,

, , RAM ,
, ,
.

() ,
,
BIOS.

,
,
.

backplane.
Backplan ,
.

.

ATX

.
386 .

.
Intel 1995. ATX.
,

.
sleep ,
,
,
.

IBM PC

,


.

,
, ,
, USB , .

RAM
RAM

.

.
DDR3 .
DDR SDRAM

Bus clock
(MHz)

(MHz)

DDR

100-200

100-200

2,6 V

DDR2

200-533

100-266

1,8 V

DDR3

400-1066

8002133

1,5 V

North Bridge


.

Front Side Bus-
(),

South Bridge-o.

.
North Bridge


RAM .

,

.

South Bridge

.
North Bridge-

,
North Bridge-.
North Bridge-,

PCH (Platform Controller
Hub).

.

ATX 24
.
AT

, ATX
.

IDE
Parallel ATA (PATA) je

ATA . ,
.

, Master, a Slave.
SATA .

SATA
Serial ATA (SATA) IDE .

.
ATA
(7 40 ),
, .
SATA 3.0 6Gbit/s

CMOS
BIOS-,

.
.
BIOS-
.

Floppy

Floppy Drive-a .
IDE .
34 .
, .

PCI PCI-E
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) je

ISA EISA .
, ,
, .
Intel , PCI
Express 2004. .
PCI-E, PCI-E x16
,
.

BIOS
Basic Input/Output System.

.
,
.
BIOS
.
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
BIOS .

AGP
The Accelerated Graphics Port

.
Intel
PCI .
2004. PCI AGP
.
PCI
,
PCI .

PS/2 ,

, ,
USB .

USB

, , , ,,
,...
5V.

RJ-45 LAN

.

.
,

, ,
,
.

,

, , .