vAIBHAv 1

Object
Demonstration of
induced current in a coil
as bar magnet is moved
inside the coil.

vAIBHAv 2
 Principle
1.Whenever magnetic
S
Bar Magnet
flux linked with coil
N be changed the e.m.f.
is induced in coil.
2.Induced e.m.f. is
G directly proportional
to rate of change of
Clamp
Coil of
about 250
magnetic flux.
turns 3.Direction of induced
Wooden Stand current always
oppose
A bar magnet moved in the cause by
& out of a coil produces
induced current which
in the it is produced.
coil in both the cases.
The galvanometer
shows deflection.
vAIBHAv 3
 Observation
• When a bar magnet is placed near the coil no deflection is
observed in galvanometer.

S
N

• When North pole of magnet is moved

G rapidly towards the
coil, the galvanometer shows deflection. When magnet is
stopped the deflection in galvanometer becomes zero. When
speed of magnet is increased the deflection is increased.

S
N

vAIBHAv G 4
• When North pole of magnet is taken away from the coil
rapidly, the galvanometer shows deflection but in
opposite direction. When magnet is stopped the
deflection in galvanometer becomes zero. When speed
of magnet is increased the deflection is increased.

S
N
G

• When Southpole of magnet faces the coil & the magnet

is moved towards or away from the coil, the
galvanometer again shows deflection but in opposite
direction.

S
N
N
S

G G
• When magnet is kept stationary & coil is moved towards
or away from magnet, then there is a deflection in the
galvanometer.
vAIBHAv 5
 Explanation
When there is no relative motion between the magnet
& the coil, the magnetic lines of force passing
through the coil is definite i.e. the magnetic flux
linked with coil is constant.
When there is relative motion between the magnet &
coil & magnet is moved towards the coil the
magnetic lines passing through coil increases.
When magnet moves away magnetic field lines
passing through coil decreases.
According to Faraday Laws e.m.f. induced when
magnetic flux linked with coil be changed. When
magnetic flux linked with coil increases then
galvanometer shows deflection in one direction
when it decreases it shows deflection in opposite
direction.
vAIBHAv 6
 Conclusion

• Whenever there is change in

Magnetic Flux linked with the
coil current is induced in coil.

• Direction of induced current

always opposes the cause by
which it is produced.

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vAIBHAv 8
 Object
Demonstration of
working of light
dependent resistor
using simple circuit
like automatic car
parking light /
automatic switches.
vAIBHAv 9
 Principle
The light dependent resistor
is a resistor whose resistance
value depends upon the
intensity of light falling on it.
LDR resistance decreases
with increasing light level.

vAIBHAv 10
Circuit Diagram & Component
Used

6V
Components : R 10kΩ 0.06A
-
BC 108 6V
or
1.A 1kΩ
ZTX
300
transistor(n-p-
ORP 12
n)
2.A LED
3.Battery
4.Resistor
10kΩ, 1kΩ
5.Light
Dependent vAIBHAv 11
 Observations
• When light falls on the LDR
the LED will not glow.

• When light doesn’t fall on the

LDR the LED will glow.

vAIBHAv 12
 Explanation
• Construction Of LDR :-
It is made up of high resistance
semiconductor. The light sensitive part of
the LDR is a wavy track of cadmium
sulphide. CdS cells rely on the materials
ability to vary its resistance according to
the amount of light striking the cell.
Cadmium
sulphide
track

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• Working : -
• If the light falling on the devices is of
high enough frequency, Photons
absorbed by the semiconductor give
bound electorns enough energy to
jump into conduction band. The
resulting free electron conduct
electricity,
V =
thereby lowering
resistance.
in
9V R
top

• Suppose the LDR10

kΩ has a resistance of .
5kΩ in bright light & 200kΩ in the
shade LDR
V out

Lowin

the

light
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When the LDR is in the light Vout will be
Vout = Rbottom
Rbottom + Rtop

Vout = 0.5 x 9 = 0.43

V
0.5 + 10

In the shade Vout will be

Vout = 200 x 9 = 8.57

V
200 + 10

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 Conclusion
• This circuit gives a low
voltage when the LDR is in
the light & a high voltage
when the LDR is in the
Shade.

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