 2011) presupuse de spaiul digital trans-naional este mai restrns, ceea ce conduce la o
instrumentare glocal a uneltelor digitale n vederea atigerii att a unor obiective locale, integrate
n tipologia cauzeleor trans-naionale, ct i n vederea atingerii unor obiective pragmatice, care
vizeaz accesul la putere. Revoluia Arab ar putea fi descris din aceast perspectiv. n ceea ce
privete al doilea caz enunat, este necesar s se investigheze ritmul de deprindere a abilitilor
de utilizare a instrumentelor digitale de ctre indivizii care mprtesc fondul principial al
viziunii asupra lumii ca sistem descentralizat, deoarece acetia snt predispui s acioneze fr a-
i lua msurile de siguran n vedere protejrii anonimatului pe internet, ceea ce i transform n
victime ale regimurilor politice autoritariste, sau nu (Morozov, 2011).
51
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