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m
V := 60
h
tsr := 60 C
Du := 597 mm
Ds := 590 mm
Dc := 560 mm
dv := 25 mm
dB := 26 mm
H := 134.5 mm
N := 258
NU := 41
zs := 8
LK := 315 mm
u meuzoni:
LM := 250 mm
sp := 32 mm
su := 27.7 mm
Sredinji kut:
Geometrijske veliine:
(prema slici)
e1 := 29 mm
e := 7 mm
dpr := 210 mm
Rjeenje:
Svojstva vode za srednju temperaturu: tsr := 60 C
:= 983.2
kg
3
m
c := 4182
J
kg K
:= 0.659
W
m K
:= 472 10
:=
Pa s
Pr :=
= 4.801 10
2
7m
Pr = 3
1. Postupak Donohuea
Prema Donohueu vrijedi izraz za Nu u podruju:
4 Re 5 10
0.5 Pr 5 10
C := 0.22
1
0.6
Nu := C Re
Pr fQ
(III.115)
LM1 := 0.2 Du
LM 0.2 Du
LM1 = 119.4 mm
(Uvjet je ispunjen)
Su1 := 0.15
Du
Su2 := 0.20
do
4
2
Du
4
2
Su1 = 0.04199 m
Su2 = 0.05598 m
SU = 0.027817 m
SM = 0.0425 m
SM SU
SM
SU
SD = 0.03 m
Brzina:
wD :=
V
SD
wD = 0.48
m
s
Reynoldsov broj:
ReD :=
w D dv
ReD = 2.524 10
1
0.6
3
NuD := C ReD Pr
Nu =
dv
NuD = 138.84
D :=
NuD
dv
D = 3659.87
W
2
m K
2. Postupak Gnielinskog
Prema Gnielinskom vrijedi izraz za Nu u podruju:
10 Re 10
0.6 Pr 10
NuG := fA NuSG
fA 0.30
(III.118)
sp
tp = 1.28
dv
(II.32)
su
tu = 1.11
dv
(II.33)
2
3 tu
fs = 1.6017
(III.87)
(III.59)
L = 0.03927 m
Poroznost snopa cijevi
:= 1
vrijedi za
4 tp
tu 1
(III.89)
= 0.3864
Slobodni presjek plata:
S0 := Du LM
(III.119)
2
S0 = 0.14925 m
w0 L
(III.88)
ReG = 23640.05
1
0.5
Pr
(III.21)
Nul = 147.17
Nut :=
0.037 ReG
0.8
Pr
(III.26)
2
3
2.443 Pr 1
1+
ReG
0.1
Nut = 178.19
) 0.5
NuSG = 370.63
fA Korekcijski faktor koji uzima u obzir odstupanja izmeu idelanog i relanog aparat
fS
NU
RN = 0.16
0.32
fS := 1 2 RN + 0.654 RN
(III.122)
fS = 1.05
Izraz za korekcijski faktor vrijedi ako je:
LM
LM
1 y :=
Du
Du
0.2
0 RN 0.8
fB
y = 0.42
RN = 0.16
SB
SM
SB = 0.01 m
RB = 0.22
3 zB
fB := exp CB RB 1
zK
fB = 0.74
fL
) 4
SL.C := ( N NU) dB dv
2
(II.89)
SL.C = 0.008692 m
D u 2 D s2 2
SL.PS :=
4
2
2
SL.PS = 0.004459 m
SL = 0.01315 m
SL
RL :=
SM
RC :=
SL.C
SL
RL = 0.31
(II.94)
RC = 0.66
(III.125)
RL 0.80
fA = 0.56
(III.118)
Nu =
NuG = 208.55
G :=
NuG
L
G = 3499.79
W
2
m K
3. Postupak Slipevia
Broj cijevi u odgovarajuim redovima:
N1 := 7
N5 := 16
N9 := 17
N13 := 13
N2 := 15
N6 := 17
N10 := 16
N14 := 10
N3 := 16
N7 := 17
N11 := 15
N15 := 9
N4 := 17
N8 := 16
N12 := 14
N16 := 2
N12M := 7
i := 1 .. 16 1
S1 := 47880 mm
S9 := 47565 mm
2
2
S1M = 0.02394 m
S12M :=
S10 := 49770 mm
S11 := 50085 mm
S12 := 47880 mm
S2 := 50085 mm
S3 := 49770 mm
S4 := 47565 mm
S5 := 58905 mm
S13 := 43155 mm
S14 := 49770 mm
S15 := 36225 mm
S16 := 59850 mm
S7 := 53550 mm
S8 := 58905 mm
2
2
S12
2
S6 := 53550 mm
S1
S1M :=
S12M = 0.02394 m
2
2
KRAJNJA ZONA
Matematiki izvedeni neegzistentni presjek u krajnjoj zoni:
N1 + N2 + N3 + N4 + N5 + N6 + N7
SK :=
N1 + N2 + N3 + N4 + N5 + N6 + N7 +
S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2
SK = 0.049915 m
V
SK
wK = 0.334
m
s
w K dv
ReK = 1.739 10
CS := 0.45
NuK := CS ReK
Pr
(III.128)
NuK = 227.08
Nu =
dv
K :=
NuK
dv
K = 5985.83
W
2
m K
AK = 10.74 m
10
MEUZONA
Matematiki izvedeni neegzistentni presjek u meuzoni:
N1 + N2 + N3 + N4 + N5 + N6 + N7 + N8 +
SM :=
N1 + N2 + N3 + N4 + N5 + N6 + N7
S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6 S 0.6
1M 2 3 4 5 6 7
2
SM = 0.047939 m
V
SM
wM = 0.348
m
s
w M dv
ReM = 1.811 10
CS := 0.45
NuM := CS ReM
0.6
Pr
(III.128)
Nu =
dv
NuM = 232.65
Srednji koeficijent prijelaza topline u meuzoni:
M :=
NuM
dv
M = 6132.73
W
2
m K
NM1 := N 2
AM = 24.19 m
NM1 = 176
11
UZDUNA ZONA
Slobodni presjek strujanja u uzdunoj zoni:
2
D u2
dv
( sin( ) ) NU
SU :=
4
8
SU = 0.027817 m
V
SU
wU = 0.599
m
s
tp
1
dhU := dv 2 3
dhU = 0.020165 m
wU dhU
ReU = 25167.15
10 Re 2 10
0.86
Pr
0.4
(III.113)
NuU = 144.88
Nu =
dv
U :=
NuU
dhU
U = 4734.74
W
2
m K
AU := 2 NU dv LK + 2 NU ( zs 1) dv LM
2
AU = 13.3 m
12
Sid :=
K AK + M AM + U AU
AK + AM + AU
W
Sid = 5714.51
m K
S := Sid fB fL
S = 3076.43
W
2
m K
fB = 0.74
fL = 0.73
USPOREDBA
D = 3659.87
G = 3499.79
S = 3076.43
W
2
m K
W
2
m K
W
2
m K
13
4V
wpr = 0.48
dpr
m
s
ppr.D := 1.5
wpr
(II.66)
ppr.D = 171 Pa
1b) PAD TLAKA U KRAJNJOJ ZONI I MEUZONI
Najui presjek strujanja u meuzoni:
SM.D := ( 2 e1 + 16 e) LM
(II.73)
SM.D = 0.0425 m
wM.D :=
SM.D
wM.D = 0.392
m
s
zp := 11
42.3
tp 1
Rekr = 151.07
(II.42)
Reynoldsov broj:
ReKM :=
wM.D dv
ReKM = 20422.07
(turbulentno strujanje)
14
(II.41b)
t :=
Ct.s
( tp 1)
0.2
ReKM
t = 0.532
0.2
(II.40)
KM := t
Pad tlaka u krajnjoj zoni i meuzoni:
pKM.D := KM zp ( zs + 1)
wM.D
(II.71)
pKM.D = 3979.57 Pa
1c) PAD TLAKA U UZDUNOJ ZONI
Slobodni presjek strujanja u uzdunoj zoni:
2
D u2
dv
( sin( ) ) NU
SU :=
4
8
(II.75)
SU = 0.027817 m
V
SU
wU = 0.6
m
s
U.D := 2
Pad tlaka u uzdunoj zoni:
2
pU.D := U.D zs
wU.D
2
pU.D = 2823.64 Pa
(II.74)
15
wpr :=
wpr = 0.48
dpr
m
s
pr.G := 2
Pad tlaka u prikljucima:
ppr.G := pr.G
wpr
(II.64)
ppr.G = 228 Pa
2b) PAD TLAKA U KRAJNJOJ ZONI
Za brzinu strujanja u krajnjoj zoni mjerodavan je najui presjek onog reda cijevi, koji
najblii sredinjoj liniji (simetrali):
Najui presjek strujanja:
S6 := ( 2 e1 + 16 e) LK
2
S6 = 0.05355 m
V
S6
wK.G = 0.311
m
s
wK.G dv
ReK.G = 16207.99
280
) 2 + 210
tu 0.6
4 tp tu 1.6
1 tp
Fp.l = 223.54
(II.52)
16
s.l :=
Fp.l
s.l = 0.0138
ReK.G
(II.51)
Fs.t
1.2
+ 0.4 tu 1 0.01 tp 1
:= 2.5 +
1.06
tp
tu
t
0.85
(
)
p
(II.58)
Fs.t = 5.43
s.t :=
Fs.t
s.t = 0.48
0.25
ReK.G
(II.57)
( 200 + ReK.G)
1000
(II.55)
i.K.G = 0.5
zK := 15.5
pi.K.G := i.K.G zK
wK.G
fB.K
pi.K.G = 365.7 Pa
(II.78)
SB = 0.01 m
SM1 := ( 2 e1 + 16 e) LK
SM1 = 0.05 m
RB1 :=
fB.K
SB1
SM1
RB = 0.2224
3 zB
:= exp CB1 RB1 1
zK
(II.85)
fB.K = 0.5205
(II.79)
pK.G = 380.7 Pa
17
SM = 0.0425 m
V
SM
wM.G = 0.392
m
s
wM.G dv
ReM.G = 2.042 10
zp := 11
s.l :=
280
) 2 + 210
tu 0.6
4 tp tu 1.6
1 tp
Fp.l
Fp.l = 223.54
s.l = 0.0109
ReM.G
Fs.t
(II.52)
(II.51)
1.2
+ 0.4 tu 1 0.01 tp 1
:= 2.5 +
1.06
tp
tu
t
0.85
(
)
p
(II.58)
Fs.t = 5.43
s.t :=
Fs.t
0.25
ReM.G
s.t = 0.45
( 200 + ReM.G)
1000
(II.57)
(II.55)
i.M.G = 0.47
18
wM.G
pi.M.G := i.M.G zp
(II.87)
pi.M.G = 387.2 Pa
fL
) 4
SL.C := ( N NU) dB dv
2
(II.89)
SL.C = 0.01 m
D u 2 D s2 2
SL.PS :=
4
2
2
SL.PS = 0.004459 m
SL = 0.01315 m
RL :=
RP :=
SL
SM
SL.PS
SL
RL = 0.3094
(II.94)
RP = 0.3391
(II.93)
RL 0.80
n = 0.5991
n
fL := exp 1.33 ( 1 + RP) RL
(II.95)
(II.88)
fL = 0.41
19
fB.M
zp := 11
CB1 := 3.7
SB = 0.01 m
SM2 := ( 2 e1 + 16 e) LM
SM2 = 0.04 m
RB2 :=
SB2
SM2
RB2 = 0.18
3 zB
fB.M := exp CB1 RB2 1
zp
(II.85)
(II.79)
fB.M = 0.5205
Pad tlaka u meuzoni realnog aparata:
(II.86)
pM.G = 584 Pa
20
(II.75)
SU = 0.027817 m
SM = 0.0425 m
SM SU
(II.102)
SU.G = 0.03438 m
V
SU.G
wU.G = 0.48
m
s
H
su
zu = 3.88
(II.99)
4 SU
Du
N U dv +
+ Du sin
2
2
(II.105)
dh = 0.0258 m
21
Reynoldsovi brojevi:
Re1 :=
Re2 :=
wU.G e
wU.G dh
Re1 = 7068.01
(II.103)
Re2 = 26038.43
(II.104)
56 zu 52 LM wU.G
pl :=
+
+ 2
2
Re
d
Re
1
h
2
(II.97)
pl = 237 Pa
pt := ( 0.6 zu + 2)
wU.G
(II.98)
pt = 500 Pa
F := 1
sr
F=
st
pU.G := zs F fL pl + pt
(II.96)
pU.G = 1832.9 Pa
Ukupni pad tlaka u platu aparata prema Gaddisu:
22
4V
wpr = 0.48
dpr
m
s
ppr.S := 1.5
wpr
(II.66)
ppr.S = 171 Pa
3b) PAD TLAKA U KRAJNJOJ ZONI
Slobodni presjeci pojedinih popreno nastrujanih redova cijevi krajnje zone:
2
S9 := 47565 mm
S10 := 49770 mm
S11 := 50085 mm
S12 := 47880 mm
S13 := 43155 mm
S14 := 49770 mm
S15 := 36225 mm
S16 := 59850 mm
S1 := 47880 mm
S2 := 50085 mm
S3 := 49770 mm
S4 := 47565 mm
S5 := 58905 mm
S6 := 53550 mm
S7 := 53550 mm
S8 := 58905 mm
5
9
1.8
( Si)
(II.107)
SK.t = 10555.61 mm
23
V
SK.t
wK.S = 1.58
m
s
ReK.S :=
ReK.S = 82225.26
(II.41b)
t.K.S :=
Ct.s
( tp 1)
0.2
ReK.S
0.2
t.K.S = 0.4
(II.40)
i.K.S := t.K.S
Broj popreno nastrujanih redova krajnje zone:
zK := 15.5
Pad tlaka u krajnjoj zoni idealnog aparata:
pi.K.S := 2 i.K.S
wK.S
pi.K.S = 986.42 Pa
fB.K = 0.5205
24
A2 := S2
A3 := S3
A4 := S4
A5 := S5
A6 := S6
LM
A1 = 0.038 m
LK
LM
A7 := S7
2
A2 = 0.0397 m
LK
LM
A8 := S8
A3 = 0.0395 m
LK
LM
A9 := S9
A4 = 0.0377 m
LK
LM
LM
LK
LM
LK
LM
LK
A10 := S10
A5 = 0.0468 m
LK
LM
A11 := S11
LM
LK
LM
LK
A7 = 0.0425 m
A8 = 0.0468 m
A9 = 0.0377 m
A10 = 0.0395 m
A11 = 0.0397 m
A6 = 0.0425 m
LK
1.8
( A j)
j := 1 .. 11
5
9
(II.107)
AM.t = 10725.95 mm
V
AM.t
wM.S = 1.55
m
s
wM.S dv
ReM.S = 80919.41
(II.41b)
25
t.M.S :=
Ct.s
( tp 1)
0.2
ReM.S
t.M.S = 0.4037
0.2
(II.40)
i.M.S := t.M.S
Pad tlaka u meuzoni idealnog aparata:
pi.M.S := i.M.S ( zs 1)
wM.S
(II.106)
pi.M.S = 3354.4 Pa
fB.M = 0.5205
fL = 0.41
SU :=
( sin ( ) ) NU
4
8
(II.75)
SU = 0.027817 m
V
SU
wU.S = 0.6
m
s
4 SU
Du
N U dv +
+ Du sin
2
2
(II.105)
dh = 0.0258 m
26
wU.S 4 dh
ReU.S = 128740.23
U.S := 2.2 +
286
U.S = 2.21
0.845
ReU.S
(II.109)
pU.S := U.S zs
wU.S
2
(II.74)
pU.S = 3125.44 Pa
Ukupni pad tlaka u platu aparata prema Slipeviu:
27
USPOREDBA REZULTATA
DONOHUE
GADDIS
SLIPEVI
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ppr.D = 170.74 Pa
pKM.D = 3979.57 Pa
pU.D = 2823.64 Pa
ppr.G = 227.66 Pa
ppr.S = 170.74 Pa
pK.G = 380.7 Pa
pK.S = 513.44 Pa
pM.G = 583.99 Pa
pM.S = 722.8 Pa
pU.G = 1832.9 Pa
pU.S = 3125.44 Pa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pD = 6973.96 Pa
pG = 3025.25 Pa
pS = 4532.42 Pa
??? VELIKE RAZLIKE IZMEU PADA TLAKA PRORAUNATOG PO POSTUPCIMA RAZNIH AUTO
jedini ispravni put - MJERENJE
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