High acid tolerance: Salmonellas gurvivea pH as low 36 1.8 Targeting Peyor patches: ‘Saimonela typhi and afew closely related Saimonelia species specifically etches, These = Seeevan ieee eenreterct _—> aan ness pem eat taal Styphi has specialized rimorae that attach to eptneium over Peyer patenes, where the organism may be phagocyized Bacterially mediated endocytosis (BME): ‘Saimenetia pathogenicity island-(SPL-t) contain the genes fora type il secretion ‘system. This includes macromelecsler channels that gram-negelive bacteria such as Selmonella species Insert into eukaryolc cells and intracellular membrane (o Inject virulence protein ito the eptnalial col. The protsineclerupt the normal bush border andferee the coll {form membrane rues, which engulf the bacil and create vesicles. These cary the bacteria ‘cross the epithelia cell eytoplasn and the basolateral membrane, where they are presented to macrophages. Gans Evasion of immune recognition: ‘The Vi capsular polysaccharide prevents the recogntion of pathogon specific molecular pattorns by tlhe receptors and other immune survellance mechanisms. Macrophage as vehicle: ‘Within the macrophage, typhi travele undetected by the Immune system Presentation 0, oe Resistance to digestion: Goin Salmonella pathogencltyisand-2 SP1-2) codes for virulence factors that prevent or alter fusion ‘ofthe vacuole with othe intracellular compartments and may prevent the implantation of nicotinamide ‘adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and nitric oxide synthase Into the vacuole membrane Uso of coll machinery for reproduction: S5P2 aloo codes fora type Il seeretion system that inserts pore into vacuole membrane to deliver ‘bacterial effectors Sse, SseF, and SIA These rearrange the macrophage eytoskeleton to carry 5 typhi PNM) atts vacuole to the Golgh apparatus, where mules. Mesenteric Dosey yePons es neste os rienceNature Reviews| imruunotogy