* Matter is anything that takes up space and has

mass.

* Matter has 3 states: Solid, Liquid and Gas.

* Everything around you is made up of matter.
Cookies, carrots, pencils are made up of
matter. You are made of matter.

*
* All matter is made up of atoms.
* Molecules are groups of atoms bonded
together.

* Mass is a measurement of how much matter is in

an object.

* Mass is related to how much something weighs.

Mass and weight are two different things. The unit

for mass is a gram.

* weight is a measurement of how hard gravity is

pulling on that object.

* Your mass is the same wherever you are--on Earth,

on the moon, floating in space--because the
amount of stuff you're made of doesn't change.

* Your weight depends on how much gravity is acting

on you at the moment; you'd weigh less on the

moon than on Earth, and in interstellar space you'd
weigh almost nothing at all.

* Particles in a solid are tightly

packed, usually in a regular
pattern.

* Particles in a solid vibrate

(jiggle) but generally do not

move from place to place.

* Solids can be hard like a rock,

soft like fur, big like an

asteroid, or small like grains of
sand. The key is that solids hold
their shape

*
* Particles in a liquid are close
together with no regular
arrangement

* Particles in a liquid vibrate,

move about, and slide past each

other.

* Liquids fill the shape of any

container they are in.

* Particles in a gas are well separated with no

regular arrangement

* Particles in a gas vibrate and move freely at

high speeds

Some Characteristics of Gases,

Liquids and Solids
gas

liquid

solid

assumes the shape and

volume of its container

assumes the shape of the

container it is in

retains a fixed volume and

shape

particles can move past one

another

particles can move/slide

past one another

rigid - particles locked into

place

compressible
lots of free space between
particles

not easily compressible

little free space between
particles

not easily compressible

little free space between
particles

flows easily
particles can move past one
another

flows easily
particles can move/slide
past one another

does not flow easily

rigid - particles cannot
move/slide past one
another

* Physical properties are things that can be

observed or measured without changing the

composition of matter. Physical properties
are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance,
texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling
point, many others.

*
When a substances changes from one state to
another, it has gone through a change of state.
Changes of state occur when heat energy is
added or taken away from a material.

* We can easily see the changes of state in

water.

* Example an ice cube sitting on a desk will

melt as the warm air in the classroom adds
heat to the ice cube.

* Example -when you take a can of pop out of

the fridge and leave it on the table. The sides

of the can will get wet. This is another change
of state as the water vapour in the air changes
to liquid water on the side of the cold can.

*
* There are 4 common changes of states.
1)Melting
2)Evaporation
3)Condensation
4)Freezing

Change of State

What Happens

Melting

Solid changes to a liquid

Evaporation

Liquid changes to a gas

Condensation

Gas changes to a liquid

Freezing

Liquid changes to a solid

*
* The ice on a pond begins to crack and disappear as the
temperature warms up.

* When a kettle boils, steam comes out of the spout.

* After a candle has been lit, wax begins to drip down
the sides.

* You make popsicles by putting a mould of

the freezer

* Video

juice into

*
* A ________ gently floated down from the sky on a cold

winter evening. It lay on the ground in the _________ state

until spring.

* Then, as the temperature warmed up, the snowflake

_______, changing into the _________ state. It turned into

________ and flowed into a puddle at the bottom of the
yard. Soon, the temperature warmed up even more and the
town became very hot. The drop of water in the puddle
___________ and changed in the _________ state. It was
now _______. Moving into the sky, the water vapour floated
around and eventually cooled, ________, and changed in
the _______ state. It fell back to Earth as a __________.
The water cycle has completed once again and was starting
another loop.

*Bill Nye Video

*
* When we heat or cool things it can cause a physical change.
Some of these changes can be reversed.

* Water for example can be frozen into ice, or

melted into water. We can melt other
substances to get back the substance we
dissolved.

* We can melt other substances such as

chocolate, butter and wax and cool them

back into the solids we started with. This is
called a reversible change

*
* When we heat or cool things it can cause a physical

change. Some of these changes cannot be reversed. If we

start to cook an egg the clear substance turns white, this
process cannot be reversed. If we make some batter with
egg, flour and milk, once the batter is mixed we cannot
separate the eggs, flour and milk again. This is called an
irreversible change. If we mix vinegar and baking soda a
physical change happens that is irreversible.