Lesson 1 - Identities and Factorization

Andy Sir
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Lesson 1 -- Identities and Factorization
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Nota Bene
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Type 1. Prove (or disprove) an identity
Example 1
Prove whether ( x 3)( x 4) x2 x 12 is an
identity.
Exercise 1
Prove whether ( x 1)2 2( x 1) x2 1 is an
identity.
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Type 2.1 Find coefficients by expansion
Example 2.1
Find the value of the constants A, B and C, if
(3x 5)(2x 1) Ax2 Bx C is an identity.
Exercise 2.1
Find the value of the constants p and q, if
9x2 qy2 ( px 4 y)(3x 4 y) is an identity.
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Type 2.2 Find coefficients by substitution
Example 2.2
If 3x2 ax 7 3( x 2)2 b , where a and b are
constants, find the value of a and b.
Exercise 2.2
If (2x 1)(x a) bx2 cx 4 , where a, b and c
are constants, find the value of a.
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Type 3.1 Factorization by taking common factors
Example 3.1
Factorize 5ab 10ac .
Exercise 3.1
Factorize 6a(y + 3) + 2(y + 3).
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Type 3.2 Factorization by grouping terms
Example 3.2
Factorize ax + bx ay by.
Exercises 3.2
Factorize 28r 6s + 21 8rs.
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Type 3.3 Factorization by identities
a2 b2 (a b)(a b)
a3 b3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2 )
Example 3.3
Factorize 9x2 121y2 .
Exercises 3.3
Factorize 64x3 + 8.
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Type 3.4 Factorization by identity

a2 2ab b2 (a b)2
Example 3.4
Factorize 121a2 + 4b2 44ab.
Exercises 3.4
Factorize 16r2 + 81 72r.
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Type 3.5 Factorization by Cross-Method

FMLA01
Example 3.5
Factorize 4x2 4x 15.
Exercises 3.5
Factorize 6x2 + 19x 20.
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Type 3.6 Factorization by Factor Theorem*
Example 3.6
Which of the following must have (x+2) as a
factor?
I.
x2 4
II. x2 + 4x + 4
III. x(x+1) 2x + 2
Exercises 3.6
Which of the following must have (x+1) as a
factor?
I.
x2 + 1
II. x2 1
III. x4+6x3+11x2+6x
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Type 4.1 Fast Calculation by Identities
Example 4.1
Calculate 999,999,9992 1.
Exercises 4.1
Calculate 689,0002 311,0002.
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Type 4.2 Fast Calculation by Factorization
Example 4.2
Calculate 199919981998 199819991999 .
Exercises 4.2
Calculate
2014123412341234 1234 201420142014 .
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Factorization
Factorize the following. [1 50]
1.
3x + 6y
2.
4x 8
3.
xy 3x2y
4.
5x2 + 10x3
5.
3mp 5np
6.
6prs 9rst
7.
2xyz + 4y2z 5xyz2
8.
12ab2c3 36c2a + 6b2ac
9.
4(x + 1) 5a(x + 1)
10.
6a(y + 3) + 2(y + 3)
11.
5x(1 y) + 7(y 1)
12.
9a(c 1) 4c(1 c)
13.
3a2(2y 3) 2(2y 3)
14.
7y(x + 1)2 2(1 + x)2
15.
9c(2 x)2 12(x 2)2
16.
2x2 + 8ax + 6xa + 12a2
17.
15y2 9y 5y + 3
18.
28r 6s + 21 8rs
19.
-72x2 + 9x 1 + 8x
20.
1 + x + x2 + x3
21.
36x2 30xy 12x + 10y
22.
12x3 32x2 64x + 24x2
23.
2x2 x
1
+ 2x
x2
24.
12
25.
x2 + 2xy + y2
26.
6mx + 4nx 7x + 2x2 21m 14n
27.
a2 2ab + b2
28.
30y2 + 10xy2 + 33xy + 11x2y 20xy 22x2
29.
m2 n2
30.
6m2nr + 12mr2 2nr + 6mr + 3m2n mn2
31.
4x2 + 20x + 25
32.
49a2 b2
33.
9x2 6x + 1
34.
121a2 + 4b2 44ab
35.
16r2 + 81 72r
36.
-9y2 + 256x2
37.
16px + 64x2 + p2
38.
169s2 + 104rs + 16
39.
36a2 204a + 289
40.
4f2 49k2
41.
18m2 + 24m + 8
42.
320x2 240x + 45
43.
64m2 4
44.
8x4 32
45.
2x2
46.
27a2b2 3
2
y2
2 8 3
+
y2 y y
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Andy Sir
More about Factorization

Factorize the following. [1 40]
1.
x3 + y3
2.
a3 b 3
3.
4m3 + 4n3
4.
abx3 aby3
5.
g3 8
6.
27y3 + 1
7.
128r3 + 54s3
8.
81a3 3
9.
2a 16a4
10.
64x3 + 8
11.
x2 + 4x + 3
12.
x2 5x + 6
13.
x2 7xy + 12y2
14.
x2 + 10xy + 16y2
15.
x2 + 12x + 36
16.
x2 + 8x 20
17.
x2 + 2x 24
18.
x2 8x 48
19.
2x2 + 5x + 3
20.
3x2 + 20x + 12
21.
5x2 + x 4
22.
3x2 25x + 28
23.
4x2 4x 15
24.
6x2 + 19x 20
25.
12x2 + 7x 12
26.
6x2 17x + 12
27.
4x2 + 22x + 30
28.
4x2 + 12x 216
29.
6x2 + 51x 351
30.
18x2 + 60x + 42
31.
(x + 9)2 9
32.
49 4(b + 2c)2
33.
x2 8x + 16 2x
34.
(2x + 1)2 + 2(2x + 1)(x + 2) + (x +

2)2
35.
1 (6x 5)2
36.
x2 8x + 16 25y2
37.
a2 x2 b2 2bx
38.
x6 y6
39.
x2 + xy + 1 + 2x + y
40.
a2 a b 2 b
41.
a) Factorize x4 + 4x2 + 4.
b) Hence, factorize x4 + 4.
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Andy Sir
Answers
1.
3(x + 2y)
2.
4(x 2)
3.
xy(1 3x)
4.
5x2(1 + 2x)
5.
p(3m 5n)
6.
3rs(2p 3t)
7.
yz(2x + 4y 5xz)
8.
6ac(2b2c2 6c + b2)
9.
(x + 1)(4 5a)
10.
2(3a + 1)(y + 3)
11.
(1 y)(5x 7)
12.
(c 1)(9a + 4c)
13.
(2y 3)(3a2 2)
14.
(x + 1)2(7y 2)
15.
3(3c 4)(x 2)2
16.
(x + 4a)(2x + 3a)
17.
(3y 1)(5y 3)
18.
(4r + 3)(7 2s)
19.
(1 9x)(8x 1)
20.
(x2 + 1)(x + 1)
21.
2(3x 1)(6x 5y)
22.
4x(3x 8)(x + 2)
23.
1
1
(x + )(2x )
x
x
24.
2
1
( + 3)(4 )
y
y
25.
(x + y)2
26.
(2x 7)(3m + 2n + x)
27.
(a b)2
28.
(11x + 10y)(3y 2x + xy)
29.
(m + n)(m n)
30.
(mn + 2r)(6mr n + 3m)
31.
(2x + 5)2
32.
(7a + b)(7a b)
33.
(3x + 1)2
34.
(11a 2b)2
35.
(4r 9)2
36.
(16x + 3y)(16x 3y)
37.
(p + 8x)2
38.
(13s + 4)2
39.
(6a 17)2
40.
(2f + 7k)(2f 7k)
41.
2(3m + 2)2
42.
5(8x 3)2
43.
4(4m + 1)(4m 1)
44.
8(x2 + 2)(x2 2)
45.
1
1
2(x + )(x )
y
y
46.
3(3ab + 1)(3ab 1)
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Andy Sir
Answers
1.
(x + y)(x2 xy + y2)
2.
(a b)(a2 + ab + b2)
3.
4(m + n)(m2 mn + n2)
4.
ab(x y)(x2 + xy + y2)
5.
(g 2)(g2 + 2g + 4)
6.
(3y + 1)(9y2 3y + 1)
7.
2(4r + 3s)(16r2 12rs + 9s2)
8.
3(3a 1)(9a2 + 3a + 1)
9.
2a(1 2a)(1 + 2a + 4a2)
10.
8(2x + 1)(4x2 2x + 1)
11.
(x + 3)(x + 1)
12.
(x 2)(x 3)
13.
(x 4y)(x 3y)
14.
(x + 2y)(x + 8y)
15.
(x + 6)2
16.
(x + 10)(x 2)
17.
(x + 6)(x 4)
18.
(x + 4)(x 12)
19.
(2x + 3)(x + 1)
20.
(x + 6)(3x + 2)
21.
(5x 4)(x + 1)
22.
(3x 4)(x 7)
23.
(2x + 3)(2x 5)
24.
(x + 4)(6x 5)
25.
(3x + 4)(4x 3)
26.
(2x 3)(3x 4)
27.
2(x + 3)(2x + 5)
28.
4(x + 9)(x 6)
29.
3(2x 9)(x + 13)
30.
6(x + 1)(3x + 7)
31.
(x + 12)(x + 6)
32.
(7 + 2b + 4c)(7 2b 4c)
33.
(x 8)(x 2)
34.
9(x + 1)2
35.
12(3x 2)(1 x)
36.
(x 4 + 5y)(x 4 5y)
37.
(a + b + x)(a b x)
38.
(x + y)(x y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x2 xy +

y2)
39.
(x + 1)(x + 1 + y)
40.
(a + b)(a b 1)
41.
a) (x2 + 2)2
b) (x2 + 2x + 2)(x2 2x + 2)
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Andy Sir
Nota Bene
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Andy Sir

Theta Education www.hktheta.com