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Running Header: Acid-Base Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Jonathan Bland
Pathophysiology
Prof. Lori McGowan

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Running Header: Acid-Base Balance

Hyperventilation

Leads to
Decreasing PCO

The kidneys excrete

less H and reabsorb
less bicarb

Causing
Respiratory
Alkalosis

Slow shallow

leads to Increased

Kidneys excrete more

Causing

respirations

PCO

H and reabsorb more

Respiratory

bicarb

Acidosis

Shock, diabetic
ketoacidosis,
renal failure,
diarrhea

leads to

Rapid, deep

Causing

Decreased

respiration, kidneys

Metabolic

serum

excrete more acid

Acidosis

bicarbonate ion

and increase
bicarbonate
absorption

Vomiting,

Leads to

Slow, shallow

excessive

Increased serum

respirations, kidneys

antacid intake

bicarbonate ion

excrete less acid

Causing
Metabolic Alkalosis

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Running Header: Acid-Base Balance

Causes

Effects
Compensation

Laboratory

Respiratory
Acidosis
Shallow
respirations
(drugs)

Respiratory
Alkalosis
Hyperventilation
(anxiety, aspirin,
overdose)

Metabolic
Acidosis
Shock, Diabetic
ketoacidosis,
Renal Failure,
Diarrhea
Decreased serum
bicarbonate ion

Metabolic
Alkalosis
Vomiting (early
Stages),
Excessive antacid
intake
Increased serum
bicarbonate ion

Increased PCO2

Decreased PCO2

Kidneys excrete
more H and
reabsorb more
bicarbonate

Kidneys excrete
less H and
reabsorb less
bicarbonate

Rapid, deep
respirations,
kidneys excrete
more acid and
increase
bicarbonate
absorption

Slow, shallow
respirations,
kidneys excrete
less acid and
decreased
bicarbonate
absorption

Elevated PCO2,
Elevated serum
bicarbonate
compensatedserum pH=7.35
to 7.4
DecompensatedSerum pH <7.35

Low PCO2

Low serum
bicarbonate
Low PCO2,
CompensatedSerum pH=7.35
to 7.4

Elevated serum
bicarbonate
Elevated PCO2,
CompensatedSerum pH=7.4 to
7.45

Decompensatedserum pH<7.33

Decompensatedserum pH>7.47

Low serum
bicarbonate
compensatedserum pH=7.4 to
7.45
DecompensatedSerum pH >7.47

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Running Header: Acid-Base Balance

Works Cited
Gould, B. E. (2006). Pathophysiology for the Health Professionals, 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: W.B.
Sauders.