RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

2nd Semester 2014-2015

Atty. Amando Virgil D. Ligutan

I.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES
A. Remedial Law
Bustos v. Lucero, G.R. No. L-2068, October 20, 1948
Primicias v. Ocampo, G.R. No. L-6120, June 30, 1953
Neypes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141524, September 14, 2005
Alvero v. de la Rosa, G.R. No. L-286, March 29, 1946
Basic Concepts
Jose v. Javellana, G.R. No. 158239, January 25, 2012
Samahan v. Hon. Magsalin, G.R. No. 172303, June 6, 2011
Panay Railways, Inc. v. Heva Management, G.R. No. 154061, January 25, 2012
Tan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136368, January 16, 2002
Neypes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141524, September 14, 2005
B. Philippine Courts
1.

Judicial Power
Article VIII, Sec. 1, Secs. 1, 5 par. 5, 1987 Constitution

2.

Nature
Phil. Carpet Manufacturing v. Tagyamon, G.R. No. 191475, December 11, 2013
See: U.S. v. Tamparong, 31 Phil. 321 (1915)

3.

Classification
a)Constitutional and Statutory
b) Civil and Criminal
c) Inferior and Superior

4.

Hierarchy of Courts
Rayos v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 196063, December 14, 2011
United Claimants Assoc. v. NEA, G.R. No. 187107, January 31, 2012
Ernesto Dy v. Hon. Palamos, G.R. No. 196200, September 11, 2013

C. Jurisdiction of Different Courts

Key Principles
Home Guaranty Corp. v. R-11 Builders, G.R. No. 192649, March 9, 2011
Davao Light v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111685, August 20, 2001
Nocum v. Lucio Tan, G.R. No. 145022, September 23, 2005
Padlan v. Dinglasan, G.R. No. 180321, March 20, 2013
Gonzales v. Quirico Pe, G.R. No. 167398, August 9, 2011
Bagunu v. Spouses Aggabao, G.R. No. 186487, August 15, 2011
Omictin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 148004, January 22, 2007
Euro-Med Laboratories v. Province of Batangas, G.R. No. 148106, July 17, 2006
Agra, et al v. COA, G.R. No. 167807, December 6, 2011
Spouses Fajardo v. Flores, G.R. No. 167891, January 15, 2010
Aruego v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 112193, March 13, 1996- CHUA
Barrameda v. Rural Bank of Canaman, G.R. No. 176260, November 24, 2010-- CASTILLO
Cabili v. Hon. Balindong, A.M. No. RTJ-10-22252, September 6, 2011
Villamor v. Salas, G.R. No. 101041, November 13, 1991
Heirs of Marasigan v. Marasigan, G.R. No. 156078, March 14, 2008
Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, L-21450, April 15, 1968
Republic v. Bantigue Point Development, G.R. No. 162322, March 14, 2012
De Herrera v. Bernardo, G.R. No. 170251, June 1, 2011
Megan Sugar Corp. v. RTC of Iloilo, G.R. No. 170352, June 1, 2011

Manchester Development v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 75919, May 7, 1987

Nestle Phils. v. FY Sons, G.R. No. 150780, May 5, 2006
Sun Insurance v. Asuncion, G.R. Nos. 79937-38, February 13, 1989
Phil. First Insurance v. Paramount Gen. Insurance, G.R. No. 165147, July 9, 2008
Home Guaranty Corp. v. R-11 Home Guaranty Corp. v. R-11 Builders, G.R. No. 192649, March 9,
2011 (Supra)
Unicapital v. Consing, G.R. Nos. 175277 & 175285, September 11, 2013
1.

Kinds of Jurisdiction
B.P. 129 as amended, R.A. 7691, R.A. 7902
a. General Jurisdiction
Regional Trial Court
Durisol Phil. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 121106, February 20, 2002
b. Special or Limited Jurisdiction
Sandiganbayan
Court of Tax Appeals
Shariah District Court
Also: Regional Trial Court- Family Courts, Probate CourtMetropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court,
Municipal Circuit Court
c. Original Jurisdiction
i. Supreme Court
Sec. 5, par. 1, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Petition for writ of Amparo (A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC)
Petition for writ of Habeas Data (A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC)
Petition for writ of continuing Mandamus
(Sec. 2, Rule 8, Part III of Rules of Procedure in Environmental
Cases, A.M. 09-6-8-SC)
Petition for writ of Kalikasan
(Sec. 12, Rule 7, Part III of Rules of Procedure in Environmental
Cases, A.M. 09-6-8-SC)
ii. Court of Appeals
Sec. 9, B.P. 129
Petition for writ of Amparo (A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC)
Petition for writ of Habeas Data (A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC)
Petition for writ of continuing Mandamus
(Sec. 2, Rule 8, Part III of Rules of Procedure in Environmental
Cases, A.M. 09-6-8-SC)
Petition for writ of Kalikasan
(Sec. 12, Rule 7, Part III of Rules of Procedure in Environmental
Cases, A.M. 09-6-8-SC)
Actions for Annulment of RTC judgment
Petition for freeze order on monetary instrument, etc. relating to
unlawful activity under Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 or
R.A. 9160 as amended by R.A.9194 (Sec. 44 of A.M. No. 05-11-04SC)
iii. Regional Trial Court
Sec. 21, B.P. 129
Petition for writ of Amparo (A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC)
Petition for writ of Habeas Data (A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC)
Petition for writ of continuing Mandamus
(Sec. 2, Rule 8, Part III of Rules of Procedure in Environmental
Cases, A.M. 09-6-8-SC)
iv. Shariah Distric Court

Art. 413, par. 2, P.D. 1083

d. Appellate Jurisdiction
i. Supreme Court
Sec. 5., par. 2, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Rule 45, Sec. 1, 1997 Rules of Court (Rules of Court)
See: Sec. 7, P.D. 1606 as amended by R.A.s 7975, 8249,
Sec. 19, A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC (Writ of Amparo)
Sec. 19, A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC (Writ of Habeas Data)
ii. Court of Appeals
Secs. 9, 34, B.P. 129
Rule 41, Sec. 2, a, Rules of Court
Rule 42, Rules of Court
Rule 43, Rules of Court
iii. Regional Trial Court
Sec. 22, B.P. 129
Rule 40, Rules of Court
iv. Shariah Distric Court
Art. 144 P.D. 1083
e. Exclusive Jurisdiction
f. Exclusive Original Jurisdiction
i. Supreme Court
Petition for Certiorari, Prohibition, Mandamus against judgment,
final order and resolutions of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Court of Appeals
Sandiganbayan
Court of Tax Appeals
COMELEC
Commission on Audit
Ombudsman (criminal cases)

ii. Court of Appeals

Petition for Certiorari, Prohibition, Mandamus against:
a) Regional Trial Court- decisions, final orders, resolution
b) National Labor Relations Commission- decisions, final
orders, resolution
c) Secretary of Labor and Employment in the exercise of its
appellate jurisdiction on decisions, final orders of:
1) POEA Administrator
2) National Wage Productivity Commission
3) Bureau of Labor Relations
Sec. 9 (2), B.P. 129- Actions for Annulment of RTC judgment
iii. Regional Trial Court
Sec. 19, B.P. 129 as amended by R.A. 7691
Sec. 5.2, SecuritiesRegulations Code or R.A. 8799
As Special Agrarian Court in the determination of just compensation
Annulment of MTC Judgment
Civil Cases for Copyright Infringement/Unfair Competition

Family Law cases

Civil Forfeiture of Proceeds of Money Laundering offenses
iv. Shariah District Court
Art. 413, P.D. 1083
Settlement of Estate of Deceased Muslims
Montaner v. Shariah District Court, G.R. No. 174975, January 20,
2009
v. Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial
Court
Sec. 33, B.P. 129 as amended
g. Concurrent/Confluent/Coordinate
i. Supreme Court and Regional Trial Court
Civil actions involving ambassadors, public ministers, consuls
Cases on the constitutionality of treaty, international or executive
agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order,
instruction (Sec. 5, 2, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution)
Vera v. Hon. Arca, G.R. No. L-25721, May 26, 1969
ii. Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, (Sandiganbayan), Regional Trial
Court
Petitions for Certiorari, Prohibition, Mandamus, Quo Warranto,
Habeas Corpus, writs of Amparo, Habeas Data, Kalikasan,
injunctions
Mendoza v. Mayor Villas, G.R. No. 187256, February 23, 2011
CREBA v. DAR Secretary, G.R. 183409, June 18, 2010
Also- Hierarchy of Court doctrine (Supra.)
h. Territorial Jurisdiction
2.

Manner of Acquiring Jurisdiction

a.

Over Subject Matter

Allied Domecq Phil. v. Hon. Villon, G.R. No. 156264, September 30, 2004
Padlan v. Dinglasan, G.R. No. 180321, March 20, 2013
Guy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 165849, December 10, 2007
Barayuga v. Adventist University, G.R. No. 168008, August 17, 2011
City of Dumaguete v. Philippine Ports Authority, G.R. No. 168973, August 24, 2011
Republic v. Bantigue Point Development, G.R. No. 162322, March 14, 2012

b.

Over the Case

People of the Philippines v. Hon. Garfin, G.R. No. 153176, March 29, 2004

c.

Over the Issues

Rule 10, Sec. 5, Rules of Court
Rule 18, Sec. 7, Rules of Court
Lazo v. Republic Surety, G.R. No. L-27365, January 30, 1970
Buce v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136913, May 12, 2000
Mercader v. DBP, G.R. No. 130699, May 12, 2000

d.

Over the Person or Party

Plaintiff

Cesar v. Hon. Ricafort-Bautista, G.R. No. 136415, October 31, 2006

Defendant
1.

by service of summons- Rule 14, Secs. 1-3, Rules of Court

i. personal service- Sec. 6
ii. substituted service- Sec. 7
iii. service by publication- Sec. 14
iv. extra-territorial service- Sec. 15

2.

by voluntary appearance- Rule 14, Sec. 20, Rules of Court

Herrera-Felix v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 143736, August 11, 2004
JAPRIL Dev. Corp. v. Security Bank, G.R. No. 190107, June 6, 2011
Rapid City Realty v. Villa, G.R. No. 184197, February 11, 2010
Allan Co v. Cordero, G.R. No. 164703, May 4, 2010
Lhuillier v. British Airways, G.R. No. 171092, March 15, 2010

3.

by voluntary submission
Rodriguez vs. Alikpala, G.R. No. L-38314, June 25, 1974

e.

Over the Res

Rule 14, Sec. 15, Rules of Court
Midgely v. Hon. Fernando, G.R. No. L-34314, May 13, 1975
Perkins v. Dizon, G.R. No. 46631, November 16, 1939
Macahilig v. Heis of Magalit, G.R. No. 141423, November 15, 2000
See: Joya v. Judge Marquez, G.R. No. 162416, January 31, 2006

II.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
Brief History
Code of Civil Procedure or Act No. 190- August 7, 1901
(Old) Rules of Court- July 1, 1940
Revised Rules of Court- January 1, 1964
(New) Rules of Court- July 1, 1997
Rules 1-71
RULE 1- GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 1. Title of the Rules of Court
Alvero v. de la Rosa, G.R. No. L-286, March 29, 1946 (Supra.)- LUMAKANG
Primicias v. Ocampo, G.R. No. L-6120, June 30, 1953- FERNANDEZ
Sec. 2. In what courts applicable
Sec. 4. In what case not applicable
GSIS v. Villaviza, G.R. No. 180291, July 27, 2010- BADAYOS
Reyes v. Barrios, G.R. No. 172841, December 15, 2010- HIYAS
Sec. 3. Cases governed
A. Kinds of Actions in the Rules of Court
a) Civil Action
b) Criminal Action
c) Special Proceedings
B. Kinds of Civil Actions in the Rules of Court

a) Ordinary Civil Action

b) Special Civil Action
DBM v. Manilas Finest Retirees, G.R. No. 169466, May 9, 2007- DUYUNGCO
Amberti v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 79981, 2 April 1991- SAAVEDRA
C. Kinds of Civil Actions as to Cause
a) Real Actions
Fortune Motors v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 76431, October 16, 1989TORREJOS
See Rule 4, Sec. 1
b) Personal Actions
Chua v. Total Office Products, G.R. No. 152808, September 30, 2005- LIM
Paderanga v. Hon. Buissan, G.R. No. L-49475, September 28, 1993- REALINO
See Rule 4, Sec. 2
D. Kinds of Civil Actions as to Object
a) Action in Personam
Spouses Yu v. Pacleb, G.R. No. 172172, February 24, 2009-BELLEZA
b) Action in Rem
Gomez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127692, March 10, 2004- GUNTINAS
c) Action Quasi in Rem
Spouses Yu v. Pacleb, G.R. No. 172172, February 24, 2009 (Supra.)GARBANZOS
Asiavest Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128803, September 25, 1998MONA
d) Mixed Action
BA Finance v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102998, July 5, 1996- BRAGAT
E. Kinds of Actions as to Place of Filing of Complaint
a) Local Action
b) Transitory Action
Sec. 5. Commencement of action
Board of Liquidators v. Zulueta, G.R. No. L-30738, July 30, 1982- DACUA
See: Sotelo vs. Dizon, 67 Phil. 537; Cabrera vs. Tianco, 8 SCRA 582- PAGAPONG
Manchester Development v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 75919, May 7, 1987 (Supra.)BITANGJOL
Nestle Phils. v. FY Sons, G.R. No. 150780, May 5, 2006 (Supra.) VILLAMANTE
Sun Insurance v. Asuncion, G.R. Nos. 79937-38, February 13, 1989 (Supra.) MARCELO
Phil. First Insurance v. Paramount Gen. Insurance, G.R. No. 165147, July 9, 2008 (Supra.)
PAJARON
Home Guaranty Corp. v. R-11 Home Guaranty Corp. v. R-11 Builders, G.R. No. 192649,
March 9, 2011 (Supra.) DESCALLAR
Unicapital v. Consing, G.R. Nos. 175277 & 175285, September 11, 2013 (Supra.) VALDEZ
Sec. 6. Construction
Anama v. Phil. Savings Bank, G.R. No. 187021, January 25, 2012- DENILA
Tan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 130314, September 22, 1998- CABUENAS
Baylon v. Fact-finding Intelligence, G.R. No. 150870, December 11, 2002- CANETE
Republic v. Kenrick Development, G.R. No. 149567, August 8, 2006- SURALTA
Building Care Corp. v. Macaraeg, G.R. No. 198357, December 10, 2012- GARBANZOS

Uy v. Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009- ESPERAGOZA

Llamas v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 149588, August 16, 2010 BIHAG
RULE 2- CAUSE OF ACTION
Sec. 1. Ordinary civil actions, basis of
Turner v. Lorenzo Shipping, G.R. No. 157479, November 24, 2010 ABADILLA
Sec. 2. Cause of action, defined
Heirs of Ypon v. Ricaforte, G.R. No. 198680, July 8, 2013- COMPACION
Swagman Hotels v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 161135, April 8, 2005- GIME
Joseph v. Bautista, G.R. No. L-41423, February 23, 1989 FERNANDEZ
Sec. 3. One suit for a single cause of action
Phil. Bank of Comm. v. Lim, G.R. No. 158138, April 12, 2005 LUMAKANG
Sec. 4. Splitting a single cause of action; effect of
Chua v. Metrobank, G.R. No. 182311, August 19, 2009 HIYAS
Chu v. Spouses Cunanan, G.R. No. 156185, September 12, 2011 BADAYOS
Pantranco v. Standard Insurance, G.R. No. 140746, March 16, 2005 SAAVEDRA
Umale v. Canoga Park, G.R. No. 167246, July 20, 2011- DUYUNGCO
Spouses Plaza v. Lustiva, G.R. No. 172909, March 5, 2014 TORREJOS
Bayang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-53564, February 27, 1987 LIM
De Larena v. Villanueva, G.R. No. L-29155, November 5, 1928 REALINO
Blossom & Company v. Manila Gas Corp., G.R. No. L-32958, November 8, 1930 BELLEZA
See:Danfoss v. Continental Cement, G.R. No. 143788, September 9, 2005 GUNTINAS
Bank of America v. American Realty, G.R. No. 133876, December 29, 1999 GARBANZOS
Alandale Sportsline v. Good Development Corp, G.R. No. 164521, December 18, 2008
MONA
Enriquez v. Ramos, G.R. No. L-16797, February 27, 1963 BRAGAT
Tarnate v. Garcia, G.R. No. L-26266, December 29, 1972 DACUA
Sec. 5. Joinder of causes of action
See: Sec. 6, Rule 3
Ada v. Baylon, G.R. No. 182435, August 13, 2012 PAGAPONG
Pantranco v. Standard Insurance, G.R. No. 140746, March 16, 2005 (Supra.)
VILLAMANTE
Union Glass Corp. v. SEC, G.R. No. 64013, November 28, 1983 BITANGJOL
Flores v. Hon. Mallare-Philipps, G.R. No. L-66620, September 24, 1986 MARCELO
Genesis Investment v. Heirs of Ebarasabal, G.R. No. 181622, November 20, 2013
PAJARON
Uniwide Holdings v. Cruz, G.R. No. 171456, August 9, 2007 DESCALLAR
Unicapital v. Consing, G.R. Nos. 175277 & 175285, September 11, 2013 VALDEZ
Iniego v. Hon. Purganan, G.R. No. 166876, March 24, 2006 CABUENAS
Sec. 6, Rules of Procedure on Small Claims (A.M. 08-8-7-SC, October 27, 2009) BIHAG
Sec. 6. Misjoinder of causes of action
Ada v. Baylon, G.R. No. 182435, August 13, 2012 (Supra.) ESPARAGOZA

RULE 3- PARTIES TO CIVIL ACTIONS

Sec. 1. Who may be parties; plaintiff and defendant
Art. 44, Civil Code
Arts. 1772 & 1768, Civil Code
Secs. 21 & 122, Corporation Code
Art. 242 (3), Labor Code

-Estate of deceased (See: Limjoco v. Instestate Estate, G.R. No. L-770, April 27, 1948)
FERNANDEZ
-Roman Catholic church (See:Barlin vs. Ramirez, G.R. No. L-2832, Nov. 24, 1906)
VALDEZ
Ventanilla Enterprises v. Hon. Lazaro, G.R. No. L-53856, August 21, 1980- GARBANZOS
Chiang Kai Shek School v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 58028, April 18, 1989- TORREJOS
Sec. 1 (d) & (g), Rule 16
Sec. 2. Parties in interest
Stronghold Insurance v. Cuenca, G.R. No. 173297, March 6, 2013- CANETE
Mayor Dagdag v. Tongnawa, G.R. Nos. 161166-67, February 3, 2005- BIHAG
Spouses Oco v. Limbaring, G.R. No. 161298, January 31, 2006- HIYAS
Uy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120465, September 9, 1999- BADAYOS
Goco v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 157449, April 6, 2010- CHUA
Tampico v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 76225, March 31, 1992- CASTILLO
Salonga v. Warner, Barnes, G.R. No. L-2246, January 31, 1951- SURALTA
Sec. 1 (g), Rules of Court
Sec. 3. Representatives as parties
Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012- MARCIAL
Ching v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-59731, January 11, 1990 (Supra.)- BELLEZA
MIA v. Rivera Village, G.R. No. 143870, September 30, 2005- LIM
Sec. 4. Spouses as parties
Carandang v. Heirs of de Guzman, G.R. No. 160347, November 29, 2006- ADRIANO JAKE
ZHAN
Sec. 5. Minor or incompetent persons
Sec. 6. Permissive joinder of parties
Flores v. Hon. Mallare-Philipps, G.R. No. L-66620, September 24, 1986 (Supra.) DACUA
Sec. 7. Compulsory joinder of indispensable parties
Boston Equity v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 173946, June 19, 2013- BITANGJOL
Malazarte v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 166519, March 31, 2009- PAGAPONG
Quilatan v. Heirs of Quilatan, G.R. No. 183059, August 28, 2009- SAAVEDRA
Metrobank v. Hon. Alejo, G.R. No. 141970, September 10, 2001- MARCELO
Guy v. Guy, G.R. No. 189486, September 5, 2012- GUNTINAS
Monis v. Velasco, G.R. No. 169276, June 16, 2009- REALINO
Sec. 8. Necessary party
Chua v. Torres, G.R. No. 151900, August 30, 2005- LUMAKANG
Seno v. Mangubat, G.R. No. 44339, December 2, 1987- DESCALLAR
Wee v. Castro, G.R. No. 176405, August 20, 2008 DENILA
Mayor of Paraaque v. Ebio, G.R. No. 178411, June 23, 2010- PAJARON
Sec. 9. Non-joinder of necessary parties to be pleaded
Carandang v. Heirs of de Guzman, G.R. No. 160347, November 29, 2006 (Supra.)DUYUNGCO
Sec. 10. Unwilling co-plaintiff
Emata v. IAC, G.R. No. L-72714, June 29, 1989 CABUENAS
Sec. 11. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties
Boston Equity v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 173946, June 19, 2013 (Supra.)- GIME
Leonis Navigation v. Villamater, G.R. No. 179169, March 3, 2010 ESPARGOZA
Sec. 12. Class suit

Juana Complex v. Fil-Estate Land, G.R. No. 152272, March 5, 2012 COMPACION
Newsweek, Inc. v. IAC, G.R. No. L-63559, May 30, 1986 BRAGAT
Mathay v. Consolidated Bank, G.R. No. L-23136, August 26, 1974 MONA
Borlasa v. Polistico, G.R. No. L-22909, January 28, 1925 BITANGJOL
Note: No class suit if interest of those who filed the action conflicts with
those sought to be represented. (See: Ibaez v. Roman Catholic Church, 12
Phil. 227) VILLAMANTE
Llana v. NLRC, G.R. No. 111014, May 31, 1996 ABADILLA
Sec. 13. Alternative Defendants
Insurance Company v. US Lines, G.R. No. L-21839 April 30, 1968- GIME
Sec. 14. Unknown identity or name of defendant
See: Sec. 14, Rule 14
Sec. 15. Entity without juridical personality as defendant
See: Sec. 8, Rule 14
Sec. 16. Death of party; duty of counsel
Saligumba v. Palanog, G.R. No. 143365, December 4, 2008 BIHAG
Hon. Sumaliag v. Spouses Literato, G.R. No. 149787, June 18, 2008 BELLEZA
Sec. 17. Death or separation of a party who is a public officer
Commissioner v. Jardin, G.R. No. 141834, July 30, 2007 GARBANZOS
Sec. 18. Incompetency or incapacity
Sec. 19. Transfer of Interest
Associated Bank v. Spouses Pronstroller, G.R. No. 148444, September 3, 2009 MARCIAL
Sec. 20. Action on contractual and money claims
See: Sec. 5, Rule 86; Sec. 7, Rule 39
Gabriel v. Pagaygay, G.R. No. 146989, February 7, 2007 MARCELO
Sec. 21. Indigent party
Sec. 22. Notice to the Solicitor General