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fedG
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dG LGh dG LG QYH edG L bdG BGdG jdG cP K , Ffh jJ
( feR ) KGMEG H edG Y jG EG bJ K , dGh dG dG H dPh
edG J Gch , H edG bY K edG f Y jG Y LY K , dGh dG dM
K , UGdG eR H dPh IMGh KO edG GjdG NG cP K , fedG H
jH N K , fedG H fG K , gOGh fedG GaG gh Gk L g Ve EG bJ
. YV bY d edG S Y
e g JYG M , G cdG jBG e eCG cP N e k L YVG g Y bh
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JCSh . hdGh UCGh OGaCG H jh . d G dH j : LddG edG jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
. H UN GY k M J
. J G j : dG Y edG . d ( OHCG hP ) dG AYdG g : G
. Gh edG YG g : G
. cM k ehO gh ( XdG H CG ) H c , d XdG j e g : G g
g : ( i`NCG UGe , M , QT SMEG , U , W , FGQ , d ) G UGe
. ( XdG H CG ) H c , e M CH XdG gP j e
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. XdG H H , G k ehO : QG
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. G N e c g : OLG
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. H c Xd OG g : IOdG
cGQOEG `UGe dG `gd Oe Z d OLG `g : dG
. H WMEG hCG
- : Ff
. (1) " AT e j h G c " H , e h eR K j - CG
. ( 3 : jG ) ( o NBp Ghn so hCn G n og ) J a
( fS dG GYe ) f Xf CG b e Qe c -
. f QGh XdG H bdG : CG CG
jG
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. k eY 33 GM gh jDhdG a dGh dG IG - 3
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
edG f
EG H , Gk MGh k KM Hj fCGh , NBG Y j eR e c , T CG Vf
dPh dG dG id bO SG d , hCG dG id GS 4 SG " G "
. e c id Le eR Sb ah
. H edG f g a
1
hCG dG id S OJ dG dG id bO
EG
2
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Gh edG
. ( 5 : GY BG ) ( Ap n sdG p hn Vp Qr Cn G p Al r Tn p r n Yn n rjn n G sEGp ) : J b
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
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AY H . Gk MGh k feR EG dG eR K d fEa , OhG Yh IUdG Jf ah , fEG H
. k KGMEG Y MEG EG J b H , HQCG OdG Y J KGMEG CG EG k VjQ GUJ AjdG
dG Z iNCG e d , edG eh , OHCG CG H b J G c G dG RYEG d
SMEG dG hCG , HQCG OHCc , H SMEG eEG bh b c e AGS , fEG Y QJ
Y J G c k VGh dP AL bh , jG dG jdG H M HQCG a g , H
H G TH JCj jCG Y a gh Ce CS eY dG Y S dG b Y dG
k G jBG cPCS . !! dG gh ,
: J G b , a edG Ve j a Y dG SCG K hC
rp rep ljr Yp n bn (38) n ppr eo o
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p JCr jn rCGn n r bn n Tp r n Hp p Jp Cr jn r o tjCGn Cn G n tjCGn jn ) S CG ( n bn )
n Jp BG fn CGn n
n Jp BG fn CGn
n r bn p Hp
p p dr G rep l r Yp o nr Yp sp dG n bn (39) lep CGn wp n dn p r n Yn q EGp hn n ep n en rep n o Jn rCGn n r bn p Hp
o o r jn sn Ep an n n Tn ren hn o o cr CGn r CGn o o Tr CGn CGn p n o r n dp uHQn p r an rep Gn ng n bn o nr Yp Gk q p n r eo o BGQn sn an n ao r Wn n r dn EGp sJn r jn rCGn
. ( 40 38 : dG ) ( l p cn wp Zn uHQn sEp an n n cn ren hn p rp n dp
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
jG
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jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
jG
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. edG jH J KGMEG KK jd Ea Yh
. feR H dG Y S id edG jH e hCG KGMEG
. feR H G e jdG id edG jH e fdG KGMEGh
. feR H dG e Y Y dG id edG jH e ddG KGMEGh
. dd Gk QJ dG dG jh
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
d edG e c e jd c ( n
p p dr G rep l r Yp o nr Yp ) da . LQCG dG g ddG MG EG
. feR QWEG j dG edG KGMEG H TdG
aW O Oj dG Y S eR edG KGMEd dH c edG e G dP
. Y
edG KGMEG H TdG d edG e c e jd c k jCa " G e jdG " eCG
dG Y d edG KGMEd dH c edG e G dP . feR QWEG j dG
. ee e j CG b S SL Ie Oj
e EG e e J CG ( Gg de TdG gh ) IOd c BGdG dG RYEG H d
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
. ( 10 : dG ) ( Gk Tn Qn fn p er CGn rep n dn ur ngnh k n Mr Qn n fr o dn rep n Jp BG n sHQn Gdo n an p r n dr G n EGp o n r p dr G ihn CGn Pr EGp (9)
hCG adG d YdG edG Y Aij dG `g e . c eh k L Gef dG GNO a
b . dc H edG jJ NG e H a H j G c h . ebh dG , HG
rp tCGn n n r n dp r ogn r n Hn sKo (11) Gk On Yn n p Sp p r n dr G p r ppfGPBn G n Yn n Hr n n an ) : J
Go p dn np n Mr CGn rp Hn rG
( 12 : dG ) ( Gk en CGn
. eR GjJ KK g fc GbaCG eY
r o tHQn Gdo bn m r jn n r Hn hr CGn k er jn n r p dn Gdo bn or r p dn r cn r o r ep l Fp bn n bn ) J b . dG jJ g : hCG jdG
H hCG k ej Gd fCG GhT G . GQSG K Q`T jd c d . ( 19 : dG ) ( or r p dn np o n Yr CGn
np o n Yr CGn r o tHQn m ) Gdbh GcQSa , jdG Gg e SJ Ic IQH J b dTCG CG EG . j
fCG dH , k ejCG Rhj d H , GS EG fgPCG fCG EG O Z GQSG Ggh . ( or r p dn
CG MU GUhCGh JRH fc dG jdG dG f GSG a . G Gg e dP H GaJ
IOdG Y ggj hCG gLd ghNCa fe eb j CG N JLM FGT id Gk QM j
o n r an p n jp rn G n EGp p p ng r o bp Qp n Hp r co nMn CGn Go n Hr an ) Y jM J b . dGh dG EG
k en Wn cn Rr CGn n tjCGn r
r ppsep p r co hop jo hr CGn r co o Lo r jn r o r n Yn Gho n r jn rEGp r o sfEGp (19) Gk Mn CGn r o Hp sn p r jo hn sr n n n dr hn o r ep mRr p Hp r o Jp Cr n r an
. ( 20 , 19 : dG ) ( (20) Gk Hn CGn Gk PEGp Go p r Jo rdn hn
dG OY M ef bSG dG edG `gh . ( UGdG eR ) OG edG jJ : dG jdG
( 25 : dG ) ( k r Jp GhoOGnORr Ghn n p Sp m Fn ep nKn r ppr cn p Go p dn hn ) : J b . SdG Y QJ c
d ? jdG IG g N iL GPe . dG Ff `gh S Jh FKK Y e d , f
k gN bj SdG QUh , Gk Gk d GUCGh Y Ghj h ICa SdG gaG
, L H L
GJe CG Hh , dP H Y GhY a , gf jb dG ADg UCa , gH e eb eBG K
n Yn Go n Zn njsp dG n bn r ppH o n Yr CGn r o tHQn k fn r Ho r pr n Yn Go Hr G Gdo n an ) : J b . J c GNG , M
. ( 21 : dG ) ( Gk p r en r pr n Yn sn sp n dn r gp p er CGn
b CG a , J G Y e g H , G e MC e Z jJ g : ddG jdG
G r bo ) J dG jBG ITe b . ( k pr J GhOo GOn Rr Ghn pn Sp mFn pe
n Kn r p pr cn p Go p dn hn ) : J
x p hn r pe ppfhOo r pe r o dn en r pSr CGn hn ppH r p Hr CGn Vp Qr Cn Ghn G
p n sn dG o r nZ o dn Go p dn np o n Yr CGn o
p pr Mo p o p rjo hn
. ( 26 : dG ) ( Gk Mn CGn
jG
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- : ddG bdG d dP H
jdG Y GLCG fEG M jdG dG Gg H hj dG id " edG jJ " CG Mj (1
.( or r p dn np o n Yr CGn r o tHQn ) : dH GQSG Y GLCG k jCG K j H hCG k ej d dH edG
. dG N NBG eR Gfc fCG GcQj fEG
fEG PEG . G edG jJ ce Hh IcGdG H G hdG Y KDj jdG ef EG (2
d dG QGSG gGa MG gh . dTCG J GM CG H d YCG HQ Gdb
M k L Gef eY dG bGdG Qe e jG bGdG e eJ k jCG dP Y j eh . IcGdG
o n r an p n jp rn G n EGp p p ng r o bp Qp n Hp r co nMn CGn Go n Hr an ) Gdb
sn p r jo hn sr n n n dr hn o r ep mRr p Hp r o Jp Cr n r an k en Wn cn Rr CGn n tjCGn r
H J fc G edG jJ ce EG IcGdG e SG G CG Y j Ggh . ( Gk Mn CGn r o Hp
QH J b edG KGMEG Y be CG GcQj h hCG edG KGMEG EG GhOY d . W
. GS Jh FKK
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
jG
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jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
l jn hp Nn ) jb a , H M b dG GG J Y fc jdG Y LdG c eY -2
hCG , ce gG edG j edG jJ ce CGH gh , ( n Th
p o Yo n Yn
c NBG G , HG dG g Y gh jdG g Y e b dG IdG Qd VG G
Kj fc fdGh hCG bdG fcP e " ( n Jp r en nr Hn o G p p ng p r jo sfCGn ) G G`SG
." KGMEG f MGh BG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
k UCG b QM CG M -
. DhG`LCG Jh eY baG k Fe k e k Y g
gDe UCa JeN GcCGh gJ GMCGh JQY GhOYCa GbCG dEG AL a jdG eCGh - O
. SdG e b e a d
- : edG M e ge eCG BG f
a Gg Yh . QL eda d dH eCG . dEG dH bJ b edG Ea LdG j a - CG
dH " eRdG " M b H EG LdG e e Y Fe N M dG GMCG
e k T jd edG jJ ce fG H eY d . d dH " Y Fe " Mh d
. " j H hCG j " e cCH Y FG Qj CG e j
hdG CG j Ga ICa G d Mh HGTh eW eh QM Y k cGQ c LdG CG W -
a dM Y GdGh dG H k jCGh ? j dM Y LdG L H GPa . IMGh dG
dP CG T . ed Jh d e HUCG e QG UCG M ? AG SCj h dG j
jJ LCh . JOGQEGh eh Y ahh Qbh FH dG AT c CGh J G IQb Rj
- : dG dG Sf CG dG g QJ
- : j e dG G`g Mj
. V dEG QG g h , j KOG e CG - CG
. AMCG YS ah OG edG M Y 100 EG QTCG edG Q Y KOG SEG EG -
QG H M IjL eR KGMEG HGTh eWh LdG NO JeEG M CG O d -
. J hH JKGMEG f jdGh
jG
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jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
fedG H fG
GGh AGSEG
rn p p r rn G rep k r dn p p r n Hp in Sr CGn sp dG nn r So ) : J b
( o dn r Mn n cr Qn Hn sp dG n br Cn G p p r rn G n EGp Gp n G
s nn an fn On sKo (7) n Yr Cn G p ao Co Hp n oghn (6) in n S
r an Im sep hPo (5) in o dr G o jp Tn o n sYn ) : J bh . (1 : AG`SEG)
n Yn o fn hQo n o an CGn (11) iCGn Qn en Oo GDn o dr G n n cn en (10) Mn hr CGn en p p r Yn n EGp Mn hr Cn an (9) fn Or CGn hr CGn rp Sn r bn
n bn nn an (8)
en In Qn ur dG rn jn Pr EGp (15) ihn Cr rn G o sLn ng nr Yp (14) n n r or G Ip Qn r Sp nr Yp (13) in rNCGo k dn rfn o BGQn r n dn hn (12) in jn en
. ( 18 5 : dG ) ( irn o dr G p uHQn
p jn BG rep iCGn Qn r n dn (17) n Wn en hn o n n dr G n GRn en (16) rn jn
- : feR jd a
. NBG eR gh GG eR : dG
. FG e e eR dh
jG
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edG S
- : gRHCG e " edG S " e bh dh
. edG GNG : hCG bdG
,cG gH edG j CG H j H J Y IQb fEG J G YCG d
VG Lj CG JQH CG CG , IMGh dPh `dG GQe Oj ,Gh VG
. !! VG jh G jh
M VM Sj CG feEH K . !! g eh V edG S j CG CG
CG j fCG c . G e SG eh VG e LSG e dGh GSG e d JOGQEG
- : de dd VCGh . !! GdH J gH k HgPh L Gh VGh VG H j
. ( 29 26 : dG ) : J b 1
jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
( 30 : gGHEG ) : J b 2
jG
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jG
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OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y
2 + 1 = dG G
( S + ) + ( + S ) =
U = ( ) 2 = S + + - S =
k eR hj CG h . k CG , eR j VG Y G EG K Vd gdG CG CG
k RedG a . VGh VG H dG GSG hJ d a b
k
, 1 ) : g , e H
.(2,1,2
. 2 = 1 h 2 = 1 M
jG
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N
S d J bh . dG cdG jBG H e SG fedG H ALQCG W a .. Hh
J Q WN GQTEG O g IG SGQdG g H dG EGh . dG BGdG Gg RYEG
GLa d MS dG G dG Gg Y e Gd Gh MdG eCG k SGh dG
. ( 38 : fCG ) ( mAr Tn rep n
p p dr G p n Wsr an en ) :FdG g J Gh , gGL e Gjh dB e
G SCGh dG eh f a dP Z c eh Mh G a G e SGQdG g c e
. dG Q G CG fGYO NBGh . dG
jG
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