خواص المواد واختباراتها الجزء الثانى

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Structure Materials! ) (-'&
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Cement
1-2

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...

! "# 2-2

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) (Lime stone
) (Chalk % ) (Clay
) (Shale %
. ) (Fe2O3
) (Al2O3
) (
)( )(
.

.

. :
/ - /.

- ) (-
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)&' () * +,- (%-
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- :
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%
% .
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: %

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: - ) ( CaCO3
) ( CaO .
-
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-
:
C3S
C2 S
C3A
C4AF

)(-
/ - /.

)(' &

%
& ( ! 8 ) 4
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12
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B14 A
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:4

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-
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12
I! :
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:CD%2
! FEA
)034 56 10- (2-

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EA
JK2! CD%2
=;L2
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23 4
C3S
C2 S
C3A
C4AF
% -
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-.

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L2;= 1 ;;= R2(

'B'
Fe
2!
Al
O
Ca
1
;
Si
O
O2
1K=;'
'B':' O QP
Fe2O3
2!=' O QP
AL2O3
1
O' O CP
SiO2
O1' O
CaO
L2;S OD A
2! F)
O1' B'
2! QP
O1
1
; CP
O1
1
; QP
O1
C4AF
C3A
C2S
C3S
'T4A L2;=
.J)E6F'4 @3A G6 H I'5 CD (B-)
/ - /.

: ) (X-ray
.

) ( Bogue Equations:
:6 7
) ( AL2O3 )( Fe2O3
AIR ( AL2O3 / Fe2O3) 0.64
)(Alumina Iron Ratio
)C3S% = 4.07 (CaO) 7.60 (SiO2) 6.72 ( AL2 O3) 1.43 ( FeO3 ) 2.85 (SO3
)C2S% = 2.87 (SiO2) 0.754 (C3S

)C3A% = 2.65 (AL2 O3) 1.69 ( Fe2O3
) C4AF = 3.04 ( Fe2 O3
: 7
) ( AL2O3 )( Fe2O3
, ) .( C4 A + C2 F
(Alumina Iron Ratio) AIR ( AL2O3 / Fe2O3) < 0.64
)C3S% = 4.07 ( CaO) 7.6 ( SiO2) 4.48 ( AL2O3) 2.86 ( Fe2O3) 2.85 ( SO3
)C2S% = 2.87 (SiO2) 0.754 ( C3S

)(C4 A + C2 F) % = 2.1 (AL2 O3) + 1.7 (Fe2 O3
) (Lime Saturation Factor

. ) ( LSF :
!" -
)Ca O 0.7 ( SO3

)2.8 (SiO3) + 1.2 ( AL2 O3 ) + 0.65 ( Fe2O3
=LSF
, ( 0.66 < LSF < 1.02) ,

) ( Silica Ratio :
Si O2
Al2 O3 + Fe2 O3
=SR

.
)(-
R)E6F'4 @3AQ4 ) PQ4 '50MN4 *O (-) K*L
CaO
SiO2
AL2O3
Fe2O3
MgO
) - (
Na2O
K2 O
, ,
SO3
/ - /.

Hydration
9! 4-2

.
:
: .
: . : . :
)(Mechanism of hydration
)( Main hydration reactions
)(Heat oh hydration
)(Physical process of hydration
Mechanism of hydration 9: ' ' 1-4-2

.

.

.
.

% .

.
!" -
Main Hydration Reactions 9; << +"= 2-4-2
:
.
!+ 9
) (C3A .
) ( .
) (
. ) (C3A
) (C4AF

.

.
%
.

.%
:
)C3A + 26 H + 3C SH2 (gypsum
)C3A.3CSH32 (Ettringite
+ +
Ettringite
)C3A.CSH12 (monosulfate
C3A + 10 H + CsH2
+ +
C6AF H12
C4AF + 10H + 2CH
+ +
/ - /.

!+'>4 9
) (C3S
) (C2S
/ .
.
.
:
-
:
C3S2H3 (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) + 3CH
)( +
C3S2H3 (Calcium silicate Hydrate + CH
)( +
2C3S (Alite) + 6H
2C2S (Belite) + 4H
C3S :
-
% .
% .
C2S :
-
% .
% .
) (- . )-
( .
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C3S
C2S
C3A
C4AF
VW&4 XN-*M- Y# @3A H'P0- ZUT6 (S-)
\!AO
V
V
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C3S
V
V
C2S
R
R
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/ - /.

)

(.

(.
(Heat of Hydration) 9: *? 3-4-2
) (

)-(
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C3 S
C3 A

C4AF
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.
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A
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)@3A 3e# - "F0O d') K- (c-

R)E6F'4
/ - /.

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(Physical process of hydration)
9! >&" @A 4-4-2

)-( .
)-(.
%
%

%
%

%

%
%

C DE 9:
9! %50
9! %100
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% - ,
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Fe2O3 : Al2O3 -
Fe2O3
Al2O3
C4AF C3A
- C4AF .

)(
C3A C4AF .
C2S

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%
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170 NE DV WV <C

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Fineness of Cement by the sieve NO. 170
) (

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% % .

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X>C ^[\ WV <C

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Determination of Fineness of Cement Using Blaine Apparatus
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Specific Density of Cement
d " 3' hE P
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Water Required for Cement Paste of Standard Consistency
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d %[ % C1 iM n^ kl P
Initial and Final Setting Times of
Cement Paste Using Vicats Apparatus
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Le Chatelier Expansion of Cement
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/ - /.

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p: )*0- F'N (c-B-)
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+ P QP 3-6-2
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C2S
C3A
C4AF
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II
III
V V
( %^ -
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/ - /.

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Compressive Strength of Cement Mortars
_ P1 K R
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/ - /.

!TP ! a *

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Flexural Strength of Cement Mortar
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/ - /.

P1 +0P
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J &> M P

Tensile Strength of Cement Mortars
_ P1 K R
.
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(
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CEM5, CEM4, CEM3, CEM2
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(P, Q) #$%& -2

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% %,
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% CEM 1
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%
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<: ?2
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( D ) 56 78 -6

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) (-
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LL
CEM 1
CEM2/A-S
CEM2/B-S
CEM2/A-D
CEM2/A-P
CEM2/A-Q
CEM2/B-Q
CEM2/A-V
CEM 2/B-V
CEM 2/A-W
CEM 2/B-W
CEM 2/A-T
CEM 2/B-T
CEM 1

CEM2/B-P
CEM 2
/ - /.

CEM 2/A-L
CEM 2/B-L
CEM 2 - CEM 2/A-LL
- CEM 2/B-LL
CEM 2/A-M
CEM 2/B-M

CEM 3
CEM 4
CEM 5
CEM 3/A
CEM 3/B
CEM 3/C
CEM 4/A
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Aggregates
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=Sieve Analysis FQ& F1

) (-

.
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.
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(E? K5)
(E$)? K5)
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(K51 S
(K51 S
(K51
(K51 S
(K51 - S
(K51 S
(K51
(K51 S
(K51
(K51S
(K51
(K51 S
(K51 S
(K51S
BT
(K51 S
(K51 - S
(K51 /
(K51 /
(K51 /
(K51S
(K51 /
(K51 /
(K51 /
(K51 /
S BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
(K51S
(K51
(K51 /
(K51S
(K51 /
(K51 S
(K51 /
(K51 /
(K51 S
(K51 /
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
B&
B&
B&
B&
B&
B&
B&
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B&S
B& S
B& S
B& S
B& S
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
BT
BT
BT
BT
-
/ - /.

Grading Curves

.

) .(-
.
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F5& C
*& NO
F *1
v
F5
:w& +
& F *1
F5
:w& +
&& x
:w& +
&@$& x
--
--
-
100
90
80
60
50
40
30
70
20
10
0
40
20
10
2.5
1.25
0.6
0.3
0.15
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Fineness Modulus

) -,-, -,-,-,- -,
,-,( . ) ,
(, ,-, -, ,
. %
.%
) (, , ) .(
:
.-
/ - /.

Surface Area of Aggregate

:
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.
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S+L
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AS - Am
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Then:
S
L
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Am
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As
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AL
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: .
: .
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Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
%

:
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- .
- .
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100
90
80
60
50
40
2
1
30
70
20
10
0
38
19
4.75
9.5
2.4
0.6
1.2
0.3
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100
80
70
60
C
4
50
90
40
2
30
20
10
0
19
9.5
4.75
2.4
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.15
0.075
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/ - /.

100
90
80
3
2
1
60
50
B
A
40
30
20
70
10
0
9.5
4.75
2.4
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.15
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S
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S
S
S
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S
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate
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Impurities and Salt |/ n,G

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% .
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Soundness of Aggregate
kWX H. 2-5-4

.
.
. . .
.
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Alkali - Aggregate Reaction
1 P1 FJ 3-5-4

.

.
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Alkali - Silica Reaction 61+ P1 FJ -B

)(Na2O

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/ - /.

5%*& IEI*2 - E5;6 ) <3 , I5$5E ) 3< (Na2O (;Y(Y

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Alkali - Carbonate Reaction H( 6 P1 FJ -
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.
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.
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Strength of Aggregate
1-6-4

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)G) C $% % >C1^ ,C 6> :l aPb >;> (-
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4000
2000
3000
1000
0
40
30
20
10
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Toughness of Aggregates
( 2-6-4
.

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% .
% .
Hardness of Aggregates
@%/2 3-6-4

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/ - /.

Durability of Aggregates 'A

F } 4-6-4
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H$Q 8-4

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Aggregate Sampling H 9QB m 1-8-4

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1 FQ& F1= $Q 2-8-4
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)(
W1
W1
W2
W1 + W2
W3
W1+W2+W3
W4

W1
W x100
W1 + W2
x 100
W
W1 + W2 +W3
x100
W
W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 x100 W1+W2+W3+W4 -
W
W = W1+W2+W3+W4
)?P $% sA ; T& (**-

=[ C
&F5
F5& ' $ 1 :w& +

u$1 [y %I

I
u$1
'GQ
<V
(k
/ - /.

)? $% sA ; T& (* -

NO @$& :w& +
=[ C
(k) u$
$
&(k) F5
(k) % J C
$
5-40
5-20
5-10
40
20
14
10
- - -
- -
- -
- ,
- -
)>7 $% sA ; T& (*-

)(
-
1 a/ :w& + ] $Q 3-8-4
Determination of the Percentage of Absorpaion for Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate D6

:T4 B
:
.
$QT ' Zr -B
) ( .5+& @AK -
) ( ) -(. . . . .$QT H#Q -;K
- .
) (

&11
;
v
.x
-
)- (

-
.
- .
/ - /.

-

.
-

. ).(m1
- 5 +
) .(m2
M, -%
) ( :
= (m1-m2) / m2 * 100
:
: m1
: m2
[ B %X -;3
:
&@%
(NO) a/ :w& +
% ,
%,
-
Fine Aggregate DE

:4(.
) ( .
:
.
$QT ' Zr -B
.
:5+& @AK -
. + + + ,.
.:$QT H#Q -;K
-
.
- +
. + .
- ) (

. .
-
:
. . . .

.
/ - /.

-
).(m1
- +

).(m2
:M, -%
) ( :
= 100 * (m1 m2) / m2
:
:m1
: m2
[ B %X -;3

% .
-
1 3e i NO ] $Q 4-8-4
Apparent Specific Gravity of Aggregate

. 3e i NO
) (.
$QT ' Zr -B
-
.
- ) (
.
:5+& @AK -
: .$QT H#Q -;K
.

- ) ( -

).(W1
- -
)( ) (V1
/ - /.

) (W1

) (V2 ).(V
V = V1 V2

- ) ( ) (-
.
- ) (V3

).(V4
- -

).(W2
:M, -%
- =
- =
W1
V
W2
V3 V4
[ %X -;3
) (- .
)$% I JK @:# 34 (*D-

3e i NO %X
(
S
, ,
, ,
, ,
-
1 Hg J1 :w& + * WI NO ] $Q 5-8-4
Determination of Bulk Density (Volumeteric Weight) And

Percentage of Voids for Aggregate
WI NO
* .
Hg J1 :w& +

.
$QT ' Zr -B
. .
5+& @AK -
.
. .$QT H#Q -;K
-

.
- .V1
- .W1
- :
- )5&In :

.
/ - /.

-n > n)5&In :

.
- .
- .W2
- .
M, -%
- :
W2 - W1
V1
:
=
= W1 .
= W2 .
= V1 .
- :
-
*w
*w
= V%
:
= V%
= .
= W = /
=
[ %X ;3
-
D6
1 : F ] $Q 6-8-4
Elongation Index Of Coarse Aggregate
:: F ,
.
:$QT ' Zr -B
.
:5+& @AK -
)(- ) , , ( . .-
$QT H#Q -;K
-
) (-
,.
-
. .
- .
-
.
- ) (M1
%
. ).(M2
/ - /.

-
) ) .(- .
.
- ).(M3
M, -%
) (E1 :
E1 = 100* M3/M2
:
: M2 % .
: M3 .
.
[ B %X -;3
%
) (-
)(

)(
-
)$% >> S G2 (*Y-

)(
* )(
)(
, + ,
, +
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
* ,
! ). y;> (D-
/ - /.

D6
1 L#1J F ] $Q 7-8-4
Flakiness Index of Coarse Aggregate
L#1J F ,
.
$QT ' Zr -B
.
:5+& @AK -
)(- ) (, - - - - - , - - . .:$QT H#Q -;K
-
) .(-
-
. .
-
.
-
. .
- ) (M1
%
. ).(M2
-
-
) ) .(- .
.
- ).(M3
M, -%
) (FI :
FI = 100 * M3/M2
:
:M2 % .
:M3 .
.
[ %X -;3
),1+i #: 34 @GTH (*c-

)(
)(
/ - /.

)$% '(1 >> S G2 ( -

)(
)(
)(
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
, + ,
! )'(1 y;> (M-
-
DE k 1 WI @%:A ] $Q 8-8-4
Determination of the Bulking of Fine Aggregates
:@DE
1 WI @%:A

.
:$QT ' Zr -B
. . .:5+& @AK -
:$QT H#Q -;K
- .
- .
- %
.
- .
-
.
- :
.
- .
/ - /.

:M, -%
-
.
-
)( -
40
35
25
20
15
10

5
0
30
25
20
15
10
! )> N OTU @: z ?_` (W-
30
-
NO
%& ]# +( ] $Q 9-8-4
Determination of Clay and other Fine Materials in

Aggregates by Weight
: %& ]# .
$QT ' Zr
.
:5+& @AK -
. . $QT H#Q -;K
-
)(-
- ) ( A
- .
-
.
- .
- .
- ) ( B
/ - /.

: M, -%
) (F% .
A-B
* 100
= F%
[ %X -;3
).(-
).C# ; (2 I +H :# T S( ^G ,1+ #: 34v ( -
&(k)
1 ~ P$T C
$QT NO FhB
, ,
, ,
, ,
< ,
)$% 2 :# T w ^# T& ( *-

(
S
% NO %& ]# + *h I
-
kWI DE
%& ]# +( ] $Q 10-8-4
Determination of Clay and other Fine Materials in

Fine Aggregates by Volume
$QT ' Zr -B
.
.
5+& @AK -
.
$QT H#Q -;K
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.
M, -%

.
[ %X -;3
%
.%
.
/ - /.

D6
1 kG F $Q 11-8-4
Determination of Crushing Value of Coarse Aggregate
; kG; F ,
) (.
$QT ' Zr -B

.
.
5+& @AK -
.
. )-.(
, . . - .
- .
. - .
- .
:@~5& $QT -;K
:
- .
-

-

.
- -
.
- .
$QT H#Q -%
- .
-

.
-
.
-
) (M1
,
) (M2 ) (M3 ) (M2 )(M3
) (M1
.
- .
M, -;3
- ) (ACV :
ACV = (M3 x 100) / M1
:
= ACV .
= M3 ,.
= M1 .
/ - /.

- %
%
.
[ %X -

5<T
(%) kG F
! ).o O:; G G()H (Y-
-
1B C O P~1 D6

] $Q 12-8-4
Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Coarse Aggregates in Los

Angeles Machine
P~ F .
$QT ' Zr -B

.
:5+& @AK -
)(- ,. .
- .
- .
:@~5& H -;K
) (- - .
).(- ).(-
$QT H#Q -%
- ) (W1
).(-
- ).(-
/ - /.

- -

.
-
,.
-
- ).(W2
M, -;3
).(Ab
x 100
W1 W2
W1
= Ab
[ B %X -
% % .
-
)C# 2 ,1+i #: q{ ( -

(
K) u$ S $QT NO
&' $
*1 OWU
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
)hX % T: Z ( -

(d+ W1 m u$ S
H 6 %
/ - /.

! )hX o|v y #%> (c-
-
(
( $Q) D6
1
F ] $Q 13-8-4
Determinaion of Aggregate Impact Value
(
HX .
; F , .
$QT ' Zr -B

.
5+& @AK -
).(- , . . . . . .@~5& H -;K

. ).(-
/ - /.

+4 - '%Q < 3*( (<-

.

.
+ .
.
.
.
.
+4 - '%Q < 3*( @(

.

.
.$QT H#Q -%
-
-
.

.
- .
"."M1
-
- ,
. " "M2 " " M3
" "M2 + M3 " "M1
.
-
-
%
.
-
.
" ." M1
,.
M, -;3

[* [v X
:
x 100
M2
= AIV
M1
:
= AIV
= M1 )(
= M2 , )(.

[* m I
m :
x 100
M2
M1
= M1 )(
= M2 , )(
=m
/ - /.

:
15 m
= AIV
n .
[ %X -
% .
% .
).$ >: Z ,1+i $% # 34 mH hT!}) T ( D-
(k)
C
(kW) 16 $QT NO FhB
-
) ,(
)(

! )$% $ ,1+ #%> (**-
/ - /.

VE{ *1 DE

*[ :{ n,G D. ] 14-8-4
Determination of the Effect of Organic Impurities on The strength of

Mortar
$QT ' Zr -B
.
.

.
5+& @AK -
. )( . .:@~5& H -;K
. % .
.
.
% .
.
:$QT H#Q -%
-

. .
-
-
-
% .
,
.

.

) ( .

.
- :
-
.
.
. .
.
, .

.

.%

.
-
.
.
- .
/ - /.

M, -;3
. . .
- .
-
1 :{ n,G ] $Q 15-8-4

Determination of Organic Imurites
$QT ' Zr -B

.
5+& @AK -
.@~5& H -;K
.
$QT H#Q -%
- % % .
- % .
- %

.
- , ,
% .
M, -;3

.
[ %X -
.

.
/ - /.

|/ Pq ] 16-8-4

Determination of Salts Content

.
H:$16 Pq
Chlorides (Cl ) Content
) (Cl- .
) (Cl-
.
$QT ' Zr -B
.
5+& @AK -
- .
- .
- .
@~5& H -;K
)
,( 105.
$QT H#Q -%
- , .
- -
.
-
.%
-
-
) (.
M, -;3
) (Cl-:
V x N x 0.0355 x 100
= C1- %
:
= C1- %
= V )(
= N
= W )(
[ %X -
) (C1- %,
% , .
Sulphates (SO3) Content H:~6 Pq

.
) (SO3
.
$QT ' Zr -B
.
5+& @AK -
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
/ - /.

@~5& H -;K

.
$QT H#Q -%
- .
-
.
- .
- .
.
- 900 .
M, -;3
x 100
W1 x 0.343
W
= SO3%
= SO3%
= W )(
= W1 )(
= , .
[ %X -
) (SO3 % ,
.
*******
-
/ - /.

1-5

.
.
) (Hydration .
) %(- )% (-
) % ( - ) % ( - .
.
.

. /
.
.
% :
% :
% :
% :

.

.

.
.
.
.

/ - /.

2-5

:
:

.
, - ,
. .

.
)
( .

.

!"# 3-5

$%
- .
- .
&

+,
- )( '& $%,4 5-6- # 12 ):(% ./
, ).(T.D.S
, .CL
, .SO3
, .
, .
, .
, .
) (pH ) (
.

.
:
) (

.
) (
% .
.
/ - /.

) (
.
.

.
:

% % :
) ( )
(.
) (
.
) ( .
) (
.
) ( .
.
) ( .
+,'( )*#
) ( .
) ( ) (Bleeding
).(Laitance
) ( .
) ( )(.
) ( .

-. /01
-#

$%
:

.
.
) :
(.

.
.
$%=
789' '( 2
.
*+ ,-, ((/) !" #$%
$%= <5/
/ - /.

B'C+,9 7
5' 7B'C -
5' 7B'C -
5E ()) 7B'C'G 'B(
'C-) +(
. ,-,
/ 0% 123
3 $% +634 ,53 4-5
.

953 ,53 837

)(

.

.

'54 ,5

.

.
;<33 :

.

. .

.

.
'5 =>:

) ( .
.
6#& 5-5
?
. - .
/ - /.

. . . . - .
&
*@ ;< : 8A 6#
6#&! B CD
)/( .

#0 +EFG:
&57
!&6#
- .
- .
- .
- .
- :
x 1000
= S /
= W )(
= W1 )(
= V )(
H% I5 ,J
/.
W1 - W
v
=S

&'65K 8A 6#

6#&! B CD
) (Cl
+EFG:
&57
!&6#
- .
- .
- , )( :
/.
- - ) (.
- ),( .
- :
g/L
x 1000
= Cl ) (Cl-/. = V .
= N .
= V1 )(
H% I5 ,J
) (Cl- ,/.
35.5 x V x N
V1
= Cl-
/ - /.

&#'LK 8A 6#
6#&! B CD
)(SO3

#0 +EFG:
&57
!&6#
- .
- .
- - ) ( :
.
- % .
- .
- .
-
.
- .
- :
g/L
= SO3
)(SO3
W
V
SO3 = 343 x
/.
= W )(
= V )(
H% I5 ,J
) (SO3 , .

&59 K 8A 6#
59 K
6#&! B CD

#0 +EFG:
&57
!&6#
- .
- .
- .
-
, )
, (.
- ,
.
- ,
.
- )
(.
- :
/=
:

) ( /=

= /
H% I5 ,J
/ - /.

&
'54 ,5 'A 6#
6#&! B CD
)/(

#0 +EFG:
&57
- .
!&6#
-
-
.
- .
-
.
- :
/ =
) (

H% I5 ,J
,/.
*********

/ - /.

Admixtures
$( % &'"$$ "!
$- &.!/ %+*) ! & .&'"$ 64 1 " 1
)*> = % &.!/'; 8: 8).9 8*.*7)& ") .8
1-6
; $B -$ "! !G - &D &'"$ C &!:
!/ $-L I $- D: &'"$D &I &'"$!* ;7 &
:>M & ;D
+ % &'"$ >-O & PD &I R . >U $7T.SO >P P;18 .&'"$ %+P W :.&'"$ % + ')* .11+ R !P& !$/1 .&'"$ ;*+ &: &'"$7 :!P&. +;7 % &'"$!* P >M& $1. -;*+ 4) $B &'"$7 : ! &R;7 &'"$7 &'"$7 )L .&L7
! -
! "# $%&'() $*

2-6
(UR - _ ^$CT $C : &'"$ R].
- "( ); . % &U" cRb .a/
: (UR - & ; R;/ "" % 8;/R
&'"$! &+ &P " &'"$ 8I &'"$ 8 ;'&.
(UR -T % &!.f &: % ;"D7 &D .&1R$U
- " '; %: % $M ') g &Db &'"$ ;I
; & 1 !87T % ;.!8P
$R - : "; c"! !; &h &:!P& R$1/ aR
& j :"! ;1'f (UR S4 . ;; $ & %: &.
!& l c'; !)& %"! .
bR - ; R T1 $ >7> &!/+ &: o-;1D 8: "n
U WR ' * &f8q S4 ; & !;
;! 8P D)L &"P *& .! %Rb (UR % 8!+ &PR$D
& ;h$ % &q g!O$+.
,* $-. /&01 234 3-6

I;R % R &.!/ c &'"$ 8!P %/!R
!:;!U :&r
- ) ! n/+ &1") SO';(.
- ;8 !;1+.
- ! )' c ! .&'"$
- !P& $I "! )> !
- ; %R.&'"$
- $7 ;.&:
/ - /.

9. : 2;<= )5678

! 1-3-6
Water
Reducing and Set Controlling Admixtures (ASTM C494)
_______________________________________________________
"'& $ U :;q '; " $M n v4

.>U $7T &'"$ *( n/+( j )I> ) P w
ASTM C494 &/R$) L !;b!& '; )& 1" & :;!U! v4 nP
:R ! G A % $+
ASTM C494 - Type A
&'"$ 7 ) -
ASTM C494 - Type B
SO $7T -
ASTM C494 - Type C
SO> U -
ASTM C494 - Type D
SO $7T ) -
ASTM C494 - Type E
SO> U ) -
ASTM C494 - Type F
&: &I"'& $ 7 ) -
ASTM C494 - Type G
SO $7T& : &I"'& $ 7 ) -
$M $CT $*+ R % &:;!U! v48 &P & 1 '; x $' !
:&r& .$ fM $CT %
ASTM Type A, F (&P.) ) )!' !' -
ASTM Type B
(fI^! )SO $7T -
ASTM Type C
(fU! )SO> U -
.A , B %:; % yRb %: 1: D ;f
M U
.A , C %:; % yRb %: 1: E ;
.F , B %:; % yRb %: 1: G ;U' %+
&:;!U! v4 % &.$'; z bI; $q 6R !
! -
_G) : ! )!' !' )Plasticizers and Superplasticizers (&P.

______________________________________________________
ASTM
C494 Type
A&F
___________
______
; I!' )b"f1( !' )) &P.; b"f $( ;L ;!: "&.

G &D$ &1 &'"$ % % % % "! $M
n'; " .:;q I ' % % &1!' )D &P.
>G .y.; I!' ; +"! UR: &R 8 - R$;'- "f1
" ! - / .W)$ % ; F , A %:; ) &I
; &1 ) A!'( $ % 1C : % ; &D .&'"$
; &1 ) F!' )x (&P. ! 8G) &I % %: Rb *>
; g)' : % &D.&'"$
8)9
;7 %+ &'"$D &IRb S >-O & PR ;& 1C c') &1/( ! .(-) >/q
;*+ &'"$7 :& .S ;7 %+ &'"$!* ) &1' ) S/( 1C c &D &I >-O & P ;*+ &: &'"$7 :!P& ).(- >/q
;*+ &'"$7 : P& $/1 .(- >/q) &: ;*+ &: &'"$7 : & ).&R -;*+ &'"$7 : ')* 11 '.]G
/ - /.

& !'1h
&:; &.! 1$ 47T &R$!; ;%:1: (F) &P.)( !' A) !'
:8! %
A "#$ %&''( )* Ligno-Sulfonate

Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
Carbohydrates
';)"; U S ;$/8 ! ;$ -
F "#$ %&''( )* ;");' U ;%f ;%M)' ; ;';)" %M)' aM/ y' -
Modified Ligno-Sulfonate
Melamine Formaldehyde
Naphthaline Formaldehyde
Phenol Formaldehyde
Beta-naphthaline Sulfonate
U . ;c'* % ';C y ! ;");'(U) ; : *;+ %/!R

% &)/ > $1 ; R$1/ %f! %M) b &'/ q
n ;R$1; I;! $/ & !& %f! %M)
&I n/+& R;h $) 8-O &'"$ ) R ! SO &D1 ;/ _+
oh !" l (" ; Control of Slump Loss ;18 P &
&'"$ ; : &P.) !' $CT q U .(Type D or G) +
!v4> P &'"$ j& + % &P % _ !$!R_
&P.) !' : &R;+!"'& $; 18 P = $+& I) x
.$+& I Rx bR
&P.) !' !' 7 g"
:&r g" : '; !7; /R 6-1 R

>-O & P P -
) -
"! !c o ;-
SO % : $CT -
.a/ %!M -
&'"$ &U & P! -
! -

) (
' +
' +
D7
'

) (
' +
).

(-
" !
1000
0.5
900
' )/(
0.4
700
600
0.3
500
400
0.2
/y
;+ "! =
18; = n
0.1
300
200
" ! -/
800
100
0
0.5

).!"#$ %& '

( )*+
, , -, . /0
1234 ( -
/ - /.

>! a!'
)& >!:!' !' ) > &P. 47TR &'"$ % $M*;

:&r
11 O - "! ! &/fh ! v!.8 &";1+
- $$8/" % /RbU.
-!> : n+O &P1D11 % &P$ "! .
&!: >IT - & 11+ &+D "! $ c ! % Rb! > v"! .
>P - O.v! +D
$- - & 1$U &1 )f: &.
.bI "! ;1'f ! 8! b c : >/ RO! 4
!> ; *& )f: >M j:; &7)f: _$/" % &/ +O
!G f:) S4 &!: & ! ; .&: &!:;P >/ % &/1q >/O
RbU ! ; ;] --) >/O( = ;P v4 % &1' bU+ &/1O! =
;/R 4 ! ;D &!: & $; S4 &-O! & ;D .&'"$($R
: S R b &I &R$ "! . !' !' )&P.
; !> 11 >* : "! ! 8G %: &/ nC %;*+ ; :cR
v! g'U* % M! v11 "! ! ; ;] --) >/O(.
17 !:
%/!R;;L >!: &1h!' !' ) = % &P.P )*> 11
"! ! 8G %: &/$Ix S 47^ = &D ("$ & $U!& % j C
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References
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1.977-17-4179-9 :ISBN A
@ - @ "
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+%"% (-
1C6 >1 Q"
./ C

14- Ken W. Day Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specifications 1995,
Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 350 pp.
15- Portland Cement Association Principles of Quality Concrete 1975, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., USA, 312 pp.
16- M.R. Rixom and N.P. Mailvaganam Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Second
Edition 1986, Published by E. & F.N. Spon Ltd., USA, 306 pp.
17- ASTM 169 A Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete -Making
Materials1966, American Society For Testing And Materials, USA, 571 pp.
18- A. M. Neville Properties of concrete Third Edition 1981, The English Language
Book Society and Pitman Publishing, London, 779 pp.
19- A. Megahid Concrete for Engineers 1988, Assiut Press, Assiut University,
Egypt, 440 pp.
20- R. H. Elvery Concrete Practice Volume Two, 1963, C.R. Books Ltd., London,
UK, 331 pp.
21- George Troxell, Harmer Davis, and Joe Kelly Composition and Properties of
Concrete 1968, McGraw Hill, New York, 529 pp.
22- John L. Clarke Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete 1993, Chapman &
Hall, Glsgow, UK, 240 pp.
23- J. Singleton-Green Concrete Engineering Volume 2, 1935, Charles Griffin And
Company, London, 261 pp.
24- M. Imam, L. Vandewalle, and F. Mortelmans "Proportioning and Properties of
Very High Strength Concrete With and Without Steel Fibres" 1993, Proceedings
of the International Conference "Concrete 2000", Dundee, Scotland, pp. 16931705.
25- M. Imam, L. Vandewalle, and F. Mortelmans "Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber High
Strength Concrete Beams" 1994, ACI, SP 149-13, USA, pp 227-241.
26- M. Imam, L. Vandewalle, and F. Mortelmans "Are Current Concrete Strength
Tests Suitable for High Strength Concrete?" 1995, Materials and Structures,
Rilem, No. 28, pp 384-39.
27- M. Imam, L. Vandewalle, F. Mortelmans, and D. Van Gemert "Shear Domain of
Fibre Reinforced High Strength Concrete Beams" 1997, Journal of Engineering
Structures, Vol. 19, No. 9, pp 738-747.
28- M. Imam "How to Improve the Tensile Capability of High Strength Concrete?"
1996, International conference "Concrete in the Service of Mankind", Scotland,
UK, pp323-330.
/ - /.

29- M. Imam It is a Time to Utilize High Strength Concrete in Egypt 1996, Third
International Conference for Building & Construction, Inter-Build 96, Cairo,
pp973-982.
30- M. Amin High Strength Concrete in Egypt .. How and Why? Master Thesis Structural Engineering Dept., Mansoura University, Sept. 1999, 156 pp.
31- M. Imam Mixing Water or Reinforcing Bars? 1997, 7th Arab Structural
Engineering Conference, Kuwait, pp 191-199.
32- M. Imam, A. Abdel-Reheem, and M. Amin High Performance Concrete With
Local Materials in Egypt 1998, Structural Engineering World Congress SEWC,
San Francisco, USA, T209-6
33- M. Imam, A. Abdel-Reheem, and M. Amin Utilization of Silica Fume in Egypt
1997, 7th Arab Structural Engineering Conference, Kuwait, pp 99-108.
34- M. Imam, M. Amin, and A. Abdel-Reheem Benefits of Superplasticizers 1997,
7th Arab Structural Engineering Conference, Kuwait, pp 109-118..
35- M. Imam, A. Abdel-Reheem, Y. Abou-Mosallam, and A. Shihata, Acoustic and
Thermal Insulation of Lightweight Concrete Eighth Arab Structural
Engineering Conference, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, 2000, pp 15591569.
36- M. Imam Self-Compacting Concrete; How to Produce it? Mansoura
Engineering Journal (MEJ), Vol. 26, No. 3, September 2001, pp C19-C34.
37- M. Imam, A. Abdel-Reheem, and A. Elmenshawi One Day Instead of 28 Days
for Achieving Concrete Strength International Conference on Performance of
Construction Materials in the New Millennium, Organized by the University of
Calgary, Canada, and the University of Ain Shams, February 2003, Cairo, Egypt,
Vol. 1, pp 319-328.
38- M. Imam, "Evaluation of Antiwashout Admixtures for Use in Underwater
Concrete" Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering,
Cairo University, Vol. 51, No. 1, Feb. 2004, pp. 67-83.
39 M. Amin Properties and Durability of Self-compacting Concrete PhD Thesis Structural Engineering Dept., Mansoura University, Feb. 2006, 359 pp.
40 M., Attia "Improving the Efficiency of Cement in Concrete Mix by Mechanical
Means" Master Thesis - Structural Engineering Dept., Mansoura University,
Feb. 2006, 181 pp.
41 M., Imam, "Properties of Underwater Concrete Containing Antiwashout
Admixtures" The 5th International Engineering Conference (5th IEC), Faculty
of Engineering, Mansoura University, Sharm El-Sheikh, March 27-31, 2006.
**********

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