380 Recycle, Bypass, Purge, & the Industrial Application Material Balances Chap. 12 "12.3 Find the kg R/100 kg fresh feed. 40% KCI t 60 kg HzO 80% H.0 20% KCI 60% KCI . 80% H,0. Evaporator Product 40% HO Fresh feed Recycle R 60% KCI 40% H,0 Figure P12.3. *124 In the process shown in the Figure P12.4 Unit I is a liquid-liquid solvent extractor and Unit Il is the solvent recovery system. For the purposes of designing the size of the pipes for stream C and D, the designer obtained from the given data values of C = 9,630 Ibfr and D = 1,510 Ib/hr. Are these values correct? Be sure to show all details of your calculations or explain if you do not use calculations. A 8 E c > Figure P12.4 Known Data: ‘Composition Flow rate(Ibfor) Butene Butadiene Solvent A 5,000 0.75 0.25 B 1.00 c D 0.05 0.95 E 10,000 0.01 0.99 12.5 The ability to produce proteins through genetic engineering of microbial and mam- malian cells and the need for high purity therapeutic proteins has established a need for efficient large scale protein purification schemes.Chap. 12 Problems 381 The system of Continuous Affinity-Recycle Extraction (CARE) combines the advantages of well accepted separation methods, e.g. affinity chromatography, liquid extraction and membrane filtration, while avoiding the drawbacks inherent in batch and column operations. ‘The technical feasibility of the CARE system was studied using 2B: galactosidase affinity purification as a test system, Figure P12.5 shows the process, What is the recy- cle flow rate in mL/nr in each stream? Assume that the concentrations of U are equiva- lent to the concentrations of the 8-galactosidase in solution, and that steady state exists, Feed { 600 mun Desorbing | 60 mUn 1.37 Ui, Butter | 0 U/mL 19.3 UimL. Recycle 52UImL ABSORBING STAGE DESORBING ‘STAGE 600 mUn 0.08 U/mL. Figure P12.5 60 muh Weste 12.9 Ui Product "12.6 Cereal is being dried in a vertical drier by air flowing countercurrent to the cereal. To prevent breakage of the cereal flakes, exit air from the drier is recycled. For each 1000 ke/nr of wet cereal fed to the drier, calculate the input of moist fresh air in kg/hr and the recycle rate in kg/hr. Data on stream compositions (note some are mass and others mol fractions): Fresh air _Wetcereal__Exitair__Dried cereai__Alr entoring drier H,0 ~ 0.0132 0200 (0.283 (050 066 Wal cereal Extalr H,0 Air Recycle Dry corsa << ———_1________ Frash ar Figure P12.6382 Recycle, Bypass, Purge, & the Industrial Application Material Balances Chap. 12 °*12.7 Examine Figure P12.7. What is the quantity of the recycle stream in kg/hr? In stream C the composition is 4% water and 96% KNO, 10,000 v4/tr 20% Feed KNOy Solution Racycle 100° F 0.6 ka \ ig 0) Crystatizer setae Soe ( Figure P12.7 / “¥28 Sea water is to be desalinized by reverse osmosis using the scheme indicated in Fig- ure P12.8. Use the data given in the figure to determine: (a) The rate of waste brine removal (B) (b) The rate of desalinized water (called potable water) production (D) (c) The fraction of the brine leaving the reverse osmosis cell (which acts in essence as a separator) that is recycled. Brine Recycle Jooo 12 Seeweter,} 40% | Reverse Brine Waste (8) Wy 3.1% Salt Salt Cell 5.25% Solt Desalinised Woter 500 ppm Salt Figure P12.8 "12.9 A plating plant has a waste stream containing zinc and nickel in quantities in excess of that allowed to be discharged into the sewer. The proposed process to be used as a first step in reducing the concentration of Zn and Ni is shown in Figure P12.9. Each stream contains water. The concentrations of several of the streams are listed in the table. What is the flow (in L/hr) of the recycle stream Ry, if the feed is 1 L/hr?Chap. 12 "12.10 Problems 383 ~ Concentration (g/L) Stream Zn Ni F 100 10.0 Py 190.1 17.02 P, 3.50 2.19 Rap 435 236 Ww 0 0 D 0.10 1.00 Ray W(H,0 100%) Figure P12.9 Ultrafiltration is a method for cleaning up input and output streams from a number of industrial processes. The (ure of the technology is its simplicity, merely putting a membrane across a stream to sieve out physically undesirable oil, dirt, metal parti- cles, polymers, and the like. The trick, of course, is coming up with the right mem- brane. The screening material has to meet a formidable set of conditions, It has to be very thin (ess than I micron), highly porous, yet strong enough to hold up month after month under severe stresses of liquid flow, pH, particle abrasion, temperature, and other plant operating characteristics. A. commercial system consists of standard modules made up of bundles of porous carbon tubes coated on the inside with a series of proprietary inorganic compositions. A standard module is 6 inches in diameter and contains 151 tubes each 4 feet long with a total working area of 37.5 sq. ft and daily production of 2,000 to 5,000 gallons of fil- trate. Optimum tube diameter is about 0.25 inch. A system probably will last at least two to three years before the tubes need replacing from too much residue buildup over the membrane. A periodic automatic chemical cleanout of the tube bundles is part of the system's normal operation. On passing through the filter, the exit stream concentra- tion of oi plus dirt is increased by a factor of 20 over the entering stream.384 Recycle, Bypass, Purge, & the Industrial Application Material Balances Chap. 12 Calculate the recycle rate in gallons per day (g.p.d.) for the set up shown in Fig- ure P12.10, and calculate the concentration of oil plus dirt in the stream that enters the filtration module. The circled values in Figure P12.10 are the known concentra- tion of oil plus dirt. Uitrafitration cleans water Oii-dint concentrate discharge for re-use li, dit, and water od. ——, Figure P12.10 12.11 To save energy, stack gas from a furnace is used to dry rice. The flow sheet and known data are shown in Figure P12.11. What is the amount of recycle gas (in Ib mol) per 100 Ib of P if the concentration of water in the gas stream entering the dryer is 5.20%? Stack gas Recycle R W__ Wot gas (lb mol) 9.31% HO Riles feed P (Ib) 75% Rice 95% Rice 25% Water 5% Water Figure P12.11Chap.12 Problems 385- ""12.12 This problem is based on the data of G.F. Payne, “Bioseparations of Traditional Fer- mentation Products” in Chemical Engineering Problems in Biotechnology, ed. M.L. Schuler. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York: 1989. Examine Fig- ure P12.12. Three separation schemes are proposed to separate the desired fermenta- tion products from the rest of the solution. Ten liters/min of a broth containing 100g/L of undesirable product is to be separated so that the concentration in the exit wastestream is reduced to (not more than) 0.1 g/L. Which of the three flowsheets re- quires the least fresh pure organic solvent? Ignore any possible density changes in the solutions. Use equal values of the organic soivent in (b), ie., Fj + F3 + F3 = F* The relation betwee the concentration of the undesirable material in the aqueous phase and that in the organic phase in 10 to 1 that is, cA/cO = 10 in the outlet streams of each unit. F° Organic solvent 100% F_= 10L/min 1 cheotgt fF (a) F Organic F2 Organic FE Organic 100% 100% 100% 1 il) oI uw of a g (b) F,= 10Umin 0B = 10091. (c) ‘Figure P12.12ae ’ 386 Recycle, Bypass, Putge, & the.Industrial Application Material Balances Chap. 12 “1213 Benzene, toluené’and athér aromatic compounds can be recovered by solvent extrac- “12.14 tion with’silfurdioxide.’As ani example, a catalytic reformate stream containing 70% by weight benzene and 30% non-benzene material is passed through the counter- current extraétivé recovery scheme shown in the diagram in Figure P12.13, One thoijsand kg 6f the reformate stream and 3000 kg of sulfur dioxide arc fed to the sys- tem per hour. The benzene product steam contains 0.15.kg of sulfur dioxide per kg of benzene. The waste steam contains all the initially charged non-benzene material as well ag 0.25 kg of benzene per kg of the non-benzene material. The remaining com- ponent in'the waste steam is the sulfur dioxide. (a) How many kg of benzene are extracted per hour (are in the product stream)? (b) If 800 kg of benzene containing 0.25 kg of the non-benzene material per kg of benzene are flowing per hour at point A and 700 kg of benzene containing 0.07 kg of the non-benzene material per kg of benzene are flowing at point B, how many kg (exclusive of the sulfur dioxide) are flowing at points C and D? . 0.15 kg SO, Product benzene includes ———-——* kg Bz Product stream Waste 0.25 kg Bz kg the non-B2 Sulfur dioxide 1000 kg/hr 3000 kg/hr catalytic reformato 70% Bz Figure P12.13 Examine Figure P12. 14 (data for | hour). a. What is the single pass conversion of Ho in the reactor? b. What is the single pass conversion of CO? c. What is the overall conversion of H? d. What is the overall conversion of CO?