TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 4556:1988
NC THI
PHNG PHP LY MU, VN CHUYN, V BO QUN MU
Water water
Method for selection keeping, transpor of samples
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php ly, bo qun v vn chuyn mu phn tch cc tnh cht ha
l cho nc thi.
1. Dng c ha cht
1.1. Chai thu tinh (bn vng ha hc (c nt mi hoc nt bc trng parafin hoc chai polyetylen,
dung tch 250; 500; 1000 ml.
1.2. My my mu chn khng, gi c chn nng c kp gi chai, dy h xung nc v go mc
nc khi cn thit.
Tt c chai l dng ly v gi mu cn phi ra tht sch bng nc x phng, bng cht kim axit
hoc hn hp kali bicromat trong axit sunfuric, sau ra k bng nc sch, trng bng nc ct,
trc khi ly mu phi trng t nht 1 ln bng chnh nc thi my mu ri mi ly mu .
2. Tin hnh ly mu
2.1. Chn a im
a im chn ly mu phi ph thuc vo c im ngun nc nh: quy trnh sn xut ca nh
my, iu kin chu k thi nc, h thng x l nu c, c th.
2.1.1. Trong nh my
Nu nh my c nhiu loi hnh sn xut phi ly mu theo tng loi hnh ri ly mu ti im tp trung
ca tt c cc loi hnh trn.
Nu c h thng x l phi ly trc v sau khi x l.
2.1.1. Ngoi nh my
Nc thi chy ra sng h phi ly mu nh sau:
a) sng phi ly mu ti
im nc thi chy vo sngl;
Trn im thi 500 ; 1000 m.
Di im thi ly theo dng chy nhng im khc nhau, 100, 500, 1000 m. Khi cn thit phi ly xa
hn na. su tt nht l 20 3o cm di mt nc. Ly mu cch b t 1,5 n 2cm c th ly c
b phi v b tri v gia sng.
b) h cha nc, m, ao
Phi ly mu nhng su v a im khc nhau, khng ly my nhng ni c rong ru mc,
khng ly mu trung bnh h.
2.2. Chn thi gian
Ly mu theo ma, ma kh v ma ma;
ly mu theo tng ngy;
ly mu theo gi, mi ln cch nhau t 1 3 g, theo mt chu k sn xut (mt ca hoc mt ngy) thi
gian gc quy nh t sau thi im thi ra.
2.3. Ty theo mc ch nghin cu m ly cc loi mu sau:
2.3.1. Ly mu n gin: khi cht lng nc khng thay i ly mu mt ln, ti mt im m c th
nh gi y cht lng nc.
2.3.2. Ly mu ln c tnh cht xc xut.

2.3.3. Ly mu trung bnh

2.3.3.1. Trung bnh theo thi gian: Nu nc thi ra n nh v khi lng c th ch ly mu trung bnh
trong mt ngy, mt ca sn xut, cch t 1 1 gi ly mt ln. Sau mi ln ly mt th tch nc nh
nhau vo mt bnh ln. Trn u ri rt ra mt th thch nc cn thit phn tch.
2.3.3.2. Mu trung bnh t l
Khi khi lng nc thi ra trong ngy khng ng u l mu sau: Ly mu cng mt a im theo
thi gian cch u nhau (1 3 gi mt ln) mi ln ly mt khi lng nc thi ra t l vi lng nc
thi ra thi im , chung vo mt bnh ln, trn u ri rt ra mt th tch phn tch theo
yu cu.
Ch thch:
a) Mu ny cho bit thnh phn trung bnh ca nc ni ta nghin cu hoc l thnh phn trung bnh
ca nc thi trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
b) Mu trn khng th dng xc nh nhng thnh phn d thay i nh pH, cc cht kh ho tan v.v...
2.4. Dng my ly mu chn khng ly mu. i vi nc thi c cha kim loi nng nh thy ngn,
ch v.v... hoc cc cht ni trn b mt (du, m) cn khuy u trc khi ly mu.
2.5. Khi lng mu phi v phi ph hp vi yu cu phn tch t 1 5 lt v c quy nh trong
tiu chun c th.
2.6. Km theo mu cn c nhn hoc bin bn ly mu ghi r thi gian (gi, ngy, thng, nm) a im
ly mu (c th miu t bng s , nh...); cc iu kin thin nhin nh thi tit, nhit (c nc v
khng kh khi ly mu); iu kin sn xut. Khi cn ghi ch r iu kin sn xut, tnh hnh thi tit ca
my ngy trc . Ghi r phng php lm bo qun.
3. Bo qun v vn chuyn mu
3.1. Thi gian vn chuyn t ni ly mu n phng th nghim cng ngn cng tt. Phi gi mu ch
ti v nhit thp.
3.2. Khi vn chuyn mu phi bc chai, chn lt gia cc chai bng giy mm, t chai vo hp g, ti
da sao cho an ton trnh v trong khi vn chuyn.
3.3. Cc iu kin bo qun v thi hn lu mu phn tch cc cht c th xem phn ph lc ca tiu
chun ny.
3.4. Ha cht dng bo qun mu phi l loi tinh khit phn tch (TCPT)
PH LC CA TCVN 4556-88
i tng
phn tch
1. Al Nhm

2. Amoniac

3. Asen (As)
4. Bari (Ba+
+
)
5. Beryl
(Be)

iu kin bo qun

Thi gian lu mu

1. Khng b qun

1. Khng qu 4 gi

2. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/ 1l pH l 2

2. 1 thng

3. 5ml HCl (1:1)/ 1l pH l 2

3. Mt thng

1. Khng bo qun

1. a) Khng qu 4 gi
b) Trong mt ngy

2. 2 4 ml clorofooc / 1l

2. Trong 1 2 ngy

3. 1 ml H2SO4 (d = 1,84) / 1l

3. Trong 1 2 ngy

1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong 1 ngy

2. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42) /1l n pH l 2

2. Trong 1 thng

1. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42) /1l

1. 1 thng

2. 5ml HCl (1:1)/1l n pH l 2

2. 1 thng

1. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42/1 l n pH l 2.

1. 1 thng

2. 5ml HCl (1:1) /1l n pH l 1

2. 1 thng

Lu c
bit

Gi to =
4oC

Ly
mu
trong
bnh
polyetylen

6. Bo (B)

1. Khng bo qun
1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong hai ngy

3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1 l n pH l 2

3 ngy

Khng bo qun

Trong 2 ngy

1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong 4 gi

2. 2 4 ml clorofooc/ 1 l

2. Trong 1 n 2 ngy

11. Cn

Khng bo qun

Vo ngy ly mu

12. Clo hot

tnh

Khng bo qun

Ti ch ly mu

13. Clorua
Cl-

Khng bo qun

Trong 1 ngy

14. Ch (Pb+
+
)

1. 1 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42) 1l pH l 2.

1. 1 thng

2. 5 ml HCl (1:1)/1l pH l 2

2. 1 thng

15. Coban
(Co++)

1. 1 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1 l pH l 2.

1. 1 thng

2. 2,5 ml HCl (1:1)/1 l l 2

2. 1 thng

3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/ 1l n pH l 2

Trong 1 2 ngy xc
nh ring CrIII v CrVI
vo ngy ly mu.

1. 2 4 ml clorofooc /1l

1. Trong 1 ngy

2. Chit bng clorofooc ngay ti ch ly

mu.

2. Xc nh dung dch
trong vng 3 ngy.

Khng bo qun

1. Ngay khi ly mu

7. Br
8. Cadimi
(Cd)
9. Canxi
10. Cn l
lng

16. Crom
(Cr)
17. Du m
v cc sn
phm du
m
18. axit
19.
cng
20. c

2. Trong 1 ngy
Khng bo qun

Trong 2 ngy

1. Khng bo qun

1. Khng qu 4 gi

2. 2 4 ml clorofooc/ 1l

2. Trong 1 2 ngy

Khng bo qun

1. Ngay khi ly mu
2. Trong 1 ngy

21. kim

1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong 4 gi

22. oxy
ha (theo
KMnO4)

2. 5ml H2SO4 (1:3)/100ml

2. Trong 1 ngy

23. oxy

1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong 4 gi

hay thu tinh

bn vng
lc khng b
kh kim
C kh nng
hp th vo
thnh chai
Trc
khi
phn
tch
cn
phi
khuy u.

Ly mu
cn
bt,
trnh
nung
nng

Ly y
trn
bong
bng, khi vn
chuyn trnh
nung nng,
gi to =
4oC
- Gi toC =
40C cn tnh
n
lng
H2SO4

cho vo mi
mu.

ha (theo
K2Cr2O7)
Nhu cu
ha hc v
oxy

24. St (Fe)

25. Ferocianua
[(Fe (CN)6]-

2. 1ml H2SO4 (d = 1,84)/1 l

2. Trong 1 ngy

1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong 4 ting

2. 2 4 ml clorofooc/1l

2. Trong 1 ngy

3. 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1l

3. Trong 1 2 ngy

Khng bo qun

Trong vng 4 gi

1. 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1 l n pH l 2

1 thng

2. 5 ml HCl (1:1) n pH l 2

1 thng

Khong bo qun

Trong 2 ngy

26. Km
Zn++
27. Magi
(M++)
28. Mangan

29. Mu
30. Molip
en

1. 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42) / 1l n pH l 2
2. 5ml HCl (1:1) / 1l n pH l 2

Trong 1 thng

1. Khong bo qun

1. Vo ngy ly mu

2. 2 4ml clorofooc/ 1 l n pH l 2

2. Trong 1 3 ngy

1. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1 l n pH l 2

1 thng

Khng bo qun

Ngay sau khi ly mu

hoc khng mun qu 2
gi

Ch ly trong
chai thu tinh

1. Khng bo qun

1. Khng qu 3 gi

toC

2. Khng bo qun

2. Khng qu 24 gi

Gi
4oC

Gi
4oC

toC

31. Mi, v
32. Nhu cu
sinh ha v
oxy (CBO)
33. Niken

3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/ 1 l n pH l 2

34. Niobi
(Nb)

1. 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/ 1l n pH l 2

1 thng

2. 5ml HCL (1:1) n pH l 2

1 thng

1. Khng bo qun

1. a) trong 4 gi

35. Nitrat
(NO3)

36. Nitrit

b) Trong 1 ngy
2. 2 4 mm

2. Trong 1 2 ngy

3. 1 ml H2SO4 (d = 1,84)/1l

3. Trong 1 2 ngy

1. Khng bo qun

1. a) trong 4 gi

2. 2 4ml clorofooc / 1l
3. 1 ml H2SO4 (d = 1,84)/ 1l

b) Trong 1 ngy
2. Trong 1 - 2 ngy
3. Trpmg 1 2 ngy

37. Oxy ho
tan

38. pH

1. Khng bo qun

1. Trong 1 ngy

Ly y trn

2. C nh bng:

2. Trong 1 tun

khng c
bt kh

1. Ngay sau khi ly

mu

Khi ly cn
ly y trn

NaOH v KI

MnCl2 hoc MnSO4

Khng bo qun

2. Trong vng 6 gi

39. pH
40. Polya
crinamit
41. Selen

1. Khng bo qun

1. Vo ngy ly mu

2. 4g NaOH / 1l

2. Trong 1 2 ngy

Khng bo qun

Khng qu 4 gi

1. 5 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42) v 0,5 amoni

pesunfat / 1l

1 thng

Khng bo qun

Trong 1 ngy

Khng bo qun

Trong 7 ngy

42. Sunfua

43. Sunfat
44. Stronti

1. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1 l n pH l 2

2. 5ml HCl (1:1)/1l n pH l 2

45.
Thioxianat
(SCN)

Khng bo qun

46. Thy
ngn (Hg)

1. 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1.42)/1l n pH l 2

1 thng
Vo ngy ly mu

1. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1l

1 thng

2. 5ml HCl (1: 1)/ 1l n pH l 2

1 thng

1. 3ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/1 l n pH l 2

1 thng

2. 2,5 ml HCl (1:1)/ 1l

1 thng

1. 3 ml HNO3 (d = 1,42)/ 1l n pH l 2

1 thng

2. 5ml HCl (1:1)/1 l n pH l 2

1 thng

50. Xyanua
(CN)

1. Khng bo qun

1. Vo ngy ly mu

51. Cc
cht hu c

1. Khng bo qun

52. Cc
cht tr
su, dit c

1. 2 4 ml clorofooc / 1l

Trong 1 2 ngy

53. Cc
cht hot
tnh b mt

1. 2 4 ml clorofooc/1l

Trong 1 2 ngy

47. Titan
48. Vanadi
49. Vonfram

2. 3 4 g NaOH /1 l n pH l 2

trnh bt kh,
trnh
lm
nung nng.

Ly y
trnh c bt
kh v c
nh ngay ti
ch