NINETEENTH-CENTURY PROGRESS

p. 328-333

Objectives
Describe inventions of the late 19th century and their
impact on daily life
Trace advances in medicine and science
Describe the emergence of the social sciences
Explain the rise of mass culture

Enclosure
Movement

Cotton
Press

Spinning
Jenny

Internal
Combustion

Electric
Generator

Crop
Rotation

Agricultural
Revolution

Steam
/coal
power

Gasoline

Electricity

Selective
Breading

Seed
Press

Industrial
Revolution

Factories

INVENTIONS MAKE LIFE EASIER

Edison the Inventor

Bell & Marconi Revolutionize Communication

Thomas Edison

Alexander Graham Bell

Over 1000 inventions

Incandescent light bulb
Phonograph

Telephone

Menlo Park, New Jersey

Research laboratory
Allowed other inventors to develop their ideas

Guglielmo Marconi

Radio waves
Wireless communication
Morse Code
Primitive radios used on ships at seas

INVENTIONS MAKE LIFE EASIER

FORD SPARKS THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

1880s German Gasoline powered

cars

Standardization

Hand built & expensive

Assembly Line

Standardization interchangeable parts

Interchangeable
parts

INVENTIONS MAKE LIFE EASIER

The Wright Brother Fly

Bicycle mechanics from Dayton

Wilber & Orville Wright
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
59 sec flight changed the world

NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE

The Germ Theory of Disease

Louis Pasteur

Joseph Lister

Examining fermentation of
alcohol
Microscopic organisms

Surgeon
Links bacteria to infections
from surgery
Surgery wards kept clean
Antiseptics
85% of patients survive their
surgeries

Pasteurization
Heating liquid to kill
bacteria

NEW IDEAS IN SCIENCE

Mendel and Genetics

Darwins Theory of Evolution

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

Traits are passed down through our genes

Inherited

H.M.S. Beagle
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Population grows faster than food supply
Best adapted to their environment survives

Theory of Evolution

NEW IDEAS IN SCIENCE

Advances in Chemistry and Physics

John Dalton

Marie and Pierre Curie

All matter is made up of tiny particles call atoms

Elements contain one type of atom

Discovered two missing elements

Radium
Polonium

Dmitri Mendeleev
Organized the known elements
Predicted more elements would be discovered
left room
Periodic Table

Radioactivity
Energy released from atoms decaying

Won the Noble Prize in 1911

Died from long-term exposure to radiation

SOCIAL SCIENCES EXPLORE BEHAVIOR

Phycology
Study of the human mind

Ivan Pavlov
Unconscious reactions to experiences

Sigmund Freud
Unconscious mind drives how people think and
act

Challenged Enlightenment ideas

that reason was supreme
Maybe humans couldnt perfect
themselves and society through
reason

THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE

Changes Produce Mass Culture

Mass Culture
The appeal of art,
writing, music, and
other forms of
entertainment to a
larger audience

Cause

Effect/Cause

Effect

Public education

Increase in
literacy

Mass market for

books and
newspapers

Improvements in
communications

Publications
cheaper and
more accessible

Mass market for

books and
newspapers

Invention of
phonograph and
records

More music,
directly in
people homes

Greater demand
for musical
entertainment

Shorter workday
10 hours
shorter work
week 5 days

More leisure
time

Greater demand
for mass
entertainment
activities

THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE

Music Halls, Vaudeville, and Movies

Local music halls

Multiple acts
Singers
Dancers
Comedians

Jugglers
Magicians
Acrobats

Vaudeville
Acts that travel from town to town appearing in
theatres

THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE

Sports Entertain Millions

Baseball
Football
Pro Soccer in Europe
1896 Olympic Games

How was harnessing electricity a key to other 19thcentury inventions?

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How were pasteurization and the use of antiseptics

similar?
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Besides competing for food, what are some of the other

conditions to which species must adapt?
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What was the long-term effect of movies on

vaudeville?
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