11/28/2012

Sisteme automate pentru

transporturi
Curs 006 / JE005 / 28 noiembrie 2012

Terrain Awareness Warning Systems (TAWS)

`

Sistem de avertizare i contientizare a pilotului n

ceea ce privete forma terenului i distana fa de nivelul
acestuia ;
Furnizeaz toate informaiile necesare pentru evitarea
coliziunii aeronavei cu terenul / obstacolele de pe
acesta ;
Poart i denumirea de Ground Proximity Warning
y
((GPWS)) sistem de avertizare a apropierii
p p
de
System
pmnt ;

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Altimetria aeronavei
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nlimea de zbor a unei aeronave (aircraft, a/c) fa de sol

este indicat de un altimetru :
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Altimetru barometric
`
`

distana fa de un nivel de referin ;

corespunztor unei presiuni de referin Mean Sea Level - MSL ;

Altimetru radio (radar)

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`

distana fa de un obstacol care reflect undele radio ;

corespunztoare suprafaei terenului Above Ground Level - AGL.

Altimetrul barometric

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Altimetrul radio

Altimetrul radio

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Funcionarea sistemului GPWS

`
`

Sistemul monitorizeaz nlimea aeronavei deasupra

terenului, aa cum este ea indicat de altimetrul radio ;
U computer
Un
t nregistreaz

i t
ii stocheaz
t h
aceste
t date,
d t
calculeaz tendina de evoluie i avertizeaz pilotul
cu mesaje vizuale/audio n cazul n care aeronava se afl
ntr-o configuraie de zbor definit ("moduri") ;

Modurile aeronavei
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Excessive descent rate - "SINK RATE" "PULL UP"

Excessive terrain closure rate - "TERRAIN" "PULL UP"
Altitude loss after take off or with a high power setting
- "DON'T SINK"
Unsafe terrain clearance - "TOO LOW TERRAIN"
"TOO LOW GEAR" "TOO LOW FLAPS"
Excessive deviation below glide slope - "GLIDESLOPE"
E
Excessively
i l steep
t
bbankk angle
l - "BANK ANGLE"
Windshear protection - "WINDSHEAR"

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Modurile GPWS ale aeronavei

ILS - Glideslope

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Indicaiile instrumentului de bord GS

Imperfeciunile GPWS
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Altimetrul radio are o zon oarb, pentru c antena este

direcionat spre teren i nu n direcia de zbor ; nu se
poate cunoate profilul terenului n avans ;
Lobul principal al antenei are o deschidere de 80, se
poate cunoate prezena unui obstacol vzut sub 40 fa
de verticala la sol, n zbor orizontal ;
Sistemul este mbuntit prin adugarea informaiei de
poziie
p
GPS i afiarea

unei hri
digitale
g
(dintr-o
(
baz
de date cu informaii digitale privind terenul,
stocat local)
`

Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System - EGPWS

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GPWS vs EGPWS

Anvelopa acoperit de sistem

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Modul de afiare al informaiei de altitudine

a terenului

Moduri de afiaj

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Terrain Display / Radio Altitude Indicator

Terrain Awareness and Display (TAD)

`

The Terrain Awareness and Display

(TAD) function compares the aircraft
FMS (Flight management
system)
t
) position
iti with
ith th
the llocall
terrain in the database.

It also computes two envelope

boundaries ahead of the aircraft.
When terrain data conflicts with one
of these envelopes, specific aural and
visual
i l alerts
l t are ttriggered.
i
d

This function also provides terrain

data display on the Navigation
Display (ND).

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Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF)

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The Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF)

function computes a terrain clearance
envelope around the airport runway.
It is based on current aircraft location,
nearest runway center point position
included in the database and radio height.
When the aircraft enters this envelope,
an alert "TOO LOW TERRAIN" is
produced even if the aircraft is in
landing configuration.
This alert protects against an attempt to
land where there is no airfield. This
can be the case for example when
descending by mistake on a wrong
vertical path during a non-precision
approach.
This function operates during any
flight phase.

Versiune pentru helicopter

10

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Caracteristici funcionale

Multi-Function Radar Display (MFRD)

11

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MFD Multi Function Display

12