CERVICAL CARCINOMA

YOHANES SATRYA WIBAWA

030.09.275

CERVICAL CANCER
Cervical cancer is malignant neoplasm of
the cervix uteri or cervical area.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a
necessary factor in the development of
nearly 70% of cases of cervical cancer. These
two HPV strains together are currently
responsible for approximately 70% of all
cervical cancers.
ETIOLOGY
Human papillomavirus infection
The most important risk factor.
Works by triggering alterations in the cells of the
cervix the development of cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia cancer
More than 150 types of HPV are acknowledged to
exist.
sexually transmitted disease
HPV can be transmitted by skin-to-skin-contact
with infected areas
COFACTORS
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Smoking
HIV infection
Chlamydia infection
Dietary factors
Hormonal contraception
Multiple pregnancies
Family history of cervical cancer.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Early stages Asymptomatic
Moderate pain during sexual intercourse
Vaginal bleeding malignancy
Advance symptoms :
loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, pelvic pain, back
pain, leg pain, single swollen leg, heavy bleeding from
the vagina, leaking of urine or feces from the vagina and
bone fractures.



STAGING OF CERVICAL CANCER
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
DIAGNOSIS
Biopsy (colposcopy)
DIAGNOSIS(2)
LEEP( Loop Electrical Excision Procedure)
PREVENTION
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention

PRIMARY PREVENTION
SECONDARY PREVENTION
AWARENESS
SCREENING

TREATMENT
Hysterectomy
Trachelectomy
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
PROGNOSIS
Depend on the stage of the cancer.
Drops dramatically as the cancer
metastasizes.

REFERENCES
"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines: Q & A - National
Cancer Institute". Retrieved 2008-07-18
"What Causes Cancer of the Cervix?". American Cancer
Society. 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2007-12-02
Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell,
Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology ((8th ed.) ed.).
Saunders Elsevier. pp. 718721
Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, et al (1999).
"Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive
cervical cancer worldwide". J. Pathol. 189 (1): 129.
Nanda, Rita (2006-06-09). "Cervical cancer". MedlinePlus
Medical Encyclopedia. National Institutes of Health.
Retrieved 2007-12-02.