Rdg

Unit03: Age of Exchange & Encounter

Ch.11

Voice from the Past: A Question of Courage

In 532, a great riot erupted in Constantinople. It began as a dispute between the Blues and the Greens. It quickly developed
into a full scale revolt and much of the city was burned. The rioters even proclaimed a new emperor. The emperor, Justinian,
hid behind the walls of the palace seemingly unable to decide how to address this crisis. Along with him and other court
officials was his wife, Theodora. She was an actress and raised within the environs of the circus that entertained the
populace. A debate among these individuals, concerning the proper course of action, was recorded by the Byzantine
historian, Procopius.

Now the emperor and his court were deliberating whether it would be better to remain or flee in the ships.
And many opinions were expressed on both sides. And the empress Theodora also spoke as follows: "As
to the belief that a woman should not be daring among men or assert herself boldly, I consider the
present crisis does not allow us to debate that. My opinion is tat now is a poor time for flight, even though
it brings safety. For any man who has seen the light of day will also die, but one who has been an
emperor cannot endure to be a fugitive. If now you wish to go, emperor, nothing prevents you. There is
the sea, there are the steps to the boats. But, take care that after you are safe, that you do not find that
you would gladly exchange that safety for death. For my part, I like the old saying that the empire is a fine
burial cloth."
When the queen had spoken thus, all were filled with boldness and began to consider how to defend
themselves from their enemies.
Made brave by Theodora's comments, Justinian remained in the city, gave orders for his troops to crush the revolt and
restored order.

Ponder:
Why does Theodora violate traditions regarding women asserting themselves [in public matters or
matters normally reserved for men]?
What are the main points raised by Theodora?
How could the statement "...the empire is a fine burial cloth" convince Justinian to stay and defend his
throne?

Krieger, Larry, et. al. World History: Perspectives on the Past. 5th Ed. D.C. Heath Co.: Lexington, MA. 1997. pg. 183.