PHONG GD&DT VINH TUONG TRUONG THCS VINH TUGNG CHUYEN DE MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN VE PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC SINH GIAI TOAN BANG TIENG ANH I-LY DO CHON DE TAI 6 bac THPT mén Todn cé mét vi tri rat quan trong, bai vi né khong nhing gidp hoc sinh phat trién nang Ive va tri tué, rén cho hoe sinh ki nang tw duy tich cue, d6c lap, sing tao. Ma mén Todn cén 1a céng cy thiét yéu giip hoc sinh hgc tét cde bG mén khéc trong nha trrdng, Tir 46 gitp céc em phat trién toan dién vé tri tug, tham mi, ky ning nghé nghiép cia con ngudi mdi. Hién nay, trong xu thé hdi nhap Quéc té. HS sau khi tét nghigp THCS, cae em khéng nhiing thi vao cdc trong THPT trong nude ma cdn theo hge cae chwong trinh du hoc nuée ngoai , hoc cdc truéng Dai Hoc Quéc té té chite tai Viét Nam va mét s6 trréng THPT trong nude cé lép chon song ngit véi ndi dung ding Tiéng Anh vio day ce mén hge trong nha trréng va chi yéu la day Toan — Anh, Déi véi trvéng THCS Vinh Twong néi riéng va céc truéng THCS trong huyén ndi chung, kha ning kién thife todn hoc ciia ic em la viing vang. Do dé ty 1g hye sinh thi vao cdc trréng chuyén da 1 két qua c nhiing hoc sinh tham dy thi du hoc nuéc ngoai va da dat két qua. Do dé nhu cau hoe Tiéng Anh, hoe gidi Toan bing Tiéng Anh déi véi hoc sinh THCS rat can thiét. Vi vay, ttr nm hoc 2008 - 2009 PGD& BT Vinh Tudng da trign khai va thye hign chwong trinh day lop Tiéng Anh ning cao cho hoc sinh truéng THCS Vinh Tudng. Vi myc tiéu: Hoe sinh c6 ky ning nghe ~ néi - doc - viét— giao tiép Tiéng Anh tot dong théi cé ky nang giai va trinh bay bai todn bing Anh. ing La gido vién tryc tiép giang day mén toan & Iép Tiéng Anh nang cao - khdi lop 8. T6i nban thay ring: Giai todn bang Tiéng Anh van luén luén 1a mét mang ma hge sinh gp kha nhiéu khé khan khi “ Tham nh§p”, e6 hoe sinh 1khong biét bat dau trinh bay mét bai toan bang Tiéng Anh nhu thé nao? Va déi khi rat ngai khi giai va trinh bay m6t bai todn bang Tiéng Anh. Do vay t6i luén danh thai gian doc, nghién citu tai ligu, duc nit kinh nghigm tir thy té giang day cia ban thin va hoc héi kinh nghiém cia cac déng nghiép. Mac di chua duge dao tao mét cach chinh qui vé Tiéng Anh chuyén nganh nhung véi trach nhiém, tam huyét va von kién thir it 6i cua ban than, t6i luén tim tdi kién thite, tich lay phuong phép dé truyén dat cho cdc em 6 duoc két qua buée dau nhu mong muén vé giai Toan bang Tiéng Anh. T6i manh dan chon nghién ctu dé tai “ M6t s6 van dé co ban vé phuong phap day hoc sinh gidi Toan bing Tiéng Anh”. Dé tai nay 1a mot s6 kinh nghiém nho trong gidng day cila t6i giép hoc sinh it bé ng hon khi tiép can cdc bai ton, cac dé thi bang Tiéng Anh , déng théi hinh thanh cho hoe sinh tu duy tich cyte, 46 p, sang tgo clia ngudi hoe Toan va su nang dng cia ngudi hoe Tiéng Anh, Cling 6 cho hoe sinh va gido vién vén Tiéng Anh chuyén nganh déng théi cé su két hop tot gitra bd mén Ton va b6 mén Tiéng Anh. Hoc sinh cé théi quen si dung Tiéng Anh trong qué trinh gidi toan Bén canh d6, cing véi gido vién day Tiéng Anh gitp hoc sinh o6 di ky ning dé thi cdc ky thi Olympic nhu Olympic Hi NGi mé rong, thi Olympic Toan Singapore ho§c thi du hoe muée ngoai. I- THU'C TRANG CUA VAN DE NGHIEN CUU Khi nha phan céng day Toan 6 lép Tiéng Anh nang cao nhiing tiét dau t6i cam thay cén Iing ting khi thay hoc sinh chua phan ludng duge dang bai va phuong phap trinh bay cho timg dang bai 46. Dé théng ké nang lye tip thu bai va trinh bay bai clia hoc sinh t6i da dang cac hinh thie kiém tra, danh gia va nbn ra rang: Hoc sinh n thie Toan nhung nhiéu em cén hing ting khi trinh bay vi von tt Tiéng Anh chuyén nganh cdn it, Qua digu tra hoc sinh 161 thu duge két qua nhw sau:Kha nang nhan | Gidi Kha Trung binh_ | Yéu-Kém thire | TS |% |TS % (TS |% |TS |% KT Toanhoc |3 115 |6 2313, |so fa 15,5 ‘Von tit méi 1 4s 192 |14 538 |6 23 chuyén nganh Két qua giai bai {1 4 |6 23 |14—«((53,8 [5 19,2 Trvée tinh hinh dé t6i di manh dan nghién cvru va dua ra mét sé phuong phap phi hop dé gidp hoc sinh bude dau tiép cn vSi bO mén con méi la -Két hop tét cdc PPGD dc trumg ctia b6 mén Todn nhu: + Thao luan nhom +Phat trién tu duy sang tao +Day hoc dat va gidi quyét van dé. Do dic thi mén Toan ctia Iép Tiéng Anh nang cao 1A budi sang hoc 4t/ tuin theo qui dinh, budi chiéu hoc 2t/ tuan hoc giai Toan bang Tiéng Anh , thoi lugng khéng nhiéu cho viée hoc giai toan bing Tiéng Anh . Trinh d@ Tiéng Anh cia gido vién va hoc sinh con han ché, dc biét gido vién chwa cé sy dao tao chinh qui hay n6i cach khde chwa mang tinh chuyén nghigp. Vi vay 10i nghién etru tai ligu va dua ra mét sé bign phap thye hign nhw sau: + Cac tiét hoc budi sing: Day kién thite co ban theo sach gido khoa, cé su léng ghép nhitng tir vung cé trong bai. Trong bai day khi xudt hign ti méi Tiéng Anh chuyén nganh ma cac em chua duge hoc 6 cdc chuyén 48 da hoc thi gido vién day nhitng tt mdi Tiéng Anh chuyén nganh dé dé cc em nim duge va van dung trong qua trinh tiép thu kién thite Todn hoc duge dé dang hon. + Cac tiét hoc budi chiéu: Phan loai KT theo timg dang bai, timg chuyén dé sao cho pha hgp véi ting déi twgng hoe sinh. Vi dy nbu: *)Dai sé: Algebra~ Da thite: Analysis + Phan tich da thie thanh nhan ti: polynomials into polynomials factor. + Tinh chia hét d6i véi da thite: The divisibility of polynomials. + Dinh ly Bo- zu: Bo- Zu theorem. -Phan thite hitu ty.Distribution formula. -Phuong trinh: Equation + Phuong trinh bic nbét: Most equations + Phuong trinh chita an 6 mau: Contains hidden equation in form + Phuong trinh chita dau gia tri tuyét d6i: Equation contains the absolute value + Phuong trinh bi Higher - order equation + Phuong trinh khéng mau myc: Equation does not model. + Cac bai todn chting minh bat ding thite: The problems prove the inequality *) Hinh hoc -Tit gide: Quadrilateral/ Quadrangle + Hinh thang: Trapezoid + Dudng trung binh cia hinh thang: Midline of trapezoid + Hinh binh hinh: Parallelogram + Hinh chit nhat: Rectangle + Hinh thoi: Fusiform/diamond + Hinh vudng: Square -Dign tich da gide: Area of polygon *)Kiém tra ‘V6i méi chit dé t6i chia ra thanh cée tiét hoc nhu sau: -Tiét ly thuyét + On ly thuyét va hoe tir vung lién quan + Vi dy van dung Tiét bai tap: + Bai tap tric nghiém -Nhan biét-Théng hiéu -Van dung + Bai tap ty van: - Nhan biét -Théng hiéu -Van dung: +) Mite d6 thap 1) Mite d§ cao +Tiét dn tap -On theo biéu bang - On theo so d6 hinh cay - On theo hé théng dang bai...... kiém tra( Méi dé kiéi tra déi héi 6 méi hoe sinh khéng an yéu cau cdc em biét ding ir méi Tiéng Anh phi hop véi dae trng ciia tig dang toan) Tir nhiing thye trang trén téi tién hanh nghién citu va thyc hign dé tai: “ Mot s6- van dé cu bin vé phuong phép day hoc sinh gidi todn bing Tiéng Anh” nhu sau: Trude mai tiét day t6i dgc va nghién ctu ky tai ligu lién quan tim nhiing tir vung phat sinh trong bai, Cung cép tai ligu cho hoc sinh nghién ciru truée 6 nha ( Ti dién Toan Anh, nghién cttu chuyén dé 6 dang khai quat). Trong gid hoc t6i day theo qui trinh : Hoc ly thuyét co bin => Tir vung => Vi du minh hoa => Bai tip thyc nghiém => Bai tap => On tap => Kiém tra ( Bai t§p nding cao c6 tir méi phat sink). Vi du : Céu trac cia mét tiét luyén tap A- Muc tiéu: + Nhiing kién thite can cing ed cho hoc sinh. + K¥ nang can rén luyén cho hoc sinh qua tiét day. + Tu duy: + Gido duc tu tudng, dao dite IB - Chuan bi: + Tai ligu str dung cho bai hoc + Ni dung kién thite kiém tra. C- Noi dung 1) Kiém tra: + Kiém tra tir vung. + Kiém tra bai ed: - Phi hop voi bai o tiét true - Théa man yéu cau rén luyén tu duy, k¥ nang 2) Bai tp 6 nha: - Chita nhanh: + Kiém tra mot sé van dé ( Hoe sinh ty lam) © Phan tich mét s6 van dé bai toan. * Phuong phap gidi © Kién thie da van dung. + Nhiing van dé giao vién nhan manh, dan giai cho hoe sinh + Hoat dng 6 lép - Loai bai chita chi tiét + N@i dung dé bai. + Cach huéng dan hoe sinh tim hiéu ndi dung dé bai. + Cau héi khai thac, cling cé, phat huy tri thong minh cua hoe sinh + Cae phuong phap giai khac. + Da sir dung kién thite nao dé giai. + C6 thé mé rong bai todn duge khéng ? Néu phuong huéng giai quyét tiép. + Nhiing van dé can nhan manh, can bé sung phuong phap giai todn, ky ning co ban, sai sot. 3) Giai bai ip méi: Bai tp twong ty, bai tap phat trién tw duy, bai tap mo rong... (twong ty nhu phan trén). 4- Cuing cd:+ Téng két dang bai todn da lam va nhiing sai sét ma hoe sinh mac phai. + Hé thong kién thirc 44 van dung, k¥ nang can rén luyén. 5-Huéng dn vé nha: + Xem lai cach gidi bai tp da chita, chi ¥ vé cde s: gap + Hoan thanh mét sé yéu cau dat ra * Chi y : Khi soan bai chia thanh timg dang - Bai tap minh hoa ly thuyét - Bai tap hoan thién ly thuyét - Bai tip cling cé ly thuyét - Bai tip rén luyén ky nang - Bai tip phat trién nang lye tu duy sang tao Vidy minh hoa: PRACTICE PROBLEMS ON POLYNOMIALS A) Aims: -) Students can apply the knowledge learned in solving problems on polynomials, divisibility of polynomials and the polynomials defined. -) Students have ability to calculate quickly, perform operations on polynomials exactly, using an equation constants are reasonable. -) Students have skills presenting Math solutions in English well. ~) Student have self-di dynamic, creative life. cipline in learning and group activities. There is a B) content: I. Class organization. - Greeting. - Checking attendance: I) Check up Problem 1: Circle the letter before the correct answer: a) If 3x? + ax + 27 divides x + 5 has remainder as 2 then a A) 10 B) IS 20 D) otherb) With all of the variable value, the value of the expression 9y + 6y +3. isa number: A) positive B) negative C)no positive D) no negative ¢) The value of the expression A = (x°+ y*)- (x? +y*) + 4xy with x +y = 2is: A)2 B)3 o4 Djs 4) Expression 4x? + 4x + 11 reaches the minimum value when the value of x is: A 1 B)- 1 o1 D)-1 Problem 2: Solve the following exercises: (a student presents on the board) If a, b, © are real numbers so that a’ + 4b = 7; b’ +8c = -10 and c? + 6a = -26, Find T =a’ +b’ + ct. Solution a 4b =7 We have: {67 +8 cP +6 10 "+ a + 4b +b? + 8c 40° + 6a =7 + (-10) + (-26) 26 “sat t db + b+ 8c +c? + 6a+29=0 o's (a? + 6a+ 9) + (b? + 4b +4) + (C+ 8c + 16) =0 “. @ +3 + (b+ 2% +(c+4)7=0 a+3=0 a=3 b+2=0 oe th=-2 9+ (-8) + 64 = 65 c+4=0 -4 Therefore T = a* +b? +c! = 65 - Is your solution right or wrong? - What knowledge in the lesson have you used? (memorable constant equation, Bezout theorem, the sum of the non-negative number is 0 © every term is 0 OD lew lessonLook and answer questions. - Divide into four groups and complete the following exercises, - Teacher gives studying sheets to students. (Students do all within 5 minutes) - Gives remarks to students’ answers What knowledge in the lesson have you used? * knowledge used: Problem 1: Choose the letter before the correct answer know that f(x) = 3x’ - 6x? +x - a divides x ~ 1. When the value of expression B = (a? + a -3)"” is: A4 B2 Or DI b) Let x, y, z satisfy simultaneously the = 0; following three conditions x? +2y + 1 ; 2 + 2x + 1 = 0, When the yrwt+le= value of expression P = x2! + y2!° + 22° ig AO B)1 o2 ©) Pair number (a; b) condition P(x) = ax‘ +bx* +1 divides Q(x) = (x - 1) is D)3 the A)1 B)2 ©)0 DY None of these 4) Call balance polynomial divided by polynomial P(x) = x +x°+x° +7 +x" for Q(x) = x - I is r. Balance of r cube divided by 100 is AS B20 C25 ~—-D) 30 Problem 2: How many positive integers n are n° - 8n’ + 20n - 13 prime numbers? Solution We have: n’ - 8n? + 20n - 13 = (n- 1)(n? - 7n +13) Because n’ - 8n? + 20n - 13 are prime =1 numbers, So mw -In+13 is a prime n-1 is a prime or n—Tn+13=1+) + Analysis polynomial into polynomial factor. +) Concept of _ prime number. - Do the following problem ~ Ask a student present before class then write on the board. Is there any other way to solve the problem? 1=1 vin=2 Tn+13 is a prime [n-1 is a prime Tn +13 Therefore n = 2; n= 3; n=4 then n - 8n? + 20n - 13 are prime numbers. Problem 3: Find the balance polynomial divided by polynomial P(x) =5 + x +x! + x? + x77 + x*! for polynomial Q(x) Solution We have: P(x) = 5 +5 x + (x3 - x) + (x°- x) +(x" -x) +(x*! x) = x(x? ~ 1) + x(x* - 1) + x07 - 1) tx - 1) + 5x45 Note that a” - b** + (a - b) from ne N. So xe lex? 1 ”. P(x) : Q(x) balance polynomial 5x + 5. Therefore balance polynomial divided by polynomial P(x) for polynomial Q(x) is 5x +5. Second way: Let balance polynomial divided by polynomial P(x) for polynomial Q(x) is R(x) = ax +b {a;b € R) We have: P(x) = (x? - 1). A(x) + ax +b (AG) is quotient polynomial). Apply the Bezout theorem, We have fore PC1)=-at+b=0 10Therefore balance polynomial divided by polynomial P(x) for polynomial Q(x) is 5x +5. imilar exercises: Find the balance polynomial divided by - Solve similar exercises. polynomial PQ) = x" 4 xP a x 4 x Ex + 1 for polynomial Q(x) IV) Consolidation: - What knowledge in the lesson have you used? + Memorable constant equation + Analysis polynomial into polynomial factor + Bezout theorem + The sum of the non-negative number is 0 © every term is 0 +A number is prime when it has only 2 factors. Y) Homework: - review all the exercises that we do today - Solve the following exercises: Question _1: Find the numbers of different positive integer triples (x; y: z) that satisfy equations x? + y - z= 100 and x + y?- z= 124, Question 2; Find the natural numbers x; y; z that satisfy the following conditions: a) S+y'=22 b) x+y +z:sa prime number Question 3: What is the smallest possible value of: a) P=x’+y’-x-y-xy, b) Q= 2 4 6y? - 3x + By + Oxy +2 W) KE .UAN V6i théi gian ging day lép Tiéng Anh nang cao chwa nhiéu, kién thite va phuong phap day Toan bang Tiéng Anh con han ché. Cac b6 mén hoc trong nha ‘tmaéng chura trién khai day bing Tiéng Anh din dén khi day nhiing bai tap c6 ulnoi dung lién quan dén Vat ly, Héa hoc...g4p nhiéu khé khan, Bude du ti ap dung phuong phép giing day trén, cac em hoc sinh da dan dan chi [165/10 (383 [12 462_—~‘| q Bén canh d, trong qua trinh giang day mon Todn 6 cdc lop 8. T61 nhan raring HS 6 lép Tiéng Anh nang cao cdc em duge hoe gidi Todn bang Tiéng Anh cé su van dung thanh thao hon trong qué trinh giai bai, cé ki nang giao tiép tét hon, nang dng hon, Cac em cé sy ty tin hon trong qué trinh di thi so vai hoc sinh cae lép khéc. Qua qué trinh ging day va hoc hoi déng nghiép t0i rit ra nhimng bai hoc kinh nghigm nhé sau 1) Gido vién phai tw nghién ciru tai ligu, tim hiéu ti méi qua tir dién, qua hé théng bai tap va qua mang Internet... Trau déi cho minh vén kién thie Tiéng Anh chuyén nganh @é cé di digu kign giai cdc bai todn 6 cdc dang bai khae nhau bang Tiéng Anh. 2) Déi véi cdc bai tap, gido vién phai cé ¥ thite trong viée dua ra hé thing bai tap tir dé dén khé, tir don gin dén phite tap nhim gitip hoc sinh ném va hiéu chac kién thire co ban dé hoc sinh himg tha, say mé, c6 théi quen va cé ky nang trinh bay bai toan bang Tiéng Anh. 3) Trong céng tac gidng day, ngudi gido vién chi trong cng téc phat hign ‘va boi dung 16 chat théng minh va van dung vao thye té cho hoc sinh. Phat huy su ty tin, ing dng, sng tao trong moi linh vite cho hoe sinh. Tuy nhién véi_kinh nghiém day Toan bang Tiéng Anh cita t6i cn han ché, kinh nghiém giai bai cia hoc sinh chua thye sy tré thinh ki ning. Hon nifa thoi 12