What is fermentation?

process according to which microorganisms

break down organic matter to obtain the
energy required to stay alive, and make
organic compounds such as alcohol and
organic acid, as well as inorganic compounds
such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
In chemistry term, this process is about living
organisms recycle NADHNAD+ in the
absence of oxygen.

It depend on the substances formed. E.g :

alcohol fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
amino-acid fermentation

Figure 1: example of alcoholic in yeast

Example of processes
the production of pharmaceutical products
the purification of wastewater and waste material
the production of food & beverages (major)

Example of fermentation technology

batch bioreactions
continuous bioreactions
semicontinuous bioreactions
submerged bioreactions-stir tank