Child Development

Miss Dobson
Food and
Nutrition

FOOD AND NUTRITION

4 week
topic

Learning objective(s)

Understand the process of starting children off with a healthy

diet.

Learning Outcomes.

Explore the difference between breast and bottle feeding

Understand the different stages of weaning

Research the advice professionals give to parents

Understand the principles of food safety

WHAT YOU

NEED TO KNOW FOR THE EXAM

 Weaning
should
be
introduced from 6 months
onwards
There are 3 stages to
weaning.
When a child is on solid food
they should be fed according
to the eat well plate.
Portions
should
be
monitored
Water should always be
made available

QUESTIONS
1.Why do you think it is important to encourage
a good diet from an early age?
2.Why do you think the government issues the
eat well plate?
3.Why do you think the government gives advice
to new parents about feeding and eating?
4.Why do you think the eat well plate is not
suitable for children under the age of 2?
5.What is the function of protein to the human
body?
6.What is the function of carbohydrates to the
human body?
7.What is the function of fat to the human body?

Components of a balanced diet

TASK
Create a list of your most favourite foods
By the end of todays lessons you will have created a
food plate of the different components of a balanced
diet and understand their uses to the human body.

TASK
Label all your favourite foods into the components
below groups
1- PROTEINS 2- CARBOHYDRATES 3 FATS 4 VITIMINS A-E 5 IRON 6 CALCIUM 7
DIETARY FIBRE

Creating our own food plate

TASK 1
Research all the
various types of
foods that can be
found
in
each
component.

TASK 4
Each student will write a
description of how their food
group helps the human body
function.

TASK 2
Research the term Food Plate
and find out how much of each
component we should have in
our diets. Create that food plate
onto a piece of A3 paper

TASK 3
Using a piece of A3 paper,
create a food plate by
drawing, printing and
sticking all the ranges of
foods onto your plate.

Todays Aims

To know about breast and bottle feeding.

To understand the advantages and disadvantages of

breast and bottle feeding a new born baby.

Breast feeding is considered to be the best method

for feeding because breast milk is ideally suited to
the baby and is rich in P_________
and
rotein
bodies
anti___________
to protect the baby from infection.
If a mother is breast feeding they are often referred
to as a __________
mother or she is said to be
nursing
L_______________.
actating
It is during __________________
pregnancy
that the
estrogen
hormones progesterone and o_______________
milk
stimulate the _______
glands to produce
olostrom
C___________,
after the birth the breast produces
milk.
olostrom
C______________
is the first milk from the
mothers breast, which is a clear
_________ liquid and is
produced for 3-5 days.

Food is a basic need of a newborn baby. Babies

suck
are born with the natural reflex to _________.
If a
breast
baby is put to a mothers __________
after birth it
will begin to ________.
suck

The Breast
Milk Glands
Milk Glands

Reservoir Milk

Fat

Areola
Milk Duct

Milk Duct

Nipple

Nipple

Areola

Fat

Reservoir for
Milk

The hormone PROLACTIN stimulates the production of milk

The hormone OXYTOCIN stimulates the flow of milk

Some mothers choose to bottle feed

their babies. If the baby is bottle-fed
there is no reason why they should not
thrive and develop in the same way as
a breastfed baby.

F________
ormula
milks are in powder form
and need _______
making up into feed.

Bottle

Feeding

Bottles come in different s_________

hapes
izes
and s_____.
They include a bottle,
id T____
eat
eck
L__,
and a wide n____.
The h_____
in the teat controls the
ole
ig
flow of milk. If the hole is too b____
too much milk is released and the
baby can ch_____.
oke
All equipment must be s_________
terilised
after use.

ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Breast milk is free
Babies can take a while to
It helps to develop a bond
latch on to the nipple
between mother and baby
properly
It helps the mothers uterus
Nipples can get chapped
to contract back to the
and sore
original shape
If the breast is very full of
It uses up to 200 500
milk, it is difficult for the
calories a day
baby to suck
No preparation needed
It is hard for the mother to
Breast Pump Expressing
Contains exact
know how much
A breast pump is used
to pump milk out of the
nutrients for the
milk the baby is
breast.
baby.
consuming
This is called
expressing the milk.
The milk contains
The breast milk
The expressed milk is
fed to the baby using a
antibodies
can leak leaving
bottle and teat.
Milk is the right
the mother
The baby gets the
benefits of breast milk,
temperature
feeling
but the mother does not have to be around all
the time to breastfeed.
uncomfortable.

Tasks

1.Use the revision guide to complete

the advantages and disadvantages
of bottle feeding.
2.Cut out the individual pictures and
place them in order of how you
would prepare and make up a
bottle of formula to feed a baby.

3.Check your answers then stick in

order on your sheet

1.

Did you get it right? Check your answers

Boil kettle, let it
7.
cool.
Wash hands

2.

8.

3.

Read
instructions

4.

Add correct
amount of water
to bottle.

5.

6.

Add correct
amount of
formula
Mix by gently
shaking

Cool to feeding
temperature by
running under
cold water
Dry outside of
bottle

9.

Check
temperature by
adding a small
amount to the
inside of the
wrist

10.

Feed infant or
store in the
fridge

11.

Through away
any formula that
has not been
consumed
within 2 hours

TASK- Bullet point advice you would give to new parents when starting to wean.
Answers to follow

 Dont start weaning until baby 6 months

Sterilize all equipment
Offer very small amounts at first
Offer baby spoon of food after one milk feed in the day to start
Offer good bland food, e.g. baby rice
Other suitable foods are pureed fruits and vegetables
Do not add sugar or salt
Do not used wheat-based foods
Increase the amount of food very gradually
Never introduce more than one new food at a time
As food increases start to decrease milk
Never force feed a baby
Use foods appropriate for the stages
Persevere with weaning

Here is an example of
snack items which are
offered to reception
children aged 4-5
years old.

Children aged 4-6 are now given a free

piece of fruit each day at school to
encourage them to eat healthier.

Benefits of introducing healthy

snacks
Helps children understand what
a snack is
Gives a boost of energy to carry
on learning/playing
Encourages children to make
better decisions themselves
They
understand
portion
control
Develops lifelong eating habits
Less likely to want sugary/fatty
food when at home
Tackle the growing issue of
childhood obesity

From September 2014, all

children in the first 3 years
of
primary
school
(reception, Year 1 and Year
2) are now entitled to free
school meals. The reasons
were;
Encourage
social
interaction
Improve
academic
attainment
Save families over 400 a
year in costs
Provides a hot school
meal
Children more likely to
eat vegetables
Teaches healthy habits at
a young age

Children aged 4-6 are now given a

free piece of fruit each day at school
to encourage them to eat healthier.

Using your free piece of fruit

and utensils provided,
1. Create an attractive and
interesting
display
that
would encourage a child to
eat it.
2. Take a picture of it and print
3. Stick it into your book and
label by explaining what you
did and how it will
encourage children to eat it.

Exam Question

Parents can find weaning difficult. State 6 tips to encourage weaning,

plan a 3 course meal for a toddler to encourage weaning. (12 Marks)
How can you get your toddler to try new foods
Introduce only one new food at a time. Serve it
with other foods that your child likes and at a time
when your child is hungry and in good spirits.
Let your child examine the food by smelling and
touching it. Encourage one bite to taste but don't
force the issue if your child won't try it. Don't be
discouraged if your child refuses it; try again
another time.

Sometimes toddlers will only eat one food or one kind

of food. This is a normal part of toddler development
and won't last long - as long as you don't make an
issue of them eg. Bread and jam

What is the function and sources of the major

nutrients in the diet, e.g. protein, fats,
carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals?
How can you encourage weaning?
Protein Builds muscle
Carbohydrates energy
Fat insulation and protection
of vital organs like kidneys
Vitamins C protects against
colds and flues, K helps the
blood to clot
Minerals iron for the blood,
calcium for teeth and bones
Water Hydration and regulates
the blood flow

Exam Practice-Can you?

Explain

the choice between breast and

bottle feeding?
How to introduce mixed feeding (weaning)
and to experience the range of food
products available?
How to encourage healthy attitudes to food
and eating patterns in childhood?
The function and sources of the major
nutrients in the diet, e.g. protein, fats,
carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals?
The importance of healthy eating and its
relationship to diet-related illnesses?

Watch the various

videos on food and
nutrition and make
notes in your
purple books.

Logon to NHS
Choices using the
link below

Click here

Or cut and paste this link into your search engine

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/foods-to-avoidbaby.aspx#close

 Todays objective is to understand special dietary needs based on children's

cultural and environmental issues e.g. vegetarian, diabetic, allergies.
SPECIAL DIETARY NEED

EXAMPLE

Intolerances

Eggs
Gluten
Lactose

Allergies

Nuts
Chemical additives

Vegetarian/Vegan

Meat and diary produce

Diabetic

Blood sugar

Cultural

Muslim
Jewish
Sikh

TASK
You are going to create a
handbook entitled SPECIAL
DIETARY
NEEDS
and
research all 5 in the table.
You must explain;
What each one is.
Food that is to be
avoided.
Illnesses that may occur
from consuming this
food.
Ethical reasons why
people dont consume
certain food.
Food choices they can
have.

MOST COMMON CAUSES OF FOOD

POISONING
Undercooked food
Cross contamination
cooked food

of

raw

and

Eating food out of date (use by)

Not washing hands

Not storing food that needs to be

chilled.
Eating food that has been touched by
someone ill e.g. sickness, flu etc.

DESCRIBE HOW YOU THINK THEY

OCCUR?

TASK1. Copy the chart and notes

2. Give 5 reasons why you
think bacteria may multiply
on food

Hygiene Practices in food

preparation

Store food in a fridge

Wash hands before starting
Turn off oven when done
Keep pets outside the kitchen
Clean surfaces with
antibacterial spray
Dispose of left overs sensibly
Check food is in date
Dont mix raw and cooked
food
Clean away all utensils
Cook at the right
temperature
Handle sharp knives safely
Do not leave food out or
uncovered
Serve food whilst hot/warm

TASK
Put the practices to the
left into the correct
order and in the style
of a flow chart above.