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Class

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7.3 Cell Transport

Lesson Objectives
Describe passive transport.
Describe active transport.

BUILD Vocabulary
A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the
chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been
done for you.
Term

Definition

How Im Going to Remember

the Meaning

Diffusion

Movement of particles from an

area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration

Diffusion happens when the concentrations of

particles are different.

Facilitated
diffusion

Diffusion of molecules through

a protein channel

Hypertonic

Solution with more solute than

another solution

Hypotonic

Solution with less solute than

another solution

Isotonic

Two solutions that have the

same amount of solute

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through

a selectively permeable
membrane

Facilitate means help. A protein channel

helps diffusion occur in facilitated
diffusion.
Hyper- means more or above. A
hypertonic solution contains more solute
than another solution.
Hypo- means less or below. A
hypotonic solution contains less solute
than another solution.
Iso- means equal or the same. Two
solutions are isotonic if they have the
same amount of solute.
Water is H2O, and osmosis starts with
O. Osmosis is the movement of water
through a membrane.

B. As you work through this lesson, you may find these terms in the activities. When you
need to write a key term or a definition, highlight the term or the definition.
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BUILD Understanding
Compare/Contrast Table Use a compare/contrast table when you want to see the
similarities and differences between two or more objects or processes. Select words or phrases
from the box to complete the table comparing passive and active transport.
diffusion
endocytosis

energy required
energy not required

exocytosis
facilitated diffusion

osmosis
protein pumps

Passive Transport

Active Transport

diffusion
energy not required
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

endocytosis
energy required
exocytosis
protein pumps

Passive Transport

membrane

Diffusion is the movement of particles

Diffusion
of
from an area of high concentration to
Solute
an area of low concentration. Osmosis
Particles
water
is the diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane.
solute
Study the beakers at the right. The particles
arrows between beakers tell you
number of solute particles
what process is occurring.
solute particle movement
1. In the beakers on the right,
draw the result of the described
process. Draw changes in water
levels. Draw changes in the number
of solute particles. Remember to
draw on both sides of the
membrane.
2. Look at the top left beaker. What
would happen if the membrane did
not allow water or solute particles
to pass through it?

should be the same on both

sides of the membrane

Osmosis

number of solute particles does

not change, just level of water

water movement

The solutions would stay the same. Neither water nor solute particles would move
through the membrane.
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Active Transport
Facilitated diffusion takes place when a substance diffuses across the cell membrane through
a protein channel. Active transport takes place when the cell uses energy to carry a substance
across the cell membrane against a concentration difference.
Follow the directions.

1. Label each diagram as either facilitated diffusion or active transport.

active transport

facilitated diffusion

Glucose molecules

Molecule to
be carried

Energy
Molecule
being carried

Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer.

2. Which process can move molecules from a lower concentration solution on one side of
the membrane to a higher concentration solution on the other side?
active transport

facilitated diffusion

3. Which process does not require energy?

active transport

facilitated diffusion

4. What does the word facilitated mean in facilitated diffusion ?

hindered

helped

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103

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7.4 Homeostasis and Cells

Lesson Objectives
Explain how unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis.
Explain how multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis.

Lesson Summary
The Cell as an Organism Sometimes a single cell is an organism. Single-celled

organisms must be able to carry out all the functions necessary for life.
Unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis, relatively constant internal conditions, by
growing, responding to the environment, transforming energy, and reproducing.
Unicellular organisms include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Unicellular organisms play many important roles in their environments.

Multicellular Life Cells of multicellular organisms are interdependent and specialized.

The cells of multicellular organisms become specialized for particular tasks and
communicate with one another to maintain homeostasis.
Specialized cells in multicellular organisms are organized into groups.
A tissue is a group of similar cells that performs a particular function.
An organ is a group of tissues working together to perform an essential task.
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
The cells of multicellular organisms communicate with one another by means of chemical
signals that are passed from one cell to another.
Certain cells form connections, or cellular junctions, to neighboring cells. Some of these
junctions hold cells together firmly.
Other cells allow small molecules carrying chemical signals to pass directly from one cell
to the next.
To respond to a chemical signal, a cell must have a receptor to which the signaling
molecule can bind.

The Cell as an Organism

For Questions 15, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
homeostasis refers to the relatively constant internal physical and chemical
homeostais
1. The term
state of a living cell.
bacteria

algae

bacteria
2. Unicellular prokaryotes, called
, are adapted to living in a remarkable
fungi

number of different places.

protozoans
algae
3. Some unicellular eukaryotes, called
, contain chloroplasts.

4. Yeasts are unicellular

fungi

5. Other unicellular eukaryotes include

, which are eukaryotes.

protozoans

and algae.

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6. How do single-celled organisms maintain homeostasis?

They maintain homeostasis by growing, responding to their environment, transformThey maintain homeostatis by growing, responding to their environment, transforming energy
ing energy, and reproducing.
and reproducing

7. Why
maintaining
homeostasis
important
to single-celled
organisms?
Because
theyisconsit
of only one
cell, loss ofparticularly
hemostais by
a single celled
organisms would
Because
they
consist
of organism
only onethey
cell,do
loss
homeostasis
by athat
single-celled
organism
mean the
immediate
death
of the
notofhave
any other cells
can perform
the activites
of life
for them.

would
mean
the immediate death of the organism. They do not have any other cells

that can
perform
activities
of lifeoffor
them.
a multicellular
organism
hasthe
many
diferent types
cells
with dierent shapes that specialize in
one of the functions that keep the organism alive. a baseball team has dierent players who
specializw in one of the jobs that must be done so the team can function

Multicellular Life

8. How are the cells of a multicellular organism like a baseball team?

A multicellular organism has many different types of cells with different shapes that
specialize in one of the functions that keep the organism alive. A baseball team has
different players who each specialize in one of the jobs that must be done so the team
can function.

9. How does a multicellular organism maintain homeostasis?

A multicellular organism maintains homeostasis by having specialized cells that must
maintain their own homeostasis and cooperate with other cells. This requires the cells
to communicate with one another. Each cell in a multicellular organism contributes to
the overall homeostasis of the organism.

10. Complete the table by describing the functions of the specialized cells.
Examples of Specialized Cells
Type of Cell

Name of Specialized Cell Part

Function of Specialized Cell Part

cells that line the

upper air passages in
humans

cilia

sweep mucus, debris, and bacteria out of lungs

sweet mucus, debris, and bacteria out of lungs

pine pollen grains

enable pollen grains to float in

the slightest breeze

wings

enable pollen grains to oat in the

slightest breeze

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11. The Venn diagram below consists of four concentric circles. Complete the diagram to
show the relationships among four levels of organization of life. Use the terms cells, organ,
organ system, and tissue.

Cells

Tissue

Organ

Organ system

12. Starting with the outermost circle of the diagram, explain how each level is related to the
next level within each circle.
Organ systems are made of one or more organs. Organs are made up of one or more
tissues. Tissues are made up of many cells with similar shapes and functions.
organ systems are mode of one or more organs. organs are made up of one or
are hold
madeadjacent
up on many
with similar
shapesthem
and to
13. What is themore
nametissues.
of the tissues
areas that
cellscells
together
and enable
functions.

communicate?

Cellular junctions

14. On the Venn diagram above, where would you add a circle that represents the organism
level of life? Where would you add a circle that represents another organ of the same
organ system?
A circle that represents the organism level of life should be drawn outside of the
outermost circle for an organ system. A circle that represents another organ of the
same organ system would be drawn within the organ system circle but would be
separate from the series of circles that represent the organs already shown in the
Venn diagram.
a circle that represents the organism level of life should be drawn outisde of
the outmost circle of an organ system. A circle the represents another organ
Workbook A Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
of theLesson
same7.4
organ
system would be drawn within the organ system circle but
would be seperate form the series of circles111
that represent the organs already
shown