I N D U S T R I E S

L I M I T E D

EXIDE INDUSTRIES LTD.

WELCOMES YOU
PRESENTATION ON
INVERTER BATTERIES

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WHAT IS A BATTERY ?
A battery is an array of similar/identical objects
e.g. A battery of cannons
The battery, we are talking about is an electrical storage battery
comprising of an array of electrical storage cells

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What is an Electrical Storage

Cell ?
AN ELECTRICAL STORAGE CELL CONSISTS OF TWO DISSIMILAR
ELECTRODES IMMERSED IN AN ELECTROLYTE.
IT STORES ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN FORM OF CHEMICAL ENERGY.
WHEN THE CIRCUIT IS MADE BETWEEN ITS POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
ELECTRODES, THERE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION IN THE CELL AND IT
DELIVERS ELECTRICITY-DIRECT CURRENT (D.C) THROUGH THE
CIRCUIT.

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THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF

ELECTRICAL STORAGE CELLS

Primary cell or dry cell

Secondary cell

What is the difference between the two?

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FAMILY TREE OF ELECTRICAL STORAGE CELLS

Primary Cell
Litihium
Oxide

Ammonium
Chloride

Secondary Cell
Silver
Oxide

Alkaline
Cells
Ni Cad

Lead Acid
Cells
NiFe
SLI or
Automotive

Standby

VRLA

Fiat Pasted

Tubular

Industrial

Motive Power

Plante

Traction

Train
Lighting

Diesel
Starter

EMU

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WHAT IS A LEAD ACID BATTERY

BASIC ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION PARTICIPANTS :
_

LEAD DIOXIDE

SOFT LEAD

H2S04 - ELECTROLYTE

POSITIVE ELECTRODE

: PbO2

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE

: Pb

ELECTROLYTE

: H2SO4

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HOW DOES A LEAD ACID BATTERY WORK ?

Charged
+ve
Pbo2 +
Lead
peroxide

-ve
Pb
+
Spongy
Lead

electrolyte
2H2SO4
Dilute
Sulphuric
Acid

Discharged
+ve
PbSO4 +
Lead
Sulphate

-ve
PbSO4 + 2H2O
Lead
Water
Sulphate

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TYPES OF PLATES
A. Positive

Plante Type

Cast out of 99.99% pure Lead

Has a fine lamaellar structure

Flat Pasted Type

Grid holds the active material and

carries the current

Tubular Type

Red lead (Pb3O4) and Grey oxide (PbO)

mixture is filled in tubes and spine of leadalloy runs through the centre of entire tube
length. Tube retails the active material
firmly and spine carries the current

B. Negative

Flat pasted type always

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Plant Positive and Negative Plates

Negative Plate

Positive Plate

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PASTED PLATES

CHARGE / DISCHARGE CYCLES

FAILURE BY SHEDDING
MAXIMUM 200 CYCLES

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FEATURES OF AUTOMOTIVE
FLAT PLATE

GRID

- (CURRENT COLLECTOR) CAST

INTO A LATTICE STRUCTURE

ACTIVE MATERIAL - PASSED ON TO THE LATTICE

SUITED FOR :
*

HIGH CURRENT DISCHARGE

SHORT BACKUP TIME (SHALLOW) DISCHARGE

NON-CYCLIC APPLICATION

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LUG

TUBE

BOTTOM BAR
Y
CONSTRUCTION OF TUBULAR
POSITIVE PLATE

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RESIN SHEATH

SPINE

ACTIVE MATERIAL

TUBE

SPINE (LEAD ALLOY)

ACTIVE MATERIAL
(LEAD OXIDE)
TUBE
RESIN CURED
(TERYLENE GAUNTLET)

BOTTOM BAR

SECTION YY

SECTION XX

CONSTRUCTION OF TUBULAR POSITIVE PLATE (contd.)

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FEATURES OF TUBULAR POSITIVE

*

GRID

- CAST IN THE FORM OF A

SERIES OF RODS (SPINES)
ATTACHED TO A COMMON
BAR

ACTIVE MATERIAL - PHYSICALLY PACKED AROUND

SPINE AND RETAINED IN POSITION
BY A SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
JACKET (GAUNTLET)

SUITED FOR :
*

EXTENDED BACKUP TIME (DEEP) DISCHARGE

* CYCLIC (REPEATED CHARGE DISCHARGE)

APPLICATION

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Advantages of Tubular Plate

1.

GAUNTLET TUBES ENSURE NO SHEDDING

2.

BETTER UTILISATION OF ACTIVE MATERIAL

3.

LOWER RATE OF CORROSSION OF THE SPINES SURROUNDED

BY ACTIVE MATERIAL

4,

BEST FOR CYCLING DUTY

5.

MOST ROBUST IN ABUSIVE SERVICE CONDITIONS LIKE HIGH

TEMPERATURE , FREQUENT DEEP DISCHARGES ETC.

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Function of a Battery in an Inverter

O

I
Converter

Inverter

Battery
THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE BATTERY IS TO ENSURE UNINTERRUPTED
AND REGULATED POWER AT OUTPUT DURING MAINS FAILURE OR DIP IN
THE INPUT VOLTAGE

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What do we expect from an Inverter Battery?

Reliability
Zero or Low Maintenance
Abuse Resistant
Common Abuses - Frequent Deep Discharges
High Ambient Temperature
Irregular Maintenance
Long Life
Zero emission of gases
Low footprint
No Acid nuisance
Value for Money

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What makes a battery Low Maintenance?

Low Antimony Alloy
Microporous Ceramic vent Plug
Tall Container
higher acid head room
huge electrolyte reservoir

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LOW MAINTENANCE
(HOW IT IS ACHIEVED)

LOW ANTIMONY ALLOYLESS ELECTROLYSIS LESS WATER LOSS

MICROPOROUS VENT PLUG

BIGGER CONTAINER WITH MORE

ELECTROLYTE / HIGH ACID HEAD ROOM

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HOW CERAMIC VENT PLUG WORKS ?

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What makes a battery Abuse Resistant?

Tubular Plate with special gauntlet tubes

Patented Active Material
Special Separators
High Volume of Electrolyte

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WHY EXIDE ?
We have a battery for every need
( And

, for any budget ... almost!!! )

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ADVANTAGE EXIDE

Complete Range
Widest Sales and Service Network
Collective wisdom of supplying batteries in India for
over 5 decades
Global Standard of manufacturing & Quality Control
Socially Committed Corporate Citizen
ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 certified

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Our Inverter Battery Range

L E A D A C ID
TU BU LAR

FLAT PLATE

VR LA

EL TU BU LAR

IN V A Q U E E N
&
IN V A K IN G

IN V A S A F E

IN V A T U B U L A R
IN V A R E D

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Choose The Right Battery

THE BATTERY THAT LASTS 3 TIMES LONGER

TYPE

FEATURE

ADVANTAGE

EXIDE
TUBULAR
RANGE

Robust tubular
design
Ceramic vent
plug
Low antimony
alloy
Tall
container(select
range)
PE Envelope
Separator
Through Partition
Intercell
connection

Best Battery for Deep

Cycling
No-problem battery
even at high
temperature
Less water Loss
No Side Shorts
Better voltage profile
at high current
discharge

BENEFIT

Most Reliable
Long Life
Abuse Resistant
Minimum
maintenance (
topping up once or
twice /year)

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RELATIVE MERITS OF EXIDE TUBULAR BATTERIES VIS-A-VIS

FLAT PASTED AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES
FEATURES

EXI DE TUBULAR

FLAT PASTED
AUTO BATTS

LIFE SPAN

5 YEARS

2-3 YEARS

APPLICATION

BEST FOR PROLONGED

DISCHARGES

FOR S.L.I APPLICATION

DISCHARGE
PERFORMANCE

SUITABLE FOR DAILY DEEP

DISCH.

NOT SUITABLE

PLATES

TUBULAR POSITIVE PLATES.

POLYESTER TUBES ELIMINATE
POSSIBLITY OF ACTIVE
MATERIAL SHEDDING DURING
SERVICE

ACTIVE MATERIAL IS PASTED TO

LEAD ALLOY GRID. UNEVEN
CONTRACTION & EXPANSION
BETWEEN ACTIVE MATERIAL &
GRID DISLODGES THE ACTIVE
MATERIAL DURING SERVICE

RE-CHARGE

QUICK RECHARGE

LOW RECHARGE

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RELATIVE MERITS OF EXIDE TUBULAR BATTERIES VIS-A-VIS

FLAT PASTED AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES
FEATURES

EXI DE TUBULAR

FLAT PASTED
AUTO BATTS

QTY OF LEAD
USED

25% HIGHER THAN FLAT PLATE

CELLS

--

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT

CERAMIC VENT PLUGS REDUCE

DISTILLED WATER TOPPING
UPT TO ONCE IN 6 MONTHS
UNDER NORMAL USER

NEEDS FREQUENT
TOPPING UP.

MONITORING

FLOAT INDICATOR

ACID LEVEL CAN

BE CHECKED BY
OPENING VENT
PLUGS FOR HARD
RUBBER BATTS

RESISTANCE TO ABUSE

CAN BE MAINTAINED OVER

LONG PERIOD ON HIGH
CHARGE

SENSITIVE TO
OVER CHARGE
DEEP DISCHARGE
& LONG DISCHARGE
PERIODS

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RELATIVE MERITS OF EXIDE TUBULAR BATTERIES VIS-A-VIS

FLAT PASTED AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES
FEATURES

EXI DE TUBULAR

FLAT PASTED
AUTO BATTS

TRICKLE CHARGE

FOR STANDBY APPLICATIONS

MAY BE MAINTAINED
CONTINUOUSLY ON TRICKLE
CHARGE WITH REDUCING LIFE
SPAN.

CONTINUOUS
TRICKLE CHAREGE
AFFECTS BATTERY
LIFE.

RELIABILITY

TIME TESTED PROVEN

EXCELLENCE OF OVER 15 YEARS
IN INVERTORS & UPS SYSTEMS.
USERS HAVE OBTAINED LIFE
SPAN OF 5-7 YEARS & MORE

DEGRADATION OF
BATTERY CAPACITY
REDUCING
EFFECTIVE
OPERATIVE LIFE.

GUARANTEE

24 MONTHS

6-12 MONTHS.

COST BENEFITS

THOUGH INITIAL COSE IS MORE

CHEAPER IN LONG RUN,
LASTING 3 TIMES LINGER THAN
FLAT PLATE BATTERIES.

--

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SELECTION CRITERIA OF A BATTERY

PRIMARY FACTORS

CURRENT LOAD

BACKUP TIME

MINIMUM VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS OF

THE SYSTEM

THE LOWEST EXPCETED OPERATING

TEMPERATURE.

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SELECTION CRITERIA OF A BATTERY

SECONDARY FACTORS

EXPECTED FREQUENCY OF DISCHARGE

DEPTH OF DISCHARGE

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

METHOD OF CHARGING, CONSTRAINT IF ANY

LIMITATION ON SPACE

MAINTENANCE LIMITATIONS

FLOOR LOADING

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SAMPLE BATTERY CAPACI TY SELECTI ON

CAPACITIES AND FINAL CELL VOLTAGE AT

VARIOUS RATES OF DISCHARGE AT 27 DEG C
RATE OF
DISCHARGE

C 10

CAPACITY
END VOLTAGE
EXPECTED AT
VOLTS
% OF C10 CAPACITY
100.00

1.80

EXI DE I NVARED TUBULAR BATTERI ES (I NVARED 500)

DATA

UPS RATI NG
: 200 VA
BATTERY VOLTAGE : 12 V
UPS EFFI CI ENCY : 75%
POWER FACTOR
: 0.8
END VOLTAGE
: 1.80 * 6 = 10.8
LOAD PATTERN
: FULL LOAD

DI SCHARGE CURRENT = (200 x 0.8)

(10.8 x 0.75)
= 19.75 AMPS
For 3 hr back up upto 1.80 VPC discharge capacity obtained is 90AH.

C5

83.30

1.80

(Refer catalogue PHX/ I R/ P1/ 5K\ 05-2003)

C3

71.70

1.80

THE ACTUAL LOAD BEI NG LESS THAN DI SCHARGE CURRENT AT C-3

UNDER THE ABOVE LOAD CYCLE THE BATTERY BACK UP WI LL BE MI NI MUM
3 HRS.

C1

50.00

1.75

DI SCHARGE CURRENT @ C-3 = 90/ 3 = 30 AMPS

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THANK YOU

I N D U S T R I E S

L I M I T E D

Exide INVARED
FEATURES
ROBUST TUBULAR PLATES
DEEP CYCLE DESIGN - 600-700 CYCLE AT 80% DOD
LOW MAINTENANCE
FITTED WITH ELECTROLYTE LEVEL INDICATOR
ABUSE RESISTANT
FASTER RECHARGABILITY
MANUFACTURED IN ISO 9001 & IS014001 CERTIFIED FACTORIES