‘THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (2005) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) Table Post a sslabial | EY oental [alveolar rewroftes]valatal | velar ] uvular [pharyngeal] PE, | clottal Nasal mm n nil 7 Plorive pblo.: td tdiecs ratve | >B[ fv [0d[sz[fslsaled ‘Approsimant v a ali Trl B r Tap, Flap v £ L Tateal Fiche th pprosimant 1 [| « Lateral lap I Where symbols appear paste ne to the right represents madly vole consonant, excep for murmured Shove areas denote rications judged be impossible. fh oxen CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) CONSONANTS (CO-ARTICULATED) Anterior click releases, [Voiced Jjectves ‘M.Voiceles labiaized velar approximant Aoqure posterior stops) |_implosives_|_S** ri © biabislikatcd 6 bilabial |? Emma |W) Vovcedlabialized vlar approximant 1 Samael, | ef Stator | dai U_ Voiced labialized palatal approximant 1 Apealtpesiit | ¢ pase |p? Dengler | © oles pated posses lesa pla athe vane pose ear , tlar | 2. vole paltaliedpostalveoa (leco-palata) frative f taminalpostaleniar |G velar | K velar i ‘qty | palata we |r Aheoke A simultaneous xand (disputed) cated (Ttera”) S' festive] Kp ts aficates and double articulations may be joined by aie bar VOWELS SUPRASEGMENTALS TONE, Front Nearfront Central Near back Back " primary stress" Extra stress Level tones Contour-tone examples: lowe i xy — qa LULU Secondarystress [foumo'tyfon] 8 T top & A ising wear cv ey +o @ tong e tniclong — GT igh V ralling Che asho—v}o —e shot & tatrashort Smid 1 Highrisng id 2 + Silable break _ inking 8d tow BA towsising Open mid © co—3\\e—a 2 intonarton (robes BJ pottom & Yih falling Near open | atinor (oot) break ‘Tone terracing & Low falling open aah y | ssjortintonation) break * upstep B41 peaking Vowekatright &letofbllesareroudet& anrounded, —//Globalrise\, clobal fall oownstep & M_ipping piacerrics Basis maybe placed above asym witha descend, a5. Other symbols may appears darts to represent phonetic detail: (fricative release), b" (breathy voice), i (glottal onset)” (epenthetic schvra), o (diphthongization). ng _[Sullabic nd [Sasser [Eb [ental td tabiaized [9x _ | More rounded QO _[Nonsybic sd | MamaTsaiCew Te | apical Bod) | ralataized | 9 ¢% | Lessrounded th he | (Prelaspirated | nq | Breathy voice [tq | taminal t¥ d¥ | velarized Z| Nasalized d®__| Nasaleleawe ma [creaky voice fut [Advanced [td | Pharyngealiaed] ar | Rhoticiy d__ | taterarelease Strident it [retracted [Fa [WERT leo | thar ELE [tngnotatiat cenvraiced [ith [EStvatizea [e@ @ [fongue oot EB [towered (Pisabiabslapproximant) [@q [Raised (isa voiced alveolar non-sblantficative)