588 MATHEMATICS

ANSWERS
EXERCISE 7.1

1 1 1 2x
1. − cos 2 x 2. sin 3x 3. e
2 3 2
1 1 4 4 3x
4. ( ax + b)3 5. − cos 2 x − e3 x 6. e + x+C
3a 2 3 3
x3 ax 3 bx 2 2 3 x
7. − x+C 8. + + cx + C 9. x +e +C
3 3 2 3

x2 x2 4
10. + log x − 2 x + C 11. + 5x + + C
2 2 x
7 3
2 2 x3
12. x + 2 x2 + 8 x + C 13. + x+C
7 3
3 5 7 5 3
2 2 2 2 6 2 4 2
14. x − x +C 15. x + x + 2x2 + C
3 5 7 5
3
2 3 10
16. 2
x − 3sin x + e + Cx
17. x + 3cos x + x 2 + C
3 3
18. tan x + sec x + C 19. tan x – x + C
20. 2 tan x – 3 sec x + C 21. C
22. A

EXERCISE 7.2

1
1. log (1 + x2) + C 2. (log| x |)3 + C 3. log 1+ log x + C
3
1
4. cos (cos x) + C 5. − cos 2( ax + b) + C
4a
3 5 3
2 2 4
6. (ax + b) 2 + C 7. ( x + 2) 2 − ( x + 2) 2 + C
3a 5 3
 ANSWERS 589

3 3
1 4 2
8. (1 + 2 x 2 ) 2 + C 9. ( x + x + 1) 2 + C 10. 2log x −1 + C
6 3
2
11. x + 4( x − 8) + C
3

1 3 1
7 4 1
12. ( x −1) 3 + ( x3 − 1) 3 + C 13. − +C
7 4 18(2 + 3x 3 ) 2

(log x)1− m 1 1 2 x+3

14. +C 15. − log | 9 − 4 x 2 | 16. e +C
1− m 8 2

1
17. − 2 +C 18. e tan
−1
x
+C
−x
19. log (e + e ) +C
x
2 ex

1 1
20. log (e 2 x + e −2 x ) + C 21. tan (2 x − 3) − x + C
2 2

1 1
22. − tan (7 − 4 x) + C 23. (sin −1 x )2 + C
4 2

1 1
24. log 2sin x + 3cos x + C 25. +C
2 (1 − tan x)
3
1
26. 2sin x + C 27. (sin 2 x ) 2 + C 28. 2 1+sin x + C
3

1 1
29. (log sin x ) 2 + C 30. – log (1+ cos x ) 31. 1+ cos x + C
2

x 1 x 1
32. − log cos x + sin x + C 33. − log cos x − sin x + C
2 2 2 2
1 1
34. 2 tan x + C 35. (1+ log x)3 + C 36. ( x + log x )3 + C
3 3
1
37. − cos(tan −1 x 4 ) + C 38. D
4
39. B
590 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 7.3

x 1 1 1
1. − sin (4 x + 10) + C 2. − cos 7 x + cos x + C
2 8 14 2
1⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
3. ⎢ sin12 x + x + sin 8 x + sin 4 x ⎥ + C
4 ⎣12 8 4 ⎦
1 1 1 1
4. − cos (2 x + 1) + cos3 (2 x + 1) + C 5. cos6 x − cos 4 x + C
2 6 6 4
1 ⎡1 1 1 ⎤
6. ⎢ cos 6 x − cos 4 x − cos 2 x⎥ + C
4 ⎣6 4 2 ⎦
1 ⎡1 1 ⎤ x
7. ⎢ sin 4 x − sin12 x ⎥ + C 8. 2 tan − x + C
2 ⎣4 12 ⎦ 2
x 3x 1 1
9. x − tan + C 10. − sin 2 x + sin 4 x + C
2 8 4 32
3x 1 1
11. + sin 4 x + sin 8 x + C 12. x – sin x + C
8 8 64
1
13. 2 (sinx + x cosα) + C 14. − +C
cos x +sin x

1 3 1 1 3
15. sec 2 x − sec 2 x + C 16. tan x − tan x + x + C
6 2 3
17. sec x – cosec x + C 18. tan x + C
1 2
19. log tan x + tan x + C 20. log cos x + sin x + C
2

π x x2 1 cos ( x − a )
21. − +C 22. log +C
2 2 sin (a − b) cos ( x − b)
23. A 24. B

EXERCISE 7.4
1
1. tan −1 x 3 + C 2. log 2 x + 1 + 4 x 2 + C
2
 ANSWERS 591

1 1 –1 5 x
3. log +C 4. sin +C
2
2 − x + x − 4x + 5 5 3

3 1 1 + x3
5. tan −1 2 x 2 + C 6. log +C
2 2 6 1 − x3

1
7. x 2 − 1 − log x + x 2 − 1 + C 8. log x 3 + x 6 + a 6 + C
3
2
9. log tan x + tan x + 4 + C 10. log x + 1+ x + 2 x + 2 + C
2

1 −1 ⎛ 3 x + 1⎞ –1 ⎛ x + 3 ⎞
tan ⎜ +C 12. sin ⎜⎝ ⎟ +C
11.
6 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 4 ⎠

3 –1 ⎛ 2 x − 3 ⎞
⎟ +C
2
13. log x – + x − 3x + 2 + C 14. sin ⎜⎝
2 41 ⎠

a +b
15. log x – + ( x − a)( x − b) + C
2

16. 2 2x 2 + x − 3 + C 17. x 2 − 1 + 2log x + x 2 − 1 + C

5 11 ⎛ 3x + 1⎞
log 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 − tan −1 ⎜ +C
18. 6 3 2 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

2 9 2
19. 6 x – 9x + 20 + 34 log x − + x − 9 x + 20 + C
2

⎛ x − 2⎞
– 4x – x2 + 4 sin −1 ⎜ +C
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
20.

21. x2 + 2 x +3 + log x + 1+ x2 + 2 x + 3 + C

1 2 x −1 − 6
22. log x 2 − 2 x − 5 + log +C
2 6 x −1+ 6
592 MATHEMATICS

2 2
23. 5 x + 4 x +10 − 7 log x + 2 + x + 4 x + 10 + C
24. B 25. B

EXERCISE 7.5

( x + 2)2 1 x−3
1. log +C 2. log +C
x +1 6 x+3
3. log x − 1 − 5log x − 2 + 4log x − 3 + C
1 3
4. log x − 1 − 2log x − 2 + log x − 3 + C
2 2
x 3
5. 4log x +2 − 2log x + 1 + C 6. + log x − log 1 − 2 x + C
2 4
1 1 1
7. log x − 1 − log ( x 2 + 1) + tan −1 x + C
2 4 2
2 x −1 1 1 x +1 4
8. log − +C 9. log − +C
9 x + 2 3( x − 1) 2 x −1 x −1
5 1 12
10. log x + 1 − log x − 1 − log 2 x + 3 + C
2 10 5
5 5 5
11. log x + 1 − log x + 2 + log x − 2 + C
3 2 6
x2 1 3
12. + log x + 1 + log x − 1 + C
2 2 2
1
13. – log x − 1 + log (1 + x2) + tan–1x + C
2
5 1 x −1 1
14. 3log x – 2 − +C 15. log − tan −1 x + C
x−2 4 x +1 2
1 xn 2 – sin x
16. log n +C 17. log +C
n x +1 1– sinx
2 x x 1 ⎛ x2 +1⎞
18. x+ tan −1 − 3tan −1 + C 19. log ⎜ 2 ⎟ + C
3 3 2 2 ⎝ x + 3⎠
 ANSWERS 593

1 x4 − 1 ⎛ ex – 1 ⎞
20. log +C 21. log ⎜ x ⎟+C
4 x4 ⎝ e ⎠
22. B 23. A

EXERCISE 7.6
x 1
1. – x cos x + sin x + C 2. − cos3 x + sin 3 x + C
3 9
x2 x2
3. e (x – 2x + 2) + C
x 2
4. log x − +C
2 4
x2 x2 x3 x3
5. log 2 x − + C 6. log x − + C
2 4 3 9

1 x 1 − x2 x2 x 1
7. (2 x 2 − 1) sin −1 x + +C 8. tan −1 x − + tan −1 x + C
4 4 2 2 2

2 cos –1 x x
9. (2 x − 1) − 1 − x2 + C
4 4

(sin x)
2
10. –1
x + 2 1 − x2 sin−1 x − 2 x + C

11. – ⎡⎢ 1–x2 cos –1 x + x⎤⎥ + C 12. x tan x + log cos x + C

⎣ ⎦
1 x2 x2 x2
13. x tan −1 x − log (1+ x 2 ) + C 14. (log x ) 2 − log x + + C
2 2 2 4
⎛ x3 ⎞ x3
15. ⎜ + x⎟ log x − − x + C 16. ex sin x + C
⎝ 3 ⎠ 9

ex x
17. +C 18. e tan + C
x
1+ x 2

ex ex
19. +C 20. +C
x ( x − 1) 2
e2 x
21. (2sin x − cos x) + C 22. 2x tan–1x – log (1 + x2) + C
5
23. A 24. B
594 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 7.7

1 x 1 −1 1
1. x 4 − x 2 + 2sin −1 + C 2. sin 2 x + x 1 − 4 x 2 + C
2 2 4 2
(x +2) 2
3. x + 4 x + 6 + log x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 6 + C
2
(x +2) 2 3
4. x + 4 x + 1 − log x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 1 + C
2 2
5 −1 ⎛ x + 2 ⎞ x + 2
sin ⎜ + 1 − 4x − x2 + C
5.
2 ⎝ 5 ⎟⎠ 2
(x +2) 2 9
6. x + 4 x − 5 − log x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x − 5 + C
2 2
(2x − 3) 13 ⎛ 2 x − 3⎞
1+ 3x − x 2 + sin −1 ⎜ +C
7.
4 8 ⎝ 13 ⎟⎠

2x +3 2 9 3
8. x + 3x − log x + + x 2 + 3x + C
4 8 2
x 2 3
9. x + 9 + log x + x 2 + 9 + C
6 2
10. A 11. D

EXERCISE 7.8

1 2 2 35 19
1. (b − a ) 2. 3.
2 2 3
27 1 15 + e8
4. 5. e − 6.
2 e 2

EXERCISE 7.9
3 64
1. 2 2. log 3.
2 3
1
4. 5. 0 6. e4 (e – 1)
2
 ANSWERS 595

1 ⎛ 2 −1 ⎞ π
7. log 2 8. log ⎜ ⎟ 9.
2 ⎝ 2− 3 ⎠ 2
π 1 3 π
10. 11. log 12.
4 2 2 4
1 1 3
13. log 2 14. log 6 + tan −1 5
2 5 5
1
16. 5 – ⎛⎜ 9log − log ⎞⎟
5 5 3
15. (e – 1)
2 2 ⎝ 4 2⎠
π4 π 3π
17. + +2 18. 0 19. 3log 2 +
1024 2 8
4 2 2
20. 1 + − 21. D 22. C
π π

EXERCISE 7.10

1 64 π
1. log 2 2. 3. – log 2
2 231 2
16 2 π 1 21 + 5 17
4. ( 2 + 1) 5. 6. log
15 4 17 4

π e2 (e2 − 2)
7. 8. 9. D
8 4
10. B

EXERCISE 7.11

π π π π
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 4 4 4
1
5. 29 6. 9 7. (n + 1) (n + 2)

π 16 2 π 1 π
8. log 2 9. 10. log 11.
8 15 2 2 2
596 MATHEMATICS

12. π 13. 0 14. 0 15. 0

a
16. – π log 2 17. 18. 5 20. C
2
21. C

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE ON CHAPTER 7

1 x2 2 ⎡ 3 3
⎤
1. log +C 2. ⎢( x + a) 2 − ( x + b) 2 ⎥ + C
2 1 − x2 3(a − b) ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥

1
2 ( a − x) ⎛ 1 ⎞4
3. – +C 4. – ⎜ 1+ 4 ⎟ + C
a x ⎝ x ⎠
1 1 1
5. 2 x − 3x 3 + 6 x 6 − 6log (1+ x 6 ) + C
1 1 3 x
6. − log x + 1 + log ( x 2 + 9) + tan −1 + C
2 4 2 3
x3
7. sin a log sin ( x − a) + x cos a + C 8. +C
3

–1 ⎛ sin x ⎞ 1
9. sin ⎜⎝ ⎟ +C 10. − sin 2 x + C
2 ⎠ 2
1 cos ( x + b) 1 −1 4
11. log + C 12. sin ( x ) + C
sin (a – b) cos( x + a) 4

⎛ 1+e x ⎞ 1 −1 1 −1 x
13. log ⎜⎝ 2+e x ⎟⎠ + C 14. tan x − tan +C
3 6 2
1 1
15. − cos 4 x + C 16. log ( x 4 + 1) + C
4 4
[f (ax + b)]n +1 –2 sin ( x + α )
17. +C 18. +C
a (n+1) sin α sin x

2(2x − 1) 2 x − x2
19. sin −1 x + − x+C
π π
 ANSWERS 597

20. –2 1– x + cos −1 x + x − x 2 + C

1
21. ex tan x + C 22. − 2log x +1 − + 3log x + 2 + C
x +1
3
1⎡ 1⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2⎤
23. ⎢ x cos −1 x − 1 − x 2 ⎤⎥ + C 24. – ⎜ 1 + 2 ⎟ ⎢ log ⎜ 1 + 2 ⎟ − ⎥ + C
2 ⎣ ⎦ 3 ⎝ x ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ x ⎠ 3⎦

π π
25. e 2 26.
8

π ( 3 − 1)
27. 28. 2sin −1
6 2

4 2 1
29. 30. log 9
3 40
π π
31. −1 32. (π − 2)
2 2

19 1 ⎛ 2 1⎞
33. 40. ⎜ e − ⎟⎠
2 3⎝ e
41. A 42. B
43. D 44. B

EXERCISE 8.1

14 32 − 8 2
1. 2. 16 − 4 2 3.
3 3
π
4. 12π 5. 6π 6.
3

a2 ⎛ π ⎞ 2 1
7. ⎜ −1⎟ 8. (4) 3 9.
2 ⎝2 ⎠ 3

9
10. 11. 8 3 12. A 13. B
8
598 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 8.2

2 9 2 2 ⎛ 2π 3⎞
+ sin −1 2. ⎜⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎟⎠
1.
6 4 3 ⎝ 3
21
3. 4. 4 5. 8
2
6. B 7. B

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 8

7
1. (i) (ii) 624.8
3
1 7
2. 3. 4. 9 5. 4
6 3

8 a2 3
6. 7. 27 8. (π − 2)
3 m3 2
ab 9 1
9. (π − 2) 10. 11. 2 12.
4 2 3
7 9π 9 ⎛1⎞ 1
13. 7 14. 15. − sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ +
2 8 4 ⎝ 3⎠ 3 2
16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B

EXERCISE 9.1
1. Order 4; Degree not defined 2. Order 1; Degree 1
3. Order 2; Degree 1 4. Order 2; Degree not defined
5. Order 2; Degree 1 6. Order 3; Degree 2
7. Order 3; Degree 1 8. Order 1; Degree 1
9. Order 2; Degree 1 10. Order 2; Degree 1
11. D 12. A

EXERCISE 9.2
11. D 12. D
 ANSWERS 599

EXERCISE 9.3
1. y″ = 0 2. xy y″ + x (y′)² – y y′ = 0
3. y″ – y′– 6y = 0 4. y″ – 4y′ + 4y = 0
5. y″ – 2y′ + 2y = 0 6. 2xyy′ + x2 = y2
7. xy′ – 2y = 0 8. xyy″ + x(y′)² – yy′ = 0
9. xyy″ + x(y′)² – yy′ = 0 10. (x² – 9) (y′)² + x² = 0
11. B 12. C

EXERCISE 9.4
x
1. y = 2 tan− x+C 2. y = 2 sin (x + C)
2
3. y = 1 + Ae–x 4. tan x tan y = C
x3
5. y = log (ex + e–x) + C 6. tan –1 y = x + +C
3
7. y = ecx 8. x – 4 + y –4 =C
9. y = x sin–1x + 1– x 2 + C 10. tan y = C ( 1 – ex)
1 1
11. y = log ⎡⎣( x + 1) ( x + 1) ⎤⎦ − tan x + 1
2 2 3 –1
4 2
1 ⎛ x 2 − 1⎞ ⎛ y −2 ⎞
12. y = log ⎜⎝ x 2 ⎟⎠ 13. cos ⎜⎝ ⎟ =a
2 x ⎠
14. y = sec x 15. 2y – 1 = ex ( sin x – cos x)
16. y – x + 2 = log (x2 (y + 2)2) 17. y2 – x2 = 4
1
18. (x + 4)2 = y + 3 19. (63t + 27) 3
20. 6.93% 21. Rs 1648
2log 2
22. 23. A
⎛ 11⎞
log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠

EXERCISE 9.5
−y
2
1. ( x − y) = Cx ex 2. y = x log x + Cx
600 MATHEMATICS

⎛ y⎞ 1
3. tan –1 ⎜ ⎟ = log ( x 2 + y 2 ) + C 4. x2 + y2 = Cx
⎝x⎠ 2
1 x+ 2y
5. log = log x + C 6. y + x 2 + y 2 = Cx 2
2 2 x− 2y

⎛ y⎞ ⎡ ⎛ y⎞⎤ ⎛y⎞
7. xy cos ⎜ ⎟ = C 8. x ⎢1 − cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ = Csin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x⎠ ⎣ ⎝x⎠⎦ ⎝x⎠
x
y ye + x = C
y
9. cy = log − 1 10.
x
y π
11. log ( x2 + y2) + 2 tan–1 = + log 2
x 2
⎛ y⎞
12. y + 2x = 3x2 y 13. cot ⎜ ⎟ = log ex
⎝x⎠

⎛ y⎞ 2x
14. cos ⎜ ⎟ = log ex 15. y= ( x ≠ 0, x ≠ e)
⎝ x⎠ 1 − log x
16. C 17. D

EXERCISE 9.6
1
1. y = (2sin x – cos x) + C e–2x 2. y = e–2x + Ce–3x
5
x4
3. xy = +C 4. y (sec x + tan x) = sec x + tan x – x + C
4
x2
5. y = (tan x – 1) + C e –tanx
6. y= (4 log x − 1) + Cx −2
16
−2
7. y log x = (1 + log x ) + C 8. y = (1+ x) −2 log sin x + C (1 + x 2 ) −1
x
1 C
9. y = − cot x + 10. (x + y + 1) = C ey
x x sin x

y2 C
11. x= + 12. x = 3y2 + Cy
3 y
 ANSWERS 601

π
13. y = cos x – 2 cos2 x 14. y (1 + x2) = tan–1 x –
4
15. y = 4 sin3 x – 2 sin2 x 16. x + y + 1 = ex
17. y = 4 – x – 2 ex 18. C 19. D

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 9

1. (i) Order 2; Degree 1 (ii) Order 1; Degree 3
(iii) Order 4; Degree not defined

2 y 2 − x2
3. y′ = 5. (x + yy′)² = (x – y)2 (1 + ( y′)2)
4 xy
sec x
6. sin–1y + sin–1x = C 8. cos y =
2
x
π
9. tan y + tan (e ) =
–1 –1 x
10. e = y + C
y
2
11. log x – y = x + y + 1 12. y e2 x
= (2 x + C)

π2 2 x +1
13. y sin x = 2 x 2 − (sin x ≠ 0) 14. y = log , x ≠ −1
2 x +1
15. 31250 16. C
17. C 18. C

EXERCISE 10.1

1. In the adjoining figure, the vector OP represents the required displacement.

602 MATHEMATICS

2. (i) scalar (ii) vector (iii) scalar (iv) scalar (v) scalar
(vi) vector
3. (i) scalar (ii) scalar (iii) vector (iv) vector (v) scalar
4. (i) Vectors a and b are coinitial
(ii) Vectors b and d are equal
(iii) Vectors a and c are collinear but not equal
5. (i) True (ii) False (iii) False (iv) False

EXERCISE 10.2

1. a = 3, b = 62, c = 1
2. An infinite number of possible answers.
3. An infinite number of possible answers.
4. x = 2, y = 3 5. – 7 and 6; –7 iˆ and 6 ˆj
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2 ˆ
6. − 4 ˆj − kˆ 7. i+ j+ k
6 6 6
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
8. i+ j+ k 9. i+ k
3 3 3 2 2
40 ˆ 8 ˆ 16 ˆ 1 2 3
10. i− j+ k 12. , ,
30 30 30 14 14 14
1 2 2 1 4 1
13. − ,− , 15. (i) − iˆ + ˆj + kˆ (ii) −3iˆ + 3 kˆ
3 3 3 3 3 3
16. 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ 18. (C) 19. (D)

EXERCISE 10.3

π ⎛ 5⎞
1. 2. cos –1 ⎜ ⎟ 3. 0
4 ⎝ 7⎠

60 16 2 2 2 2 2
4. 6. , 7. 6 a + 11a.b – 35 b
114 3 7 3 7

8. a = 1, b = 1 9. 13 10. 8
 ANSWERS 603

−3
12. Vector b can be any vector 13.
2
14. Take any two non-zero perpendicular vectors a and b

–1 ⎛ 10 ⎞
15. cos ⎜⎝ ⎟ 18. (D)
102 ⎠

EXERCISE 10.4

2 2 1 π 1 1 1
1. 19 2 2. ± iˆ ∓ ˆj ∓ kˆ 3. ; , ,
3 3 3 3 2 2 2
27
5. 3, 6. Either a = 0 or b = 0
2
8. No; take any two nonzero collinear vectors

9. 61 10. 15 2 11. (B) 12. (C)

2

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 10

3ˆ 1 ˆ
1. i+ j
2 2

2. x2 – x1 , y2 – y1 , z2 − z1; ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 + ( z2 − z1 ) 2
−5 ˆ 3 3 ˆ
3. i+ j
2 2
4. No; take a , b and c to represent the sides of a triangle.
1 3 10 ˆ 3 ˆ 3 ˆ 2 ˆ
5. ± 6. 10 iˆ + j 7. i− j+ k
3 2 2 22 22 22

1 ˆ
8. 2 : 3 9. 3 a + 5 b 10. (3i – 6 ˆj + 2kˆ); 11 5
7
1
12. (160iˆ – 5 ˆj + 70kˆ) 13. λ = 1 16. (B)
3
17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (B)
604 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 11.1
−1 1 1 1 1 −9 6 − 2
1. 0, , 2. ± ,± ,± 3. , ,
2 2 3 3 3 11 11 11
−2 − 2 3 −2 −3 − 2 4 5 −1
5. , , ; , , ; , ,
17 17 17 17 17 17 42 42 42

EXERCISE 11.2

4. r = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3 kˆ + λ ( 3 iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2 kˆ ) , where λ is a real number

5. r = 2 iˆ − ˆj + 4 kˆ + λ ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) and cartesian form is
x −2 y + 1 z − 4
= =
1 2 −1
x+2 y−4 z+5
6. = =
3 5 6
7. r = (5 iˆ − 4 ˆj + 6 kˆ) + λ (3 iˆ + 7 ˆj + 2 kˆ)
8. Vector equation of the line: r = λ ( 5 iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3 kˆ ) ;
x y z
Cartesian equation of the line: = =
5 −2 3
9. Vector equation of the line: r = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 5kˆ + λ (11kˆ)
x −3 y+2 z+5
Cartesian equation of the line: = =
0 0 11

−1 ⎛ 19 ⎞ −1 ⎛ 8 ⎞
10. (i) θ = cos ⎜ ⎟ (ii) θ = cos ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 21 ⎠ ⎝5 3 ⎠

−1 ⎛ 26 ⎞ −1 ⎛ 2 ⎞
11. (i) θ = cos ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (ii) θ = cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 9 38 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
70 3 2
12. p= 14. 15. 2 29
11 2
3 8
16. 17.
19 29
 ANSWERS 605

EXERCISE 11.3
1 1 1 1
1. (a) 0, 0, 1; 2 (b) , , ;
3 3 3 3
2 3 −1 5 8
(c) , , ; (d) 0, 1, 0;
14 14 14 14 5
⎛ 3 iˆ + 5 ˆj − 6 kˆ ⎞
2. r⋅⎜ ⎟⎟ = 7
⎜ 70
⎝ ⎠
3. (a) x + y – z = 2 (b) 2x + 3y – 4 z = 1
(c) (s – 2t) x + (3 – t) y + (2s + t) z = 15
⎛ 24 36 48 ⎞ ⎛ 18 24 ⎞
4. (a) ⎜ , , ⎟ (b) ⎜ 0, , ⎟
⎝ 29 29 29 ⎠ ⎝ 5 5 ⎠
⎛1 1 1⎞ ⎛ −8 ⎞
(c) ⎜ , , ⎟ (d) ⎜ 0, , 0⎟
⎝ 3 3 3⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠
5. (a) [ r − ( iˆ − 2 kˆ )] ⋅ (iˆ + ˆj − kˆ) = 0; x + y – z = 3
(b) [ r − ( iˆ + 4 ˆj + 6 kˆ ) ] ⋅ ( iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ) = 0; x – 2y + z + 1 = 0
6. (a) The points are collinear. There will be infinite number of planes
passing through the given points.
(b) 2x + 3y – 3z = 5
5
7. , 5, –5 8. y = 3 9. 7x – 5y + 4z – 8 = 0
2
10. ( )
r ⋅ 38 iˆ + 68 ˆj + 3 kˆ = 153 11. x – z + 2 = 0

⎛ 15 ⎞
12. cos −1 ⎜
⎝ 731 ⎟⎠

⎛2⎞
13. (a) cos −1 ⎜ ⎟ (b) The planes are perpendicular
⎝5⎠
(c) The planes are parallel (d) The planes are parallel
(e) 45o
3 13
14. (a) (b)
13 3
(c) 3 (d) 2
606 MATHEMATICS

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 11

x y z −1 ⎛ 5 ⎞
3. 90° 4. = = 5. cos ⎜ ⎟
1 0 0 ⎝ 187 ⎠

−10
6. k= 7. r = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3 kˆ + λ ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5 kˆ )
7
8. x + y + z = a + b + c 9. 9
⎛ 17 −13 ⎞ ⎛ 17 23 ⎞
10. ⎜ 0, , ⎟ 11. ⎜ , 0, ⎟ 12. (1, – 2, 7)
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 3 ⎠
7
13. 7x – 8y + 3z + 25 = 0 14. p = 1 or
3
15. y – 3z + 6 = 0 16. x + 2y – 3z – 14 = 0
17. 33 x + 45 y + 50 z – 41 = 0 18. 13
19. r = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3 kˆ + λ (− 3 iˆ + 5 ˆj + 4kˆ)

20. r = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4 kˆ + λ (2 iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6 kˆ) 22. D

23. B

EXERCISE 12.1
1. Maximum Z = 16 at (0, 4)
2. Minimum Z = – 12 at (4, 0)

235 ⎛ 20 45 ⎞
3. Maximum Z = at ⎜ , ⎟
19 ⎝ 19 19 ⎠

⎛ 3 1⎞
4. Minimum Z = 7 at ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠
2 2
5. Maximum Z = 18 at (4, 3)
6. Minimum Z = 6 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (6, 0)
and (0, 3).
7. Minimum Z = 300 at (60, 0);
Maximum Z = 600 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (120, 0)
and (60, 30).
 ANSWERS 607

8. Minimum Z = 100 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (0, 50)
and (20, 40);
Maximum Z = 400 at (0, 200)
9. Z has no maximum value
10. No feasible region, hence no maximum value of Z.

EXERCISE 12.2

⎛8 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
1. Minimum cost = Rs 160 at all points lying on segment joining ⎜ ,0⎟ and ⎜⎝ 2, ⎟⎠ .
⎝3 ⎠ 2
2. Maximum number of cakes = 30 of kind one and 10 cakes of another kind.
3. (i) 4 tennis rackets and 12 cricket bats
(ii) Maximum profit = Rs 200
4. 3 packages of nuts and 3 packages of bolts; Maximum profit = Rs 73.50.
5. 30 packages of screws A and 20 packages of screws B; Maximum profit
= Rs 410
6. 4 Pedestal lamps and 4 wooden shades; Maximum profit = Rs 32
7. 8 Souvenir of types A and 20 of Souvenir of type B; Maximum profit
= Rs 1600.
8. 200 units of desktop model and 50 units of portable model; Maximum profit
= Rs 1150000.
9. Minimise Z = 4x + 6y
subject to 3x + 6y ≥ 80, 4x + 3y ≥ 100, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0, where x and y denote the
number of units of food F1 and food F2 respectively; Minimum cost = Rs 104
10. 100 kg of fertiliser F1 and 80 kg of fertiliser F2; Minimum cost = Rs 1000
11. (D)

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 12

1. 40 packets of food P and 15 packets of food Q; Maximum amount of vitamin A
= 285 units.
2. 3 bags of brand P and 6 bags of brand Q; Minimum cost of the mixture = Rs 1950
3. Least cost of the mixture is Rs 112 (2 kg of Food X and 4 kg of food Y).
608 MATHEMATICS

5. 40 tickets of executive class and 160 tickets of economy class; Maximum profit
= Rs 136000.
6. From A : 10,50, 40 units; From B: 50,0,0 units to D, E and F respectively and
minimum cost = Rs 510
7. From A: 500, 3000 and 3500 litres; From B: 4000, 0, 0 litres to D, E and F
respectively; Minimum cost = Rs 4400
8. 40 bags of brand P and 100 bags of brand Q; Minimum amount of nitrogen
= 470 kg.
9. 140 bags of brand P and 50 bags of brand Q; Maximum amount of nitrogen
= 595 kg.
10. 800 dolls of type A and 400 dolls of type B; Maximum profit = Rs 16000

EXERCISE 13.1

2 1 16
1. P ( E|F) = , P ( F|E ) = 2. P ( A|B) =
3 3 25
3. (i) 0.32 (ii) 0.64 (iii) 0.98
11
4.
26
4 4 2
5. (i) (ii) (iii)
11 5 3
1 3 6
6. (i) (ii) (iii)
2 7 7
7. (i) 1 (ii) 0
1 1 1
8. 9. 1 10. (a) , (b)
6 3 9
1 1 1 2 3 1
11. (i) , (ii) , (iii) ,
2 3 2 3 4 4
1 1 5
12. (i) (ii) 13.
2 3 9
1
14. 15. 0 16. C 17. D
15
 ANSWERS 609

EXERCISE 13.2
3 25 44
1. 2. 3.
25 102 91
4. A and B are independent 5. A and B are not independent
6. E and F are not independent
1 1
7. (i) p = (ii) p =
10 5
8. (i) 0.12 (ii) 0.58 (iii) 0.3 (iv) 0.4
3
9. 10. A and B are not independent
8
11. (i) 0.18 (ii) 0.12 (iii) 0.72 (iv) 0.28
7 16 20 40
12. 13. (i) , (ii) , (iii)
8 81 81 81
2 1 1 1 1
14. (i) , (ii) 15. (i) , (ii) 16. (a) , (b) , (c)
3 2 5 3 2
17. D 18. B

EXERCISE 13.3
1 2 9 12
1. 2. 3. 4.
2 3 13 13
198 4 1 1
5. 6. 7. 8.
1197 9 52 4
2 8 5 11
9. 10. 11. 12.
9 11 34 50
13. A 14. C

EXERCISE 13.4
1. (ii), (iii) and (iv) 2. X = 0, 1, 2; yes 3. X = 6, 4, 2, 0
4. (i) X 0 1 2
1 1 1
P(X)
4 2 4
(ii) X 0 1 2 3
1 3 3 1
P(X)
8 8 8 8
610 MATHEMATICS

(iii) X 0 1 2 3 4
1 1 3 1 1
P(X)
16 4 8 4 16
5. (i) X 0 1 2
4 4 1
P(X)
9 9 9
(ii) X 0 1
25 11
P(X)
36 36
6. X 0 1 2 3 4
256 256 96 16 1
P(X)
625 625 625 625 625
7. X 0 1 2
9 6 1
P(X)
16 16 16

1 3 17
8. (i) k= (ii) P(X < 3) = (iii) P(X > 6) =
10 10 100
3
(iv) P(0 < X < 3) =
10
1 1 1
9. (a) k=(b) P(X < 2) = , P(X ≤ 2) = 1, P(X ≥ 2) =
6 2 2
1 14
10. 1.5 11. 12.
3 3
13. Var(X) = 5.833, S.D = 2.415
14. X 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1
P(X)
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Mean = 17.53, Var(X) = 4.78 and S.D(X) = 2.19
15. E(X) = 0.7 and Var (X) = 0.21 16. B 17. D
 ANSWERS 611

EXERCISE 13.5
3 7 63
1. (i) (ii) (iii)
32 64 64
9
25 ⎛ 29 ⎞ ⎛ 19 ⎞
2. 3. ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
216 ⎝ 20 ⎠ ⎝ 20 ⎠
1 45 243
4. (i) (ii) (iii)
1024 512 1024
5. (i) (0.95)5 (ii) (0.95)4 × 1.2 (iii) 1 – (0.95)4 × 1.2
(iv) 1 – (0.95)5
4 20
⎛ 9⎞ ⎛1⎞
7. ⎜ ⎟ ⎣⎡ 20C12 + C 20 ⎦⎤
20 20
6. ⎜ ⎟ C13 + ... +
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝2⎠
11
9.
243
50 49 49
⎛ 99 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 99 ⎞ 149 ⎛ 99 ⎞
10. (a) 1 − ⎜ (c) 1 −
⎝ 100 ⎟⎠ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(b)
2 ⎝ 100 ⎠ 100 ⎝ 100 ⎠
5 4
7 ⎛ 5⎞ 35 ⎛ 5 ⎞ 22 × 93
11. ⎜ ⎟ 12. ⎜ ⎟ 13.
12 ⎝ 6 ⎠ 18 ⎝ 6 ⎠ 1011
14. C 15. A

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 13

1. (i) 1 (ii) 0
1 1
2. (i) (ii)
3 2
20
3.
21
10
4. 1 − ∑ 10 Cr (0.9) r (0.1)10− r
r=7

6 4 6
⎛2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛2⎞ 864
5. (i) ⎜ ⎟ (ii) 7 ⎜ ⎟ (iii) 1 − ⎜ ⎟ (iv)
⎝5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝5⎠ 3125
612 MATHEMATICS

510 625 2
6. 7. 8.
2 × 69 23328 7
4
31 ⎛ 2 ⎞ 11
9. ⎜ ⎟ 10. n ≥ 4 11.
9 ⎝ 3⎠ 216
1 2 8 14 3
12. , , 13. 14.
15 5 15 29 16
16
15. (i) 0.5 (ii) 0.05 16.
31
17. A 18. C 19. B

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