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Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Acoustic Analysis ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1. The General Acoustic Equations ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Overview of the Acoustic Analysis Process ......................................................................................... 1
2. Using the Acoustic Analysis Tools ........................................................................................................... 5
2.1. Elements Used in an Acoustic Analysis ............................................................................................... 5
2.2. Commands Used in an Acoustic Analysis ........................................................................................... 6
2.3. Understanding Acoustic Analysis Terminology .................................................................................. 7
2.4. Acoustic Analysis Resources and Examples ........................................................................................ 8
3. Modeling for an Acoustic Analysis .......................................................................................................... 9
4. Defining the Acoustic Modeling Environment ..................................................................................... 11
4.1. Defining Element Types .................................................................................................................. 11
4.2. Specifying the System of Units ........................................................................................................ 12
5. Defining Acoustic Material Properties .................................................................................................. 15
5.1. Basic Material Parameters of Acoustic Media .................................................................................... 15
5.2. Non-Uniform Ideal Gas Material ...................................................................................................... 16
5.3. Equivalent Fluid Model of Perforated Material ................................................................................. 16
5.4. Viscous-Thermal Materials ............................................................................................................... 18
5.4.1. Acoustic Propagation in the Viscous Fluid ............................................................................... 18
5.4.2. Boundary Layer Impedance (BLI) Model .................................................................................. 18
5.4.3. Low Reduced Frequency (LRF) Model ..................................................................................... 19
6. Specifying Acoustic Analysis Region Attributes and Meshing ............................................................ 21
7. Applying Boundary Conditions in an Acoustic Analysis ....................................................................... 23
7.1. Applying Boundary Conditions ....................................................................................................... 23
7.1.1. Pressure Boundary ................................................................................................................. 23
7.1.2. Rigid Wall Boundary ............................................................................................................... 24
7.1.3. Surface Impedance Boundary ................................................................................................. 24
7.1.4. Free Surface (Sloshing Effect) .................................................................................................. 25
7.2. Absorbing Boundary Condition (ABC) .............................................................................................. 25
7.3. Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) ..................................................................................................... 27
8. Applying Excitation Sources and Loads in an Acoustic Analysis .......................................................... 33
8.1. Applying Acoustic Excitation Sources .............................................................................................. 33
8.1.1. Pressure Excitation ................................................................................................................. 34
8.1.2. Outward Normal Velocity (Acceleration) Excitation .................................................................. 34
8.1.3. Arbitrary Velocity (Acceleration) Excitation .............................................................................. 35
8.1.4. Analytic Incident Wave Sources .............................................................................................. 36
8.1.5. Mass Source (Mass Source Rate) .............................................................................................. 37
8.2. Applying Acoustic Loads ................................................................................................................. 38
8.2.1. Trim Element with Transfer Admittance Matrix ........................................................................ 38
8.2.2. Impedance Sheet ................................................................................................................... 41
8.2.3. Equivalent Surface Source ...................................................................................................... 41
8.2.3.1. Flagging an Equivalent Source Surface ........................................................................... 42
8.2.4. Surface Port ........................................................................................................................... 42
9. Accounting for Acoustic Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) .................................................................... 45
10. Solving an Acoustic Analysis ............................................................................................................... 47
10.1. Acoustic Analysis Solution Settings ............................................................................................... 47
10.1.1. Modal Analysis Settings ........................................................................................................ 47
10.1.2. Harmonic Analysis Settings .................................................................................................. 48
10.1.2.1. Full Harmonic Analysis ................................................................................................. 48
10.1.2.1.1. Setting the Analysis Frequencies ......................................................................... 48
10.1.2.1.2. Specifying the Analysis Solver ............................................................................. 49
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List of Figures
4.1. Acoustic-Structural Interaction Model ................................................................................................... 12
6.1. Sound Pressure Distribution and FEM Model ......................................................................................... 21
7.1. Spherical ABC for Symmetry and Near the Radiation Outlet ................................................................... 26
7.2. 1-D Multiple PMLs for Pipes ................................................................................................................... 27
7.3. PML Enclosure ...................................................................................................................................... 28
7.4. Attenuation Distribution ....................................................................................................................... 29
7.5. Buffer Elements .................................................................................................................................... 29
7.6. Distance Between Source/Objects and PML Region ............................................................................... 30
7.7. PML Near the Radiation Outlet .............................................................................................................. 31
8.1. Spherical Coordinates ........................................................................................................................... 36
8.2. Trim Element with Transfer Admittance Matrix ....................................................................................... 39
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List of Tables
1.1. Acoustic Analysis Steps ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.1. Acoustic Element Properties ................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Primary Acoustic Analysis Commands ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3. Secondary Acoustic Analysis Commands ................................................................................................. 7
4.1. Key Options for FLUID30, FLUID220, and FLUID221 ................................................................................. 11
4.2. Key Options for FLUID130 ..................................................................................................................... 11
4.3. SI Units ................................................................................................................................................. 12
5.1. Equivalent Fluid Models of Perforated Material ...................................................................................... 17
5.2. Low Reduced Frequency Models ........................................................................................................... 19
7.1. Acoustic Boundary Conditions .............................................................................................................. 23
7.2. Surface Impedance Boundary Conditions .............................................................................................. 24
8.1. Acoustic Excitation Sources ................................................................................................................... 33
8.2. Acoustic Analytic Incident Wave Sources ............................................................................................... 36
8.3. Acoustic Loads ...................................................................................................................................... 38
8.4. Transfer Admittance Matrix Models of Perforated Structures: TB,PERF,,,,TBOPT ....................................... 39
10.1. Acoustic Eigen Equations and Solvers .................................................................................................. 47
11.1. Acoustic Linear Perturbation Analysis Process ...................................................................................... 55
12.1. Postprocessing Commands ................................................................................................................. 57
12.2. Plotting Commands ............................................................................................................................ 57
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F e +
e = F
where [MF], [CF], and [KF] are the mass, damping, and stiffness matrices, respectively, and {fF} is the external excitation vector in the acoustic fluid.
In acoustic-structural interaction application, the program solves for the fully coupled finite element
dynamic matrix equation:
T
0
{ } S
+
{ }
{ } S
+
{ }
{ } S
=
{ }
where [MS], [CS], and [KS] are the mass, damping, and stiffness matrices, respectively, and {fS} is the external force vector in the structure. [R] is the coupled matrix and represents the coupling conditions on
the interface between the acoustic fluid and the structure.
For more information about the matrices, see the Derivation of Acoustic Matrices and Acoustic FluidStructural Interaction (FSI) sections in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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Tasks
Build the model.
Comments
An acoustic model generally consists of fluid domain,
structural parts, FSI interfaces, sound excitations, and
the truncation of the infinite domain.
ANSYS Workbench may help in building the model
easily.
2.
Acoustic analysis is supported by the FLUID29, FLUID30, FLUID220, and FLUID221 elements.
The FLUID129 and FLUID130 elements can act as absorbing elements to truncate the infinite fluid domain.
The FLUID29 element may not support some 3-D element features. See the documentation for that element
in the Element Reference.
3.
4.
5.
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7.
Use the SF command to account for the acoustic fluidstructural interaction (FSI) effect. The solution for FSI
with the strong coupled matrix is performed.
For more information, see Acoustic Fluid-Structural
Interaction (FSI) in theMechanical APDL Theory Reference.
8.
9.
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Attribute
2-D 4-node quadrilateral
with triangle degeneracy
FLUID129
PRES
FLUID30
FLUID130
FLUID220
3-D 20-node hexagonal with UX, UY, UZ, PRES (coupled element)
pyramid and prism degenerPRES (uncoupled element)
acy
UX, UY, UZ, PRES (coupled modal symmetric
matrix)
FLUID221
One element shape (hexahedral, wedge, or tetrahedral), or any combination of shapes, can be used in
a 3-D acoustic model. The pyramid elements are transitional elements between the hexahedral and
tetrahedral elements.
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!
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define
select
select
create
element operation
hexahedral element
2-D element
3-D elements by extruding 2-D elements
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Although a geometrically complex structure can be meshed with tetrahedral elements, it may require
many elements and lead to a more computationally expensive simulation. Even a regularly shaped
volume may require many tetrahedral elements if it has a very large aspect ratio. In such a case, hexahedral or wedge elements are a better choice.
Comments
ASIFILE
ASOL
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AWAVE
HFANG
HFSYM
Indicates the presence of symmetry planes for the computation of an acoustic field in the near- or far-field domains
(beyond the finite element region).
PLFAR
PLNEAR
PMLOPT
PMLSIZE
PRFAR
PRNEAR
SPOWER
Comments
BF
HARFRQ
Defines the frequency range in the harmonic analysis, including the octave bands.
MORPH
NSOL
PLNSOL
PRNSOL
SF
Exterior problem
FSI
Coupled element
Uncoupled element
PML
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Sound-soft surface
Transparent port
Vibro port
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KEYOPT(2)
KEYOPT(4)
Options
Element Definitions
No specification
Coupled element
Uncoupled element
Normal element
Options
Element Definitions
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Unit Symbol
Quantity
meter
length
kilogram
kg
mass
second
time
kelvin
thermodynamic temperature
hertz
Hz
frequency
newton
force, weight
kgm/s2
pascal
Pa
pressure
N/m2
joule
energy, heat
Nm
watt
power
J/s
mass density
kg/m3
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sound speed
m/s
dynamic viscosity
Pas
thermal conductivity
W/mK
cp
J/K
cv
J/K
impedance
Ns/m3
Support for defining a custom system of units is available via the /UNITS command. Typically, the length
and mass conversion factor, as well as the offset of the temperature, are defined. The program converts
the remaining quantities, including the static pressure, reference pressure, and reference power. The
matrices may have matrix conditions with other systems of units than either the SI or MKS system for
acoustic fluid-structural interaction (FSI) models.
Example 4.2: Defining the System of Units
/batch
/units,cgs
! batch mode
! cgs units
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!
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!
mass density
sound speed
dynamic viscosity
bulk viscosity
thermal conductivity
heat coefficient at a constant volume per mass
heat coefficient at a constant pressure per mass
Frequency-dependent material properties are defined via the TB,AFDM,,,,MAT command. Material values
defined by TB,AFDM override the values defined by MP.
Frequency-dependent material properties are interpolated if the working frequency is not one of the
frequencies defined via the TBFIELD command.
Example 5.2: Defining Frequency-Dependent Acoustic Material Properties (TB)
The following example input defines frequency-dependent acoustic material properties via the TB
command:
tb,afdm,1,,,mat
! basic acoustic materials
tbfield,freq,f1
! table at frequency f1
tbdata,1,dens1,sonc1,visc1,therm1,cph1,cvh1 ! material parameters table
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!
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!
!
!
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mass density
sound speed
static reference pressure
reference temperature
nodes at x=0
static pressure on nodes
temperature on nodes
For more information, see Non-uniform Acoustic Media in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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TBOPT
Input Parameters
JCA
Johnson-Champoux-Allard
DLB
Delany-Bazley
MIKI
Miki
ZPRO
CDV
Additional parameters dynamic (shear) viscosity , thermal conductivity , heat coefficient at a constant
pressure Cp, heat coefficient at a constant pressure Cv, and static reference pressure P0 should be defined
for the Johnson-Champoux-Allard model. When the Johnson-Champoux-Allard model is provided with
ten inputs, it has better numerical accuracy than the Delany-Bazley or the Miki models, which require
only one input parameter.
In the absence of multiple parameters, except for fluid resistivity, either the Delany-Bazley of Miki
model can be a viable option for predicting the properties of a perforated material. The working range
of the Delany-Bazley model limits it to 0.01 < f/ <1.00 where f is the frequency, while the Miki model
extends to f/ < 0.01 for low frequencies.
For general damping material problems (depending on the availability of parameters), use either the
ZPRO or CDV model.
Specify the frequency-dependent equivalent fluid model of the perforated material as follows:
TB,PERF,,,,TBOPT
TBFIELD,FREQ,VALUE
TBDATA,,C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
The equivalent fluid model of perforated materials supports a full harmonic acoustic analysis only.
Example 5.4: Defining a Frequency-Dependent Johnson-Champoux-Allard Model
mp,dens,1,1.21
mp,sonc,1,343
mp,visc,1,1.827e-5
mp,kxx,1,0.0257
mp,cvh,1,0.718
mp,c,1,1.005
tb,perf,1,,,jca
tbfield,freq,f1
tbdata,1,sig1,phi1,alp1,vis1,thr1
tbfield,freq,f2
tbdata,1,sig2,phi2,alp2,vis2,thr2
!
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!
mass density
sound speed
dynamic viscosity
thermal conductivity
heat coefficient at a constant volume per mass
heat coefficient at a constant pressure per mass
JCA model
table at f1
JCA parameters at f1
table at f2
JCA parameters at f2
Example 5.5: Defining a Frequency-Dependent Complex Effective Density and Sound Speed Model
mp,dens,1,1.21
mp,sonc,1,343
tb,perf,1,,,cdv
tbfield,freq,f1
!
!
!
!
mass density
sound speed
complex effective density and velocity model
table at f1
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Trimming the perforated structures to a transfer admittance matrix avoids dense mesh and creates excellent numerical accuracy. See Trim Element with Transfer Admittance Matrix (p. 38).
For more information, see Equivalent Fluid of Perforated Materials in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
For more information, see Acoustic Fundamentals in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
!
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mass density
sound speed
dynamic viscosity
bulk viscosity
thermal conductivity
heat coefficient at a constant volume per mass
heat coefficient at a constant pressure per mass
nsel,s,ext
sf,all,bli
For more information, see Boundary Layer Impedance (BLI) Model in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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Viscous-Thermal Materials
TBOPT
Input Parameters
THIN
RECT
CIRC
!
!
!
!
!
!
mass density
sound speed
dynamic viscosity
thermal conductivity
heat coefficient at a constant volume per mass
heat coefficient at a constant pressure per mass
tb,afdm,1,,,thin
tbfield,freq,f1
tbdata,1,thick1
tbfield,freq,f2
tbdata,1, thick2
!
!
!
!
!
For more information, see Low Reduced Frequency (LRF) Model in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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Do not mix low-order and high-order elements together in a model. Unlike low-order elements, highorder elements have midside nodes to follow the curvature of a model.
If using MESH200 elements to generate 3-D acoustic elements FLUID30, FLUID220, or FLUID221 (VEXT),
select one of the following MESH200 options:
KEYOPT(1) = 4 for 3-D triangle elements, used for FLUID30
KEYOPT(1) = 5 for 3-D triangle elements with midside nodes, used for FLUID221
KEYOPT(1) = 6 for 3-D quadrilateral elements, used for FLUID30
KEYOPT(1) = 7 for 3-D quadrilateral elements with midside nodes, used for FLUID220
Example 6.1: Generating FLUID220 Elements
The following input example uses MESH200 elements to generate FLUID220 elements:
et,1,220,,1
et,11,200,7
Rect,0,d,0,d
type,11
amesh,all
asel,s,loc,z,0
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fini
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FE Model Entities
Lines or Areas
Nodes
None required
None required
Areas
Nodes
Areas
Nodes
Areas
Nodes
Not Applicable
Elements
For general information about applying boundary conditions, see Loading in the Basic Analysis Guide.
If using coupled acoustic elements (KEYOPT(2) = 0), avoid zero-pivot warning messages by setting the
displacement degrees of freedom (UX, UY, and UZ) at the element nodes not on the interface to zero.
Example 7.2: Applying Displacement to Nodes
nsel,s,loc,z,0.0
d,all,ux,0
d,all,uy,0
d,all,uz,0
!
!
!
!
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If the pressure spatial distribution can be predicted, the Neumann boundary can be used on the symmetric plane of the model to reduce the model size.
Definition
SF Command Label
Z=0C0
INF
= 0
Z=Zr+jZi
ATTN
IMPD
The infinite radiation boundary assumes the ratio of the pressure and outward normal velocity is equal
to Z0 = 0C0. When the radiation boundary is close to the objects or the radiators, the outgoing pressure
wave may no longer hold the ratio Z0 and a numerical error may occur. Using either an absorbing
boundary element or a Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) is more accurate for modeling the far-field radiation boundary. An infinite radiation boundary can be applied to the nodes of the finite element
model via the SF,Nlist,INF command:
Example 7.3: Defining an Infinite Radiation Boundary
nsel,s,ext ! select exterior node on selected elements
sf,all,inf ! infinite radiation boundary
The absorption coefficient is often used to measure the absorption of a surface in acoustic applications.
The surface impedance with real value can deviate from the defined absorption coefficient, as shown
in Table 7.2: Surface Impedance Boundary Conditions (p. 24). The absorption coefficient of the surface
can be applied to nodes of the finite element model via the SF,Nlist,ATTN,VALUE command:
Example 7.4: Defining Boundary Absorption Coefficient
nsel,s,ext
sf,all,attn,0.5
A more flexible complex surface impedance represents the specific ratio between pressure and normal
particle velocity on the surface. Surface impedance can be applied to nodes on the finite element
model via the SF,Nlist,IMPD,VALUE,VALUE2 command:
Example 7.5: Applying the Impedance BC in an Acoustic Radiation or Scattering Analysis
Apply the impedance boundary condition to the exterior surface of the model in an acoustic radiation
or scattering analysis.
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!
!
!
!
!
!
If a complex value is applied to a surface (SF,Nlist,IMPD,VALUE,VALUE2) in an acoustic modal analysis, a negative conductance of admittance is input as VALUE and the quotient of susceptance to the
angular frequency is input as VALUE2.
Do not use the SF,Nlist,IMPD command to define the radiation boundary (SF,Nlist,INF) if the pure
scattered formulation is selected (ASOL,SC) unless the impedance value is different from the media
characteristic impedance Z0 = 0C0.
For more information, see Acoustic Fluid-Structural Interaction (FSI) in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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! FLUID220
! second-order FLUID130
sphere,,DIM_DISTANCE,0,90
vsbw,all
vsel,s,loc,z,0,-DIM_DISTANCE
vdele,all,,,1
allsel,all
esize,DIM_ESIZE
vmesh,all
csys,2
asel,s,loc,x,DIM_DISTANCE
csys,0
nsla,s,1
type,2
real,2
mat,2
esurf
allsel,all
!
!
!
!
!
!
radius of sphere
sound speed
density
copy material 1 to 2
create 1/8 sphere
sphere
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Absorbing elements accommodate the symmetry of the model. If the radiated acoustic field has no
significant effect on the excitation source entity, the spherical absorbing boundary can locally enclose
the open space near the radiation outlet, as shown in this figure:
Figure 7.1: Spherical ABC for Symmetry and Near the Radiation Outlet
FLUID130 and FLUID129 can be used for modal, harmonic, and transient analyses.
For more information, see Absorbing Boundary Condition (ABC) in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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To define PML elements, issue the ET command. Set KEYOPT(4) = 1 for FLUID30, FLUID220, or FLUID221
prior to meshing the PML region. Use any element shape to mesh the PML block.
More than one 1-D PML regions can exist in a model. The element coordinate system (ESYS) uniquely
identifies each PML region. Define a Cartesian coordinate system (LOCAL) with one axis in the wavepropagating direction, then assign the coordinate system to the elements in the PML region (VATT or
ESYS prior to meshing, or EMODIF after meshing).
Example 7.8: Defining PML Elements in a Local Coordinate System
et,11,200,6
et,1,30,,1
et,2,30,,1,,1
local,11,0,2,3,4,50,-60,135
wpcsys,,11
rect,0,l,-d/2,d/2
rect,l,l+dpml,-d/2,d/2
aglue,all
esize,h
type,11
amesh,all
asel,all
asel,u,,,3
esla
type,1
mat,1
esize,,2
vext,all,,,0,0,d,
esys,11
asel,s,,,3
type,2,
! mesh element
! normal fluid30
! pml fluid30
! local coordinate
! area in local cs
! area in local cs
! normal element
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nsel,s,loc,x,l+dpml
d,all,pres,0.
A 3-D PML region consists of layers of elements extending from the interior volume towards the open
domain, as shown in this figure:
Figure 7.3: PML Enclosure
Construct a block about the origin in the global Cartesian coordinate system or a local Cartesian coordinate system. Align the edges of the 3-D PML region with the axes of the Cartesian coordinate system.
To optimize the absorbing efficiency of the PML, construct the PML regions and apply the following
parameters carefully:
Thickness of the PML region
Number of PML elements
Attenuation parameters
Number of buffer elements between the PML region and objects or discontinuities
The attenuation from the PML interface to the PML exterior surface is a parabolic distribution that
minimizes numerical reflections from the PML elements, as shown in this figure:
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The numerical reflection is caused by the discretization of a continuous distribution of material from
element to element. To obtain satisfactory numerical accuracy, use at least two layers of PML elements.
The PML thickness may need to be greater than 1/10 of a wavelength.
Because a PML region acts as an infinite open domain, any boundary conditions and material properties
must be carried over to the PML region. Material properties such as mass density and sound speed in
the PML region must be identical to those of the adjacent interior region.
A sound-soft Dirichlet boundary with p = 0 must back all exterior surfaces of the PML region, except
for symmetric surfaces with the rigid wall boundary condition. To specify a sound-soft boundary condition
on the outer surfaces of the PML region, use the D command for a finite element model. The soundsoft or sound-hard boundary conditions can be applied on symmetric surfaces of a PML region.
Include at least two buffer elements between the PML region and a discontinuity or object in the domain,
as shown in this figure:
Figure 7.5: Buffer Elements
The PML can then absorb the outgoing wave effectively and minimize numerical reflections.
Because PML is an artificial anisotropic material, excitation sources are prohibited in the PML region.
The attenuation of the pressure wave in a PML region can be controlled. If desired, specify the normal
reflection coefficient (harmonic) for propagating waves as follows:
PMLOPT,ESYS,Lab,Xminus,Xplus,Yminus,Yplus,Zminus,Zplus
The direction designations are Xminus, Yminus, Zminus, Xplus, Yplus, and Zplus. The minus and
plus refer to the negative and positive directions along the Cartesian coordinate axes, respectively.
If the propagating wave is absorbed in only one direction, define a 1-D PML region (Lab = ONE). In this
case, only the Xminus argument is necessary.
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29
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
no pml
-40 dB
no pml
-40 dB
-60 dB
-60 dB
define
in x direction
in +x direction
in y direction
in +y direction
in z direction
in +z direction
3-d pml
Repeat the PMLOPT command for additional PML regions. The PML may have a different number of
elements in each direction.
The number of PML layers determines the absorbing efficiency of the PML region. An excessive number
of PML elements significantly increases computational requirements. The number of PML layers (n) for
acceptable numerical accuracy is determined by the following command:
PMLSIZE,FREQB,FREQE,DMIN,DMAX,THICK,ANGLE
The following figure shows the relationship between DMIN, DMAX, and THICK:
Figure 7.6: Distance Between Source/Objects and PML Region
If n < 2, the number of layers is set to 2 to reduce numerical reflection. If n > 20, the number of layers
is set to 20 to avoid an excessive number of PML elements.
Before meshing the model, issue the PMLSIZE command. If the thickness of the PML region is known,
the command specifies an element edge length. If the thickness of the PML region is unknown, it specifies
the number of layers (n). For further information, see the PMLOPT and PMLSIZE commands in the
Command Reference, and Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
PML is used only in acoustic harmonic analysis.
PML may be necessary in cases where:
30
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It is necessary to separate the PML region and sound-propagating region with the rigid wall, as the
PML connects only to the infinity.
For more information, see Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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FE Model Entities
Nodes
Nodes or elements
Not applicable
Mass sources
Nodes or elements
33
!
!
!
!
select nodes at z = 0
complex normal velocity
impedance boundary
transparent port
Example 8.2: Defining the Normal Velocity and Impedance BC on a Structural Surface
nsel,loc,z,0
sf,all,shld,vn,ang
sf,all,impd,z0
! select nodes at z = 0
! complex normal velocity
! impedance boundary
Example 8.3: Defining the Frequency Dependency of the Normal Velocity of Acceleration
Use tables (*DIM) in the SF command to define the frequency dependency of the normal velocity of
acceleration, as shown:
*dim,vn,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
*dim,ang,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
vn(1,0,1)=FreqB
vn(2,0,1)=FreqE
vn(1,1,1)=vn1
34
!
!
!
!
!
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!
!
!
!
!
nsel,loc,z,0
bf,all,velo,vx,vy,vz,angx,angy,angz
sf,all,impd,z01
sf,all,port,1
select nodes at z = 0
complex arbitrary velocity
impedance boundary
transparent port
Example 8.5: Defining the Frequency Dependency of the Arbitrary Velocity or Acceleration
Use tables (*DIM) in the BF command to define the frequency dependency of the arbitrary velocity or
acceleration, as shown:
*dim,vx,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
*dim,vy,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
*dim,vz,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
*dim,ax,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
*dim,ay,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
*dim,az,TABLE,2,1,1,FREQ
vx(1,0,1)=FreqB
vx(2,0,1)=FreqE
vx(1,1,1)=vx1
vx(2,1,1)=vx2
vy(1,1,1)=vy1
vy(2,1,1)=vy2
vz(1,1,1)=vz1
vz(2,1,1)=vy2
ax(1,1,1)=vx1
ax(2,1,1)=vx2
ay(1,1,1)=vy1
ay(2,1,1)=vy2
az(1,1,1)=vz1
az(2,1,1)=vy2
nsel,s,loc,z,0
bf,all,velo,%vx%,%vy%,%vz%,%ax%,%ay%,%az%
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
vx table
vy table
vz table
angle x table
angle y table
angle z table
beginning frequency
ending frequency
vx at FreqB
vx at FreqE
vy at FreqB
vy at FreqE
vz at FreqB
vz at FreqE
angle x at FreqB
angle x at FreqE
angle y at FreqB
angle y at FreqE
angle z at FreqB
angle z at FreqE
select nodes at z = 0
complex velocity table
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35
Comments
Planar wave
Dipole
Consists of two monopoles or pulsating spheres with opposite signs and a small separation
Bare loudspeaker
Because the incident planar wave is approximated by the far-field wave front of a source far from the
receiver, both the initial phase angle and the source original are ignored.
Specify the analytic incident wave sources and select either the total pressure field or the scattered
field solver in an acoustic scattering analysis.
If the scattered parameter is required and the scattered pressure field is much smaller than the incident
pressure field, use the scattered pressure field solver (ASOL,SCAT) to avoid numerical errors. Control
the output result as needed for either the total or scattered nodal pressure in the model (ASCRES).
36
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It is not necessary to assign the internal analytic incident wave sources to the FE nodes. It is convenient
to use the internal analytic incident wave sources rather than meshing the wave source structure, such
as a pulsating sphere.
For more information, see Pure Scattered Pressure Formulation in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
37
For more information, see Mass Source in the Wave Equation in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
FE Model Entities
Nodes
Impedance sheet
Nodes
Nodes
Temperature
Nodes or elements
Static pressure
Nodes
Surface port
Nodes
38
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If the trim elements connect only to the uncoupled acoustic element, define the port numbers of the
2 x 2 transfer admittance matrix with positive integers on a pair of the opposite faces of the element
(SF,Nlist,PORT). The smaller port number corresponds to port 1 of the 2 x 2 transfer admittance
matrix and the greater port number corresponds to port 2.
If one face of the coupled trim element is defined as the FSI interface (SF,Nlist,FSI), it is assigned to
port 1 of the transfer admittance matrix, while its opposite face connecting with the acoustic element
should be defined by a port number (SF,Nlist,PORT), corresponding to port 2 of the transfer admittance
matrix.
The following table shows the available transfer admittance matrix models:
Table 8.4: Transfer Admittance Matrix Models of Perforated Structures:TB,PERF,,,,TBOPT
TBOPT
Model
Input Parameters
YMAT
HGYM
SGYM
The trim element is available only for hexahedral and prism elements.
In a hexahedral element, only a pair of opposite element faces can be defined as the ports. In a prism
element, only two triangular element faces are used for the ports.
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39
esel,s,mat,,2
nsle,s
nsel,s,loc,z,z1
sf,all,port,1
nsel,s,loc,z,z2
sf,all,port,2
nsel,s,loc,z,z3
nsel,a,loc,z,0
sf,all,impd,z0
nsel,s,loc,z,0
sf,all,shld,-vn,
tb,perf,2,,,YMAT
tbdata,1,y11r,y11i,y12r,y12i,y21r,y21i
tbdata,7,y22r,y22i
tblist,perf,2
esel,s,mat,,2
nsle,s
nsel,s,loc,z,z1
40
! structural element
! coupled acoustic element
! define transfer admittance matrix
! complex 2 by 2 matrix
! list admittance matrix
! element with YMAT
! nodes in YMAT elements
! select nodes at z = z1
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! port 1
! select nodes at z = z2
! fsi interface
type,1
mat,2
vmesh,all
For more information, see Transfer Admittance Matrix in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
! nodes at z = 0
! complex impedance sheet
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! nodes at z = 0
! port 1
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esel,s,type,,1
nsel,s,ext
sf,all,fsin
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Damping
FSI
Coupling
MODOPT,Method
Option
KEYOPT(1)
KEYOPT(2)
Unsymmetric
NO
YES
UNSYM
Symmetric
NO
YES
LANB,SUBSP
Unsymmetric
YES
YES
DAMP
Symmetric
YES
YES
DAMP
Symmetric
NO
NO
LANB,SUBSP
Symmetric
YES
NO
DAMP
Specifying a proper frequency range results in efficient and accurate eigenvalue calculations. Input a
lower-end frequency just below the anticipated frequency (FREQB on the MODOPT command), then
specify an upper-end frequency (FREQE). Specify NMODE to request the number of modes to extract.
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47
=
The octave band is defined based on up 0
1
n
=
and low
, where:
f0 = central frequency of the octave band (f0 = 16, 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000
Hz for the specified 11 octave bands)
n = 1 (octave band), 2 (1/2 octave band), 3 (1/3 octave band), 6 (1/6 octave band), 12 (1/12 octave band),
and 24 (1/24 octave band)
48
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For more information, see Coupled Acoustic Fluid-Structural System with Symmetric Matrix Equation
for Full Harmonic Analysis in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
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49
awave,1,dipole,pres,ext,p0,ang,-xs,-ys,-zs
asol,scat,on
ascres,total
! geometry of model
! incident wave outside of model
! activate scattered formulation
! output total pressure
For more information, see Pure Scattered Pressure Formulation in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
50
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=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
8
2000
1500/frq_step
dim_distance/1500*3
1/frq_step/num_timestep
time_end/time_step
8
dim_waveleng/num_elements
*dim,load_time,table,4,,,time
load_time(1,0)=0,1/frq_step,2/frq_step,time_end
load_time(1,1)=0,1,0,0
et,1,220,,1
! second-order fluid220
et,2,130,2
! second-order fluid130
/solu
antype,trans
trnopt,full
autots,off
time,time_end
deltim,time_step
outres,nsol,all
! time varying load
f,node(0,0,0),flow,%load_time%
solve
finish
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52
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c = 0 0
s
where:
0 = density of fluid
c0 = sound speed in the fluid
s = density of solid
T = effective thickness of the solid
= angular frequency
If c > 1, solve as a strong coupled acoustic-structural interaction problem. If c < 1, a one-way coupling
solution is more computationally efficient.
Specify a one-way coupling via the ASIFILE command.
Perform a one-way coupling analysis as follows:
For a conforming mesh on a one-way coupling interface:
1. Activate the structural model.
2. Flag a one-way coupling interface in the structural model via the SF,Nlist,FSIN command
(not SF,Nlist,FSI).
3. Prior to the solution, issue the ASIFILE,WRITE command so that structural results on the
one-way coupling interface are written to a file with extension .asi during the structural
solution.
4. Solve the structural model without the acoustic elements.
5. Switch to the acoustic model.
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53
esel,s,type,,1
nsel,s,loc,x,0
sf,all,fsin,1
alls
esel,u,type,,2
asifile,write
fini
/solu
antype,harm
hropt,auto
kbc,1
harfrq,58,68
nsub,3
solve
finish
/prep7
alls
esel,u,type,,1
asifile,read
fini
/solu
antype,harm
hropt,auto
kbc,1
harfrq,58,68
nsub,3
solve
finish
! structural element
! uncoupled acoustic element
! select structural element
! nodes on interface in structural element
! flag one-way coupling interface
! harmonic solution
! use program-selected solver
! frequency range
! steps over frequency range
! solve structural problem
! select everything
! unselect structural elements
! read structural results into model during solution
! harmonic solution
! choose solver by program
! frequency range
! steps over frequency range
! solve acoustic problem
54
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Task
Comments
The nonlinear static structural analysis can lead to deformation in the structure. The mesh in the
acoustic fluid is morphed based on the structural displacement solution. Activate mesh morphing during
the nonlinear static structural analysis (MORPH). Setting StrOpt = YES on the MORPH command allows
morphing in the model with structural elements.
Specify acoustic linear perturbation via one of the following commands:
ANTYPE,STATIC,RESTART,,,PERTURB
PERTURB
SOLVE,ELFORM
Example 11.2: Acoustic Linear Perturbation Process
et,1,220,,0
et,2,186,,
esel,s,type,,1
nsle,s
nsel,s,loc,x,0
sf,all,fsi
nsel,s,loc,x,0
f,all,fx,100
alls
fini
/solu
nlgeom,on
autots,off
nsubst,1
antype,static
morph,on,,,,,,,,,on
solve
finish
/solu
antype,static,restart,,,perturb
perturb,modal,,,allkeep
solve,elform
modopt,unsym,4,1
mxpand,4
solve
finish
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
large deformation on
auto step off
one sub-step
static solution
morphing with structural elements
For more information, see Linear Perturbation Analysis in the Structural Analysis Guide.
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Command
SET,1,1,,0
SET,1,1,,1
SET,1,1,,AMPL
PRVECT,PG
ETABLE,Lab,PG,X
PRETAB
PRNSOL
PLNSOL
PRVECT
PLVECT
PRESOL
PLESOL
PRETAB
PLETAB
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58
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nsel,s,loc,l
sf,all,port,1
sf,all,impd,z02
/solu
antype,harm
harfrq,0,300
nsub,3
solve
!
!
!
!
select
define
define
define
nodes on inlet
port 3 on inlet
impedance on inlet
normal velocity on inlet
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13.1. Example: Acoustic-Structural Coupled Modal Resonance of an Annular Ring Submerged in Water with a Harmonic Analysis
This example problem determines the first flexural mode (egg mode) frequency of an annular ring
submerged in water which extends to infinity. A harmonic analysis is performed using a frequency
sweep between 34 and 38 Hz.
The distance from the center of the ring to the infinite elements is at least equal to (D/2) + 0.2, where
D is the outer diameter of the ring, and = c/f is the dominant wavelength of the pressure waves.
Using 0.26035 for the outer radius of the ring, 1460 for the speed of sound (c), and 36 for the estimated
dominant frequency (f ), gives (D/2) + 0.2 = 0.26035 + (0.2)(1460)/36 = 8.37146. This distance is much
greater than that required when using the acoustic infinite element, however, and so a distance of 2x
the outer radius of the ring is used ( 2 x .26035 = .5207).
/BATCH,LIST
/VERIFY,EV129-1S
/PREP7
/TITLE,AMA,EV129-1S,FLUID129,HARMONIC ANALYSIS
ET,1,PLANE182,2
ET,2,FLUID29
et,3,129
r,3,0.5207,0,0
ET,4,FLUID29,,1,0
! structural element
! acoustic fluid element with ux & uy
! acoustic infinite line element
! acoustic fluid element without ux & uy
! material properties
MP,EX,1,2.068e11
MP,DENS,1,7929
MP,NUXY,1,0
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63
ASEL,S,AREA,,2
AATT,2,1,2,0
LESIZE,5,,,16,1
LESIZE,7,,,16,1
LESIZE,6,,,5
LESIZE,8,,,5
MSHKEY,0
MSHAPE,0,2D
AMESH,2
nsym,x,1000,all
esym,,1000,all
nsym,y,2000,all
esym,,2000,all
NUMMRG,ALL
esel,s,type,,1
nsle,s
esln,s,0
nsle,s
esel,inve
nsle,s
emodif,all,type,4
esel,all
nsel,all
! define el129 line element
csys,1
nsel,s,loc,x,0.5207
type,3
real,3
mat,2
esurf
esel,all
nsel,all
! flag interface as fluid-structure interface
nsel,s,loc,x,0.26035
esel,s,type,,2
sf,all,fsi,1
nsel,all
esel,all
FINISH
! enter solution module
/SOLU
ANTYPE,harmic
hropt,full
f,19,fx,1000.
f,1019,fx,-1000.
harfrq,34.,38.
nsubst,100
kbc,1
SOLVE
FINISH
! postprocess
/post26
plcplx,0
64
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Surface Effects
create geometry
inner radius
outer radius
height
local coordinate
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65
!
!
!
!
!
define elements
coupled acoustic element
sound speed
mass density
structural element
! create mesh
type,1
mat,1
vsweep,all
alls
type,2
mat,2
vsymm,z,all
alls
nummgr,all
vsel,s,loc,z,0,-h
eslv,s,
emodif,all,,2
alls
! flag free surface
nsel,s,loc,z,h
sf,all,free
! define constrains
nsel,s,loc,z,-h
d,all,uz,0
d,all,ux,0
d,all,uy,0
! flag fsi interface
nsel,s,loc,z,0
sf,all,fsi
alls
csys,0
acel,9.81,0,0
fini
! gravity acceleration
! perform a solution
/solu
antype,modal
modopt,unsym,20,0.05
mxpand,20
solve
fini
! post-processing
/post1
set,list
/com,analytical eigenfrequencies are listed below
/com,f1 = 0.996
/com,f2 = 1.704
/com,f3 = 2.176
/com,f4 = 2.521
/com,f5 = 2.814
/com,f6 = 2.852
/com,f7 = 2.960
/com,f8 = 3.120
/com,f9 = 3.313
/com,
fini
66
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67
RHO=1.2041
C0=343.24
Z0=RHO*C0
MP,DENS,1,RHO
MP,SONC,1,C0
XDIV=29
YDIV=19
ZDIV=1
CDIV=2
!
!
!
!
Material properties
density of air (kg/m**3)
speed of sound in air (m/sec)
Sound impedance
!
!
!
!
!
!
LEN=8.2296
HGT=6.0960
RAD=0.27432
ZL=-0.3048
! Mesh generation
K,1
K,2,LEN
K,3,LEN,HGT
K,4,,HGT
K,5,,,ZL
K,6,LEN,,ZL
K,7,LEN,HGT,ZL
K,8,,HGT,ZL
L,1,5,1
L,2,6,1
L,3,7,1
L,4,8,1
CIRC,3,RAD,7,2,90,2
ADRAG,5,6,,,,, 3
PIO4=ATAN(1)
LENC=COS(PIO4)
LENC=LENC*RAD
HGTC=HGT-LENC
LENC=LEN-LENC
K,15,,HGTC
K,16,,HGTC,ZL
K,17,LENC
K,18,LENC,,ZL
L,1 ,17,XDIV
L,10,15,XDIV
L,11,4 ,XDIV
L,17,10,YDIV
68
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!
CSYS,0
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0.0
NSEL,A,LOC,X,LEN
NSEL,A,LOC,Y,0.0
NSEL,A,LOC,Y,HGT
SF,ALL,IMPD,Z0/0.04
!
HX=LENC/XDIV
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
NSEL,R,LOC,X,13*HX,17*HX
SF,ALL,IMPD,Z0/0.7
!
ALLS
FINISH
/SOLU
!
HARF,80,80
!
SOLVE
FINISH
!
/POST1
/SHOW,ENCL1,GRPH,1
SET,1,1
!
EPLOT
/EDGE,1
/TITLE,-ROOM ACOUSTICSPLNS,PRES
SET,1,1,,1
!
/TITLE,-ROOM ACOUSTICS-
Wall impedance
Window impedance
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!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
resistivity at FREQ1
resistivity at FREQ2
porosity at FREQ1
porosity at FREQ2
tortuosity at FREQ1
tortuosity at FREQ2
viscous characteristic length
thermal characteristic length
define geometry
30e-3
51.44e-3
SPEED/FREQ2
DIM_WAVELNG/NUM_EPW
5*DIM_PERF
= 1e3/SPEED*2
! define element
et,1,221
keyopt,1,2,1
et,2,221
keyopt,2,2,1
! define real constant
r,1
r,2
! define material
mp,sonc,1,SPEED
mp,dens,1,DENSITY
mpcopy,,1,2
tb,perf,2,,,JCA
tbfield,freq,FREQ1
tbdata,1,RESIS1,PORO1,TORTU1,VISCL,THERL
tbfield,freq,FREQ2
tbdata,1,RESIS2,PORO2,TORTU2,VISCL,THERL
! create geometry
block,,DIM_WIDTH,,DIM_LENGTH,,DIM_WIDTH
block,,DIM_WIDTH,,-DIM_PERF,,DIM_WIDTH
nummrg,kp,1e-8,1e-8
! create mesh
vsel,s,loc,y,-DIM_PERF,0
vatt,2,2,2
vsel,all
esize,DIM_ESIZE
vmesh,all
! define loads
asel,s,loc,y,DIM_LENGTH
nsla,s,1
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! mass source
! Robin radiation boundary flag
! perform a solution
/solu
antype,harmic
harfrq,1000,4000
hropt,auto
nsubst,3
solve
finish
!
/post1
*dim,pre,array,NUM_STEPS
*dim,frq,array,NUM_STEPS
*do,i,1,NUM_STEPS
set,1,i
*get,frq(i),active,,set,freq !
*get,pre(i),NODE,79,pres
!
*enddo
/com,
/com,
***** Ansys
/com,
/com,
Frequency (Hz)
*vwrite,frq(1),pre(1)
(7X,F15.4,10x,F15.4)
finish
post-processing
Results *****
Pressure (Pa)
h = wavelen/12
d = 2*h
l = 0.75*wavelen
z1 = l/2
z2 = z1+0.05*h
z3 = z2+l/2
! structure dimensions
! mesh size
72
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!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
tbdel,perf,2
tb,perf,2,,,YMAT
tbdata,1,y11r,y11i,y12r,y12i,y21r,y21i
tbdata,7,y22r,y22i
tblist,perf,2
! define normal velocity
pa=1
z0=rho0*c0
un=-pa/z0
! create model
block,-d/2,0,-d/2,d/2,0,z1
block,-d/2,0,-d/2,d/2,z1,z2
block,-d/2,0,-d/2,d/2,z2,z3
vglue,all
mshape,0,3d
esize,h
type,1
mat,1
vsel,s,loc,z,0,z1
vsel,a,loc,z,z2,z3
vmesh,all
! mesh with normal material
type,1
mat,2
vsel,s,loc,z,z1,z2
vmesh,all
! mesh with admittance matrix
! define ports for admittance matrix
esel,s,mat,,2
nsle,s
nsel,s,loc,z,z1
sf,all,port,1
nsel,s,loc,z,z2
sf,all,port,2
alls
! matched outlet
! excitation at transparent port
nsel,s,loc,z,0
sf,all,shld,un
sf,all,impd,z0
sf,all,port,10
alls
fini
! perform solution
/solu
antype,harmic
hropt,auto
harfrq,freq
solve
fini
! post-processing
/post1
nsel,s,loc,z,0
nsel,r,loc,x,0
nsel,r,loc,y,-d/2
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73
z00
0 0 0
z00 z
where:
2
=
= 2 +
x
+ y
x y
For more information about viscous-thermal parameters, see Viscous-Thermal Materials in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference
/batch,list
/title,BLI model for waveguide with visco-thermal fluid
/nopr
/prep7
freq1 = 880
! beginning frequency
freq2 = 1100
! ending frequency
rho = 1.29
! mass density
c0 = 340
! sound speed
kx = 0.0241
! thermal conductivity
visc = 1.71e-5
! dynamic viscosity
cv = 654.1376
! Cv heat coefficient
cp = 915.7926
! Cp heat coefficient
bvis=0.6*visc
! bulk viscosity
wavelen=c0/freq2
! wavelength
v0=2.45e-3
! normal velocity
! viscous-thermal material
tb,afdm,1,,,mat
tbdata,1,rho,c0,visc,kx,cp,cv,
tbdata,7,bvis
! create geometry
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! acoustic
! pml
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rho=1.2041
soundv=343.26
freq=1.e3
wavel=soundv/freq
omega=2.*3.1415926535*freq
p0=0.5*freq
*dim,a,array,4
a(1)=0
a(2)=a(1)+0.1*wavel
a(3)=a(2)+0.1*wavel
a(4)=a(3)+0.1*wavel
*do,i,1,3
*do,j,1,3
rect,a(i),a(i+1),a(j),a(j+1)
*enddo
*enddo
aglue,all
et,11,200,7
et,1,220,0,1
et,2,220,0,1,,1
mp,dens,1,rho
mp,sonc,1,soundv
!
!
!
!
! create 2d mesh
h=(a(2)-a(1))/6
nz1=(a(3)-a(1))/h
local,11
wpcsys,,11
type,11
mshape,0
esize,h
amesh,all
asel,s,loc,x,0,a(3)
asel,r,loc,y,0,a(3)
cm,aa,area
esys,11
type,1
! meshing 2d model
! create 3d mesh
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77
! merge nodes
! delete 2d element
78
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nsel,s,loc,x,c
nsel,a,loc,x,-c
nsel,a,loc,y,c
nsel,a,loc,z,-c
nsel,a,loc,z,c
d,all,pres,0.
allsel,all
13.12. Example: Planar Incident Wave FSI Scattering of an Infinite Cylindrical Shell
This example problem demonstrates the use of FLUID221 to predict the acoustic scattering of a planar
incident wave of an infinite cylindrical shell (radius = 1 m, thickness = 0.02 m).
The FSI between the acoustic incident wave and the structural shell is taken into account.
The coupled harmonic problem uses the symmetric formulation, requiring fewer computational resources
than other formulations.
The incident plane wave is defined by the magnitude p0 = 1, the incident angle = 90 and = 180.
PML is used for the truncation of the open space. For more information, see Perfectly Matched Layers
(PML) in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.
/batch,list
/com,Plane wave FSI scattering from a cylindrical shell
/title,FSI Scattering of Cylindrical Shell
/nopr
/prep7
pi=3.1415926535
! material properties
rho=1025
! water mass density
c0=1520
! sound speed
ra=1
! radius of cylindrical shell
thick=0.02
! thickness of cylindrical shell
ka=2
! product of wavenumber and radius
k0=ka/ra
80
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!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
et,11,200,7
et,1,220,2,0
et,2,220,2,1,,1
et,3,281
mp,dens,1,rho
mp,sonc,1,c0
mp,ex,2,2.1e11
mp,dens,2,7840
mp,nuxy,2,0.3
frequency
wavelength
nwsh size
define element properties
mesh element
20-node element using symmetric formula
pml element using symmetric formula
shell element
water density
water sound speed
solid young module
solid density
solid Minor Poisson's ratios
define the model
rb=ra+0.5*wavel
rc=rb+0.5*wavel
nz=2
zl=nz*h
cyl4,0,0,0,0,ra,180,0
*dim,a,array,4
*dim,b,array,3
a(1)=-rc
a(2)=-rb
a(3)=rb
a(4)=rc
b(1)=0
b(2)=rb
b(3)=rc
*do,i,1,3
*do,j,1,2
rect,a(i),a(i+1),b(j),b(j+1)
*enddo
*enddo
asba,4,1,,dele,dele
aglue,all
asel,s,loc,x,a(2),a(3)
asel,r,loc,y,b(1),b(2)
cm,aa,area
alls
! mesh the model
esize,h
type,11
amesh,all
asel,s,,,aa
type,1
mat,1
esize,,nz
vext,all,,,0,0,zl
alls
asel,s,loc,z,0
asel,u,,,aa
type,2
mat,1
esize,,nz
vext,all,,,0,0,zl
alls
! mesh 2d surface
! extrude 2d element to 3d
asel,s,loc,z,0
aclear,all
etdel,11
nummgr,all
! flag fsi interface
csys,1,
nsel,s,loc,x,ra
sf,all,fsi
alls
csys,0
! define shell element
sectype,,shell
secdata,thick,2
csys,1
nsel,s,loc,x,ra
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! acoustic mesh
! structural area
! structural mesh
! delete 2d mesh
nsel,s,loc,y,0
d,all,ux,0
d,all,uy,0
d,all,uz,0
alls
nsel,all
d,all,uz,0
! apply force
! unselect acoustic element in structure
! store interface structural results
! perform a structural solution
/solu
antype,harm
hropt,auto
kbc,1
harf,58,68
nsub,3
solve
fini
! frequency range
! solving at 3 frequencies
/solu
antype,harm
hropt,auto
kbc,1
harf,58,68
nsub,3
solve
fini
! frequency range
! solving at 3 frequencies
! post-processing
/post26
nn1 = node(0.125,0.125,0)
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