RULE BOOK ALTERNATIVE TRANSIENT PROGRAM RB-01A.PDF [oO Table of contents _ 4-214 T GENERAL INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION ABOUT | 1A-4 ATP VERSIONS OF EMTP LA Background of ATP; User Groups; ATP education | 1A-4 1-A-1 | History of royalty-free EMTP Development _ [As 1-A-2 | Learning to Use the ATP; User Groups; Newsletter; | 1A-6/8 E-mail | iB Development centers for ATP 1A-9 CAUE - COMITE ARGENTINO DE USUARIOS DE EMTP - ATP0. Table of Contents No page numbers accompany the chapters and sections listed below because such numbers are methodically generated fron the given information. This is most easily explained by illustration. Section I-D is seen to concern the SUBROUTINE CIMAGE, which would begin on Page number 1D-1. The following page would be numbered 1D-2, etc. This assumes that there is sufficient material to warrant two levels of independence (Chapter I, Section D). Some chapters are 90 short that sections are not warranted, in which case the letter in the middle will be omitted. For example, the references of Chapter xxv begin on page 25-1, followed by page 25-2, ete. In rare cases there may be three levels of categorization. For example, Section IV-D-3 will begin on page 4D3-1, followed by page 4D3~2, etc. I. General Introductory Information about ATP Version of EMIP A. Background of ATP; user groups; ATP education 1. History of royalty-free EMT? Developnent 2. Learning to use ATP; user groups; newsletter: B. Development centers for ATP C. Summary program capability; ways execution begins D. §-cards of SUBROUTINE CIMAGE 5B. Computer-dependent aspects and alternatives: i. Summary of installation-dependent EMTP modules 2. STARTUP disk file for program initialization 3. STARTSPY disk file for program initialization Difgerent computer systems, specific details for all brands Variable dimensioning and Dynamic Dimensioning FORTRAN data format specifications Structure of EMTP input data EMTP data sorting by clase (use of "/" cards) SINCLUDE use for data modularization (including arguments) Separate interactive plotting program: 1. TPPLOT for sophisticated, single-window, plotting 2: WINDOWLT for simpler, multiple-window, plotting E-mail URGHmom IT. Cords that Begin a New Data Case A. Special-zequest cards having key words B. Miscellaneous data cards C. Extensions to miscellaneous data cards IIE. TACS and MODELS to Simulate Control systems Purpose of TACS ‘Summary of TACS capability How to simulate what TACS steady-state initialization rules TACS elements and card formats 1. Transfer functions or S-blocks 2. Limiters 3. Signal sources 4. Supplemental variables and devices 5: TACS output-variable specification 6. TACS user-defined initial conditions F, MODELS : more powerful, flexible, and newer than TACS noomDy IV. Branch Cards to” Model Linear Elements A. Branch card for lumped, series R, L, C B. Branch cards for Pi-circuits Dranch cards for mutually-coupled R-L elements D. Branch cards for distributed-parameter transmission lines i. Constant~parameter model with constant (T] Constant-parameter, double-circuit model with special [7] 1A-2virr xar. xan 3 a Rigorous, frequency-dependent model (Jose Marti) 2nd-order, recursive-convolution model (Semlyen) E Saturable transformer component F, Branch input using "CASCADED PI" feature Branch Cards to Model Single-Phase Nonlinear Elements A. Pseudo-nonlinear resistance R(i) (type-99_ branch) B. Pseudo-nonlinear reactor L(i) (type-98 branch) C1 Staircase time-varying resistance R(t) (type-37_ branch) D. Pseudo-nonlinear hysteretic reactor (i) (type-96 branch) EB. Exponential zn0 Surge arrester R(i) (cype-$2; "S555") F, Piecewise-linear time-vary resistor R(t) (type-91; "3333") G. True-nonlinear resistance R(i) (type-92; "4444") H. True nonlinear inductance L(4) (type-93. branch) Il Circuit breaker or electric arc R(t, i) (cype-$1; TAC") J. User-supplied FORTRAN for compensation (Pype-93; FORTRAN) K. Corona modeling for cascaded line sections ("CORONA MODEL" ) Switch Time, Diode Spark PoeP Elect ri. AL stata B. Type-16 simplified equivalent of hvde converter + Dynami Dynami EMP cards cards Cards ( Including Thyristors and Diodes ) voltage, current-controlled switches or thyristor (TACS-controlled, type—11) gap or triac (TACS~controlled, type-l2) TACS-controlled ordinary switch (type-13) ¢ Network Source Cards (Other than Rotating Machinery) ¢ electric network source functions © Synchronous Machine (3~phase S.M.; type-59) carde Oo © Universal Machine (U.M.; ‘Type-19) Cards load Flow Cards (for “FIX SOURCE" Usage) to Override Initial Conditions of the Electric wetwork to Request Electric Network Output variables : Source Type-1 Definitions (for each time step ) Batch-Mode Plotting of Resulting Simulation Request t Cards for Statistical Tabulations Interactive Execution, Observation, and Control (SPY) A, Initiating EMIP execution that includes SPY Bl Opportunities for SPY dialogue: the keyboard interrupt cl spy 1. 2. 3) a 5. & a 8. 9. 10. a a2. 33. D. Batch-mode execution of SPY command: ‘commands explained according to general function Loading and/or changing EMTP data cards via SPY SPY conmands to halt or reaume program execution SPY conmands to observe EMTP tables: BUS, BRANCH, etc. "PLOT" for vector or character plots during execution Command files: @K, FILES, COMMENT, VERIFY, TYPE EMIP variables: EXAMINE, NAMES, ROLL, LIST, FIND, DEPOSIT Table dumping/restoring: SAVE,” RESTORE, SLEEP, WAKE, WHEN "DICE" for statistical tabulation of Monte Carlo simulations Mathematics within command files: "APPEND" RAMP" @ "SERIES" for continuous linear parameter variations ey Utilities: HEADING, TIME, SIZE, LIMIT, HONK, ECHO, WAIT, 5 & "TACS" : gateway to Concurrent Sequential Processing (CSP) Na Servicing [¥] change: YFORM, NOY, FACTOR, NOF SSP¥ and _SSPYEND E] Use of SPY "PLOT" instead of separate program “TPLOT™ 1A-3XVII. “OMARTI SETUP" Supporting Program XVIII. "NODA SETUP" Supporting Program not yet available XIX. All Fixed-Dimension supporting Programs A. "XFORMER" to derive (RJ, [1] of i-phase transformers B. “OBSERVE PARALLEL MONTE CARLO" for parallel "STATISTICS" C. BCTRAN" to derive [R], [1] of multi-phase transformers D. CHANGE SWITCH" to process former switch cards E. “OLD TO NEW ZNO" to update pre-"M39." ZnO data cards F, DATA BASE MODULE" to modularize for SINCLUDE arguments G. "SATURATION" for magnetic saturation calculations H. "HYSTERESIS" to punch Type-96 branch cards I. "ZNO FITTER" to punch Type-92 ZnO branch cards XXI. “LINE CONSTANTS" Supporting Program XXIT. "SEMLYEN SETUP" Supporting Program XXIII. "CABLE CONSTANTS" Supporting Program XXIV. "NETWORK EQUIVALENT" for Supporting Program “NETEQV" XXV. Associated Reference Material ovr - Index of Alphabetically-ordered Reference: I. Introductory Information About Program © Copyright 1987-1995 by the Can/Am EMTP User Group. All rights reserved. No part of either this manual or the associated computer program (AT? version of the EMTP) may be reproduced in any form, using cards, paper, microfilm, magnetic media, or any other means, without written permission from the Canadian/American (Can/Am) EMTP User Group, Further, such materials have restricted circulation, and their informational content shall not be released to third parties. ‘The content of this manual, the associated computer program, and all other ATP EMIP materials, are all made available for use by others without any guarantee of usefulness, accuracy, fidelity, oz completeness. “No author® licensing agent, or authorized distributor will be held responsible for any damages that might possibly result from the use or misuse of ATP EMTP materials for any purpose. The usex is solely responsibility for any damages that might possibly result from the use or misuse of ATP EMIP materials for any purpose. I-A. Background of ATP; User Groups; Education The Electromagnetic Transients Program, or EMTP (pronounced by naming the four letters sequentially), is primarily a simulation program of the electric Power industry. It can predict variables of interest within electric power Retworks as functions of time, typically following some disturbance such aa the switching of a circuit breaker, or a fault. Tt also is used by those who specialize in power electronics. EMI has its roots in Portland, Oregon (USA), at the Bonneville power Administration (BPA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Energy. Thanks to generous contributions of both manpower and money (the latter to support specialists working on EMTP research and development under contract), BPA dominated EMTP development for more than a decade. This was all public-domain work, and it was given freely to any interested party. This was prior to attempted commercialization of the SMTP during the sumer of 1984 (see Section I-A-1 below). 1an4‘The present manual basically is just a complete set of rules for EMTP input and output. Except for the Table of Contents and Introduction at the front (through the end of Section I), and the References and Index at the back (Sections xxv and XXVI, respectively), nothing but rules of program usage will be found, Since most EMTP data have a required order of input, the rules of this book have been written in thie same order of data input. Supporting programs (e.g-, "LINE CONSTANTS") are exceptions, and they have all been forced to the back (Chapters XVII through XXIV) to agree with the order of appearance within the computer source file (UTPF). Details about interactive execution, observation, and control (SPY) also have no fixed order, and they have been placed in Chapter XVI, preceding the supporting programs. I-A-1. History of Royalty-Free Development Following attempted commercialization of the EMP by cestain large organizations of the North American power industry ("EPRI and some friends," as explained later), all EMTP development no longer was given to BPA by persons who had cooperated with BPA in the past. Included was the prodigious after-hours, weekend, and vacation work of Dr. W. Scott Meyer. There evolved a distinct EMIP version known by the acronym ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Although ATP work remains the property of the individuals who produced it, the Can/Am user group is the licensing agent for the use of these EMIP materials by others. For other parts of the world (England, Europe, Taiwan, etc.), such authority has been delegated to others. ATP materials are royalty-free for those who have not participated in "EMTP commerce" (defined by form letter LICENSE.ZIP of the Can/am user group), but they are not public-domair in nature (as is the case with BPA EMTP work). This distinction is necessary in order to protect such materials from commercial exploitation. ‘The Can/Am user group is grateful to BPA for all of its public-domain EMIP development that formed the basis for this newer, improved, offering of the program. The roots of ATP can be traced to early 1984, when it became apparent to BPA EMIP developers that DCG was not working as it was supposed to, and formed a threat to free EMTP. At that point (February or March), 12 years of “EMIP Memoranda" were ended by Dr. Meyer, and every available hour of his free (non-BPA) time was switched from BPA’s EMIP to the creation of a viable alternative that would be denied to those having commercial ambitions (already apparent among several DCG members). ATP, the Alternative Transients Program, was the result during the fall of 1964. This followed Dr. Meyer's return from Europe (the giret European EMIP short course, in Leuven) and purchase of his fizst home computer (the new IBM PC AT) during August of 1984. In September of 1982, a “coordination agreemeat" concerning the EMTP was Gigned by six large power organizations of North America: three U.S. government agencies (BEA, the Western Area Power Administration, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, with the latter two headquartered in Denver, Colorado) and three Canadian organizations (Hydro-Quebec/IREQ, Ontario Hydro, and the Canadian Electrical Association on behalf of the remaining Canadian utilities). Known by the acronym DCG (for EMTP Development Coordination Group), this organization agreed during March of 1983 to keep the EMIP proper (the UTPF) in the public domain. But there followed a loose Association with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, of Palo Alto, California) during the sumer of 1984. During the fall of that year, it was claimed by the DCG Steering Committee that BPA EMTP work would no longer be in the public domain, and would not be given freely to others. But such DCG/EPRI policy was nothing more than wishful thinking by those wanting to commercialize the EMTP. During April 2¢ 1985, a U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request was filed with BPA, and BPA disclosed its then-latest version of the UIPF as required by that U.S. law. Since then, strong statements from BPA indicated that both U.S. government work and money must result only in public-domain EMTP products. This was consistent with the hopes Of European EMIP users, of course. Prior to such stacements by higher management and its representatives at BPA, LEC (the Leuven BMIP Center with headquarters on the campus of K.U. Leuven in Belgium) was formed by Prof. Daniel Van Dommelen during the spring and summer of 1984 as a defensive measure. This was after hearing of proposed DCG/EPRI prices during a personal visit by DCG Chairman Doug Mader. Although LEC later had problems of mismanagenent, everyone involved can be proud of those early years, and the obvious spirit of independence ("hell no, &We won’t pay") that drove the effort. The first annual meeting of LEC was held in Leuven on November 4° of 1985, and Dr. Meyer agreed to bring ATP. About possible cooperation with those who then were trying to sell EMIP, the official minutes of this meeting records the following: - Te was unanimously agreed that the User Group wants to influence the politics of development by making @ distinction between: = the EMTP proper (UIPF), which should remain’ free and intact. ~ Preprocessors, postprocessors and data bases, which could be things to sell. ~ After this discussion, it was agreed that TA should contact DCG in order to request EPRI not to sell the EMT? Proper (UIPF). Should this first attempt prove to be unsuccessful, then DVD could try." Here "TA" stands for Mr. Ture Adielson of ASEA, who at the time was the EMTP representative of ASEA to both DCG and LEC. Finally "DVD" indicates Prof. Van Donmelen, the Chairman of LEC. Prior to the vote authorizing this statement, Dr. Meyer had agreed to turn his ATP work into the public domain provided DCG and EPRI would do likewise. No response from DCG or EPRI was ever received, as far as the Can/Am user group knows. Both K.U. Leuven and LEC operated through 1993 without any formal connection to any power organization of North America. However, LEC did cooperate with BPA on an informal basis for several years (most effectively from 1985 to 1989), and At remained willing to consider the establishment of a formal tie provided non= commercial EMTP activity at K.U. Leuven could thereby be aesisted. ‘This was the stated goal of LEC, which was supposed to be a nonprofit organization. The Chairman did serve without pay, and decisions normally were made (or subsequently reaffirmed) by majority vote of the members. That was through 1990, anyway, But with growth came affluence, and with affluence seemed to come corzuption as discovered by LEC’s own Steering Committee. After failing to account for all money collected from members, and failing to honor voting rights of members in this regard (accurate accounting of money), LEC was closed at the end of 1993, But the European EMTP User Group (EEUG) was reformed in Hannover, Germany, during November of 1994. This followed the leadership of Dr. Mustafa Kizileay, who was working for Lahmeyer International as the meeting was planned, but had been named to be a Professor at the university in Osnabrueck before the meeting was actually held. By German law, all money must be accounted for, and voting rights of members are guaranteed by an associated charter. As this text is being revised during the spring of 1995, operation is beginning slowly (German law is demanding), but with considerable promise. I-A-2. Learning to Use ATP; User Groups by far the best way to learn about EMTP capability and usage is by working beside a competent, experienced veteran. Those power organizations that have been using the EMIP for a broad range of power system simulation, and which have not suffered disrupting changes of personnel, represent the ideal learning environment. If the reader is working for such an organization, he should count his blessings, and disregard most of what follows. In case of questions o: Problems, go see the local experts. Always ask questions. Program users must adopt this habit, since they will be doing it until the day they retire, so broad and complex is transient simulation! For those not so blessed by local experts, the next-best alternative is a strong national or regional EMTP User Group to which new users can turn for help Contact personnel of ATP-licensed organizations that are officially recognized by the Can/Am user group are as follows: Dr. Akihiro Ametani, Professor and Chairman, Japanese EMTP Committee Dr. Naoto Nagaoka, Professor and Secretary Faculty of Electric Engineering Doshisha University Tanabe, Tsuzuki-gun Kyoto 610-03 TRPAN 1a-6Prof. Dr.—Ing Mustafa Kizilcay Fachhochschule Osnabrueck Fachbereich Elektrotechnik Albrechtstr. 30 D=49076 Osnabrueck GERMANY Mr. Marco Polo Pereira Chairman, Latin American EMTP User Group Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A. Rua Real Grandeza 219, C 1608 CEP 22283-900 -- Rio de Janeiro BRAZIL Dr. Brian J. Elliott, Chairman Mr. Stephen Boroczky, Secretary Grid Planning & Development Electricity Transmission Authority FO Box 1000 Sydney South, NSW, 2000 AUSTRALIA Dr. W. Scott Meyer and Dr. Tsu-huei Liu, Co-Chairmen Canadian/american EMTP User Group The Fontaine, Unit 6B 1220 N.E. 17th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97232 U.S. JinBoo Choo, Manager Korean EMIP’ Committee Electric Power Research Department Korea Electric Power Corporation (KBPCO) Research Center 117-15, Yong Jeon Dong, Dong-Gu Dae Jeon. SOUTH KOREA Mr. Chiang-Tsung Huang, Chaizman Mr. Shui-Hsiu Lin, Secretary Republic of China EMT? User Group (Includes Hong Kong and Singapore) System Planning Department Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) 242 Roosevelt Road, Section 3 P.O. Box 171 Taipei 107 REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN) Dr. Warren Levy Information Technology Dept. Electricity Supply Comission (ESKOM) Megawatt Park, Maxwell Drive PB. 0. Box 1094 Johannesburg 2000 SOUTH AFRICA While each group was primarily designed to serve users of its geographical region, anyone in the world can order ATP materials directly from either Osnabrueck or Portland. Also, computer files are being shared on a world-wide basis among ATP-licensed users by E-mail (the Internet). Ses later paragraph. 1A-7EMIP education is being handled separately, and materials related to it are not available through BPA, so do not write to Portland for a copy. EMTP education began in June of 1978 with a one-week EMTP short course at the University of Wisconsin — Madison. This was basically an introductory course, and it has been offered most summers since its inception. Following the switch from BPA’s EMTP to the comercial offering of DCG/EPRI in 1987 or 1988, the Madison offering has ceased to be of much value to ATP users, however, Other universities have offered introductory courses, too, from time to time. For ATP, this began in Leuven, Belgium, during the summer of 1987 ——— the first public exposition of ATP. Then during the summers of 1988 and 1989, Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo, California, USA, offered the first EMTP course that used only PCs (Personal Computers). The spring of 1989 saw the beginning of such now-famous PC-based education offered by Prof. Dennis Carroll at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Prof. Ned Mohan began his popular 2-day, traveling (it follows IEEE PES Summer Meetings) course in 1990 when the PES meeting was near his home campus in Minneapolis. As for more advanced education, Europeans were first, when a high-level course for experienced users was given during the summer of 1984 by Prof. Daniel Van Dommelen at K.U. Leuven in Belgium. While needed, such advanced courses have difficulty attracting adequate numbers of students to be offered regularly. Power electronics can be simulated using the EMTP as documented by a textbook on the subject that first appeared in 1989, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., of New York City (USA), publish "Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design" by Ned Mohan, ‘Tore Undeland, and William Robbins. An associated set of 64 ATP data cases and paper documentation of them (a separate book) can be purchased from Prof. Mohan at the University of Minnesota. Beginning about 1993, ‘this package was bundled with Prof. Mohan’s short course, which now specializes in ATP applied to power electronics of power systems. ‘The EMTP Rule Book contains almost nothing about what is happening in the world of EMTP usage and development. For EMTP-related announcements, reports of interesting studies by program users, corrections to the Rule Book and/or common program versions, and sunmaries of ongoing EMIP research, see the newsletter of the Can/Am user group. This is Can/Am EMTP News, which during 1994 and 1995 has consisted of 20 pages per quarterly issue (January, April, July, and October of each year). Dating to the second half of 1988, WordPerfect 5.1 documents of the content can be obtained by E-mail from several Anonymous FTP sites around the world (more about such E-mail usage later). "EMTP News" was a valuable journal about EMIP that was published by LEC for some 6 or 7 years prior to LEC’S demise in 1993. Early issues of the Can/am newsletter will refer to this, which is an important part of the historical record of ATP usage and development. Unfortunately, no computer storage of most of the published material is believed to exist. It is hoped that the tradition of a journal for full-length articles about ATP use imore than development) can be reSurrected during 1995 by the new EEUG, which would use the more appropriate name "EMTP Journal." A newsletter, this was not (during its prime, each issue of the quarterly “EMTP News" averaged about 100 pages). E-mail (electronic mail) has become critically important to many ATP users. As WordPerfect disk files, the newsletter and other ATP—useful things can be obtained from FYP server’ ftp.ee.mtu.edu (the former plains server, which became a mirror sparky.nodak.edu during April of 1995) using Anonymous FIP transfers of Internet. These two sites are in the north-central USA (Michigan Tech in Houghton and North Dakota State University in Fargo, respectively) - There also is a mirror in Burope, at the University of Hannover in Germany av addzess 130.75.2.2 Details are sumarized in the January, 1995, newsletter. Prof. Bruce Mork of Michigan Tech in Houghton manages this material. He also established a free electronic bulletin board atp-emtpévml .nodak.edu that allows ATP users to exchange messages. See the October, 1991, issue of the newsletter for Prof, Bruce Mork’s 3-page exposition about this pioneering, ATP service he founded.’ That article also can be found in OCT91.D0C within disk file EMAIL.ZIP on the GIVE2 disk of Salford EMTP distribution. The service is free, and had grown to more than 200 addresses by the end of 1994. Prof. Mork explained FTP use in the July, 1992, issue (see JULS2.DOC within BMATL ZIP) - ATP itself can be distributed by FxP, but not without security (a password) - ATP also can be distributed by normal E-mail using the Attach button of MS Mail within MS Windows (this UUENCODEs an archive such as. GrVE1.22P automatically) as described in the January, 1995, newsletter. 1a-8I-B. Development Centers for ATP ‘The Can/Am EMTP User group can be reached most easily by E-mail (electronic mail) since use of it was begun by the user group in the fall of 1993. the current Internet address used by Drs. Meyer and Liu is: atp@agora.rain.com The non-electronic mailing address in The Fontaine was displayed previously. BEA personnel who are precccupied with free EMIP development are Drs. W. Scott Meyer and Tsu-huei Liu, who most easily can be reached by telephone using number (503) 230-4404. Dr. ‘Liu’s telephone ie —4401, but this is less useful because it has no recorder, and a secretary might anewer. If no human answers 4404, after a full four rings a personalized recording in Dr. Meyer's voice will, be heard. If the phone is in use, the recording will be heard immediately. Following Dr. Meyer's brief greeting, a caller will be given an opportunity (after the tone) to leave a recorded message (not over about 8 minutes). A warning is appropriate, however: Speak slowly and distinctly, since the recording system produces distortion of its own as evidenced by the quality of the recording. When the message is complete, a flashing red light will be seen on Dr. Meyer’s telephone. For a telephone call to be returned, be sure the name and telephone number are slowly and clearly enunciated, Finally, the address for conventional mail, E-mail, and also telephone facsimile (FAX) ist Dr. W. Scott Meyer or Dr, Tou-hued Lin E-mail: thliu@bpa.gow BPA, Route TEOS; Floor 4, Post S-14 P. 0, Box 3621 Portiand, Oregon 97208 U.S.A. FAX: (503) 230-3212 Those wanting to use a delivery service will require a street address: 905 N.E. iith Avenue, with different postal code 97232. Be gure to include the floor and post, since BPA’s is one big building of some 2200 workstations. Laurent Dubé, author of MODELS (new control system modeling), also can be reached most easily by E-mail. Use dubecsos.orst.edu (Internet address) - He also has voice telephone with a recorder: (503) 392-4551. for FAK, Mr. Dubé uses 392-4575. Located on the Oregon coast about 2 hours by car from Portland, the mailing address is: DEI Simulation Software 7000 Rowan Road Manor P. 0. Box 848 Neskowin, Oregon 97149 U.S.A.