World Cultures

Unit III: Southeast Asia, Oceania and Australia

Name: Casey Marshall

SOUTHEAST ASIA [Page 705 709]

A Long History of Diversity:
1.
In a paragraph, explain how the early history [prior to 1000 AD] was highly
diversified.
The area of Southeast Asia has many cultural ideas that came from China and India in
early history, but uniquely, was able to keep its own kind of charm as well. In Vietnam in early
111 B.C to A.D 939, China led rule of the region. Their art, political ideas, technology and
ethnic beliefs are what shaped the culture of Vietnam to this day. Also, because of these
areas, Buddhism and Hinduism spread into Southeast Asia as well. However, in this early
history, defined borders were not put into place. What they happened to be were called
mandalas, or states organized as rings of power around central court order.

2.
How was the area of Southeast Asia organized and governed during their early
history?
They were organized through the mandalas, which were states put together by rings of
power around the central court. Some states had to overlap their neighbors at some points,
so therefore, rulers were forced into making alliances for their state to survive.
3.
How did this change from 1300-1800?
In 1300-1800, only five powerful states were present, where Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar,
Java, and the Malay Peninsula sit now. They were larger and more complex than mandalas
were, and they traded between each other to keep order. The Vietnamese, Thai, and
Burmese each began to make themselves known as who they are at this period, and large
cities also began to emerge around this era.
Colonialism and its aftermath
1.
What is colonialism?
The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with
settlers, and exploiting it economically.
2.
What was the only country in the region that wasnt a colony?
Siam was the only country that wasnt a colony.
3.
Identify and explain the three ways colonialism changed Southeast Asia.
Because of colonialism, rulers began to set up well put together and functioning
governments with set routines and regulations for the people. Also, Europes economy
was made better when the people were forced to produce items such as sugar, rubber,
rice and tea. Last, unmeaning to, it triggered nationalism.
4.
Skillbuilder: Interpreting Maps [p. 706] -- Answer #1 and #2
1. Siam is north of the colony Malaya on the map.
2. Malaya could access both oceans in its colony.
5.
What changes came to Southeast Asia during WWII?

During world war II, Japan decided to take over Southeast Asia again to really only benefit
their own country.
6.
How was control of the area in Southeast Asia by Japan different than
European control?
It was different because Unlike Europe had, Japan put Southeast Asia in leadership roles,
which taught their nation a lot and gave them a valuable experience.
7.
After WWII, Southeast Asia gained their independence differently. Briefly
explain this statement with examples.
Most of the countries and their leaders fought for their independence, but god it basically
pretty peacefully. For example, Indonesia had to fight for their independence for years to receive
it from the Dutch area.
An Uneven Economy
1.
Southeast Asia has a traditional economy. Explain that statement with
specific examples to back it up.
They are a tradition economy because agriculture is their number one source of
livelihood.
2.
What is ASEAN? How has it helped to create a region within a region?
Its the association of Southeast Asian Nations, which is an alliance that that promotes
economic growth and peace in a region
A Rich Mosaic of Culture
1.
How is this area a mosaic of religions? Identify the different religions and
where they are practiced.
Buddhism is a widespread religion in the area, Catholicism is very popular in the Philippines,
while Indonesia and Brunei are made up mostly of Muslims.
2.
Are there more rural or urban communities in this area?
Most Southeast Asians live in more rural areas and live in a very traditional manner.
3.
Interpret the picture of page 709. What does this scene show about diversity
in Malaysia?
It shows that some people in Malaysia are all different in how they decide to live their lives. Some
people at the bus station are in Western clothing, while others are in traditional muslim outfits.
Theyre all different, but can still live in the area together peacefully.
OCEANIA [P. 711-715]
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Identify these terms and explain their importance in the region:

Micronesia-tiny islands are what these are.
Melanesia-Black islands are Melanesia.
Polynesia-Many islands make up the area as well.
Subsistence activities-Activities in which a family produces only food, clothing, shelter that the
people themselves need.
e. Copra-The dried meat of coconuts.
f. Taro-A plant that contains a starchy root.
2. What type of migration is happening within Oceania today?
Today, foreigners rule the Islands.
3. How did contact with Europeans and Americans affect the societies of the Pacific Islands?

People are moving to cities for jobs of all different types.

4. What is distinctive about Oceania in terms of its languages?
Over around 1,100 languages are spoken around the area of Southeast Asia. Many of them
being in Papua new Guinea, where there are about 823 languages being spoken from area to area.
5. How has modern technology both helped and harmed Oceania?
Its been harming Oceania because many of things that are required for the technology to exist
are things that threaten their natural environment. On the contrary, its helped because it brings
tourists to the region.
AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALIND & ANTARCTICA [P.717-723]
1. What prevents Australia from benefiting completely from its mining industry?
All the land that is being occupied for the mining industry is what makes it not a complete
benefit to Australia.
2. What historic actions demonstrated New Zealanders concern for equal rights and social welfare?
The first country ever to give women rights to vote and give pensions for senior citizens wanting
to retire.
3. What is the major activity conducted in Antarctica?
Scientific research is the most major activity in Antarctica.