AS 3785.5—1998 Australian Standard” Underground mining— Shaft equipment Part 5: Headframes j 3 5 i é éLUcenaed to Jerzy Konopka on 29 Jan 2004.7 usar personal ver cenoe ony. Sorage, dstrbtion or use on network profits ‘This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/IS, Mining Equipment. Ie was approved on behalf of the Couneil of Standards Australia on 10 July 1998 and Published on $ October 1998. ‘The following interests arc represented on Committee MBYI8: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Australian Chamber of Commeree and Industry ‘Australian Coal Associ Bureau of Stcel Manufacturers of Australia ‘Chamber of Minerals and Bnergy of Western Australia Department of Mineral Resources, New South Wales Department of Minerals and Energy, Western Australia Department of Mines and Energy. Queensland Depattment of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria Institution of Engineers, Australia Instirution of Mining Engineers Minerats Council of Australia Ministry of Commerce, New Zealand South Australian Chamber of Mines and Energy ‘Testing Interests (Australia) ‘Workplace Standards Authority, Tasmania eri of Austaton Standards, To kep anes of progress ts Ausra Sonar are abet terra ot ado kw te te fe afamenbnens neta eae Inorn sere Stoned toes ne Ot eee pesto fhe ket i. ad HP of el avalon Senda wd related publication wil be eae inthe Standards Ausra ‘Caolcwe of Pubcatons: tis formation i suplemented each man byte mtcine The Mtr Standart hi nbd mentor ec oad wich ies dead of nev: publication: new etn ‘ged ene, ae of withde Stand Stapetion fo inprovtment to tration dal, eed ot head ace of Sears Aasralis fandom Notation ef an inccurcy or amgn fou na Atalay Sod sho be de ‘ito dlay nner ths the mater may he invert sated wd propriate ato taken ‘This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 95456,[cers to Jerzy Kenopka on 29 Jan 2004, 1 user preonal usr scence ony, Storage, dstbuton or use on network profits AS 3785.5—1998 Australian Standard” Underground mining— Shaft equipment Part 5: Headframes Published by Standards Australia (Standards Association of Australia) 1 The Crescent, Homebush, NSW 2140 ae (SBN 0 7307 21788[conse to Jerzy Kenopka on 79 Jan 2004.1 user personal usr scence ony. Storage, dstrbuton or use on network prohibits AS 37888-1998 2 PREFACE, ‘This Standard was prepared by the Standard Australia Committee ME/I8, Mining Equipment, to supersede AS 3785.5—1991 ‘The Standard is one of the following series, which deals with mine shaft equipment and promotes the safety of shaft equipment in underground mines: AS 3785 Underground mining —Shaft equipment 3785.1 Part 1: Drum winding overwind safety catch systems 3785.2 Part 2: Prietion winding arresting systems 3785.3 Part 3: Drum winding gripper systems 3785.4 Part 4: Conveyances for vertical shafts 3785.5 Part $: Headframes (this Standard) 3785.6 Parl 6: Guides and rubbing ropes for conveyances 3785.7 Part 7: Sheaves 3785.8 Part 8: Personnel conveyances in other than vertical shafts Significant changes from the previous edition include the deletion of the definition for “special load’ and amendments to the following Clauses: 12 Referenced documents 2.2.1 Self-weight loads 2.3.7 Bin and chute loads 2.4.2 Operating rope toads 2.6 Wind loads 2.7 Earthquake loads 3.1 Structural design 3.2 Partial load factors 3.3 Load combinations 3.4 Stiffness 3.6 Stability {© Copyright ~ STANDARDS AUSTR: User of Standards are reminded tht copyright ssi in all Standards Awxtale pablcntony ani gftware, Bscep whove the ope et alsa egeyWave ple iw ho pnw sae pce by Santis Al aye {etvonce, stored in'» revel spe Many form or tasked by ny meas. weton pir prison ia eng on ‘Silane Asta. Perms Toa be conical on 2 appropiate yay onymet Requests fr Dertsson an aftaation fon cruneral safer royale sud be rete wo the head ce of Sanda Aus Siadas Avstaia wil pemit up to 10 percent of the techaical coment pages of Slanad to be copied for wie Sielasvelyicheuse by purchases fhe Standard witht payin! oft royal er wie te Stanlnks Ansa, Standards Avsali wl uo pei the inion of as copyright atria in exnpblr sofware progam fr m0 ryahy opment presided ech progansate sed excuses sachets by he erestre of te pgs {Ge should be taka oer that sates seis fom the eure eon ofthe Standard and that it update whenever the Standart amended verve The mabe td ae ft Sanda al este be chee Nei omer. with or wihowt payment. oF in by Suede Assia aan cn “Thee of meer in pref ofa computer sere progsims i be sed onumetil oneet subj othe payment os roy Tk poly hay Be 9LUcensed to Jerzy Konopka on 29 Jan 2004, + user personal usr cence only, Storage, stibution or use en network prohiie, 3 AS 3785 5— 1998 CONTENTS, Page SECTION | SCOPE AND GENERAL. 11 SCOPE i : 4 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. 4 1.3. DEFINITIONS a 14 NOTATION 1 SECTION 2 LOAD CALCULATIONS 2.1 GENERAL, : 9 2.2 DEAD LOADS (W¥%,) : 9 2.3 LIVE LOADS (W%,) 10 2.4 WORKING LOADS (W,) eee etal 2.5 EMERGENCY LOADS (W,,) uN 2.6 WIND LOADS (Wy) a i : 12 2.7, BARTHQUAKE LOADS (Wo) 12 2.8 FOOTING SETTLEMENT LOADS (W,,) 7 ' 12 2.9 TEMPERATURE EFFECT LOADS (W/a..) 2 SECTION 3. DESIGN 3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 2 : \4 3.2. PARTIAL LOAD FACTORS 14 3.3. LOAD COMBINATIONS eat i 14 3.4 STIFFNESS 16 3.5. VIBRATION ......... : 6 3.6 STABILITY 16 3.7. PLATFORM AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS .. i 16 3.8 FOOTING SETTLEMENT 16 3.9 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, ee s - 16ree ony. Storage strbuton ous on network pried Lcensed Jey Konopka on 29 an 2004. user personal se AS 37855 —1998 4 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Underground mining—Shaft equipment Part 5: Headtrames SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies design requirements for headframes and skyshafts, for use on mine winding installations, 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1170 Minimum design loads on structures (known as the SAA Loading Code) 1170.1 Part 1: Dead and live loads and load combinations 1170.2 Part 2: Wind loads 1170.4 Part 4: Earthquake loads 1418 Cranes (including hoists and winehes) 1418.1 Part 1: General requirements 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders—Design, construction and installation 1720 Timber structures 1720.1 Part 1: Design methods 2670 Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration 2670.1 Part 1: General requirements 2670.2 Part 2: Continuous and shock-induced vibration in buildings (1 to 80 Hz) 2670.3 Patt 3: Evaluation of exposure (0 whole-body Z-axis vertical vibration in the frequency range 0.1 to 0.63 Hz 3600 Conerete structures 3785 Underground mining —Shaft equipment 3785.6 Part 6: Guides and rubbing ropes for conveyances 3990 Mechanical equipment-—Steelwork 4100 Steel structures ASINZS 1664 Aluminium Structures 1664.1 Limit state design 1664.2 Allowable stress design 1.3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 13.1 Arresting distance—the distance between the point of entry and the point of impact. 1.3.2 Arrestor anchor—the anchor that fixes an arrestor to 9 headframe or skyshaft copyRiaHTLUoensed n Jerzy Kenopka on 29 Jan 2006. user personal use lesnde ony. Storage ditributon or use on network probe 5 AS 3745.5— 1008 1.3.3, Balance rope—one or more wire ropes connecting the undersides of a pair of 1,34 Collar level—the top of a shat 1.35 Conveyance—a cat, carriage, cage, skip, kibble or stage, in which persons, minerals or materials aye wound through a mine shaft, and any counterweight. 1.3.6 Conveyance design load—the weight of a fully loaded conveyance, ineluding the weight of attachments and the appropriate portion of the balance ropes but excluding the weight of the winding rope 1.3.7 Conveyance rope attachments—an assembly of components used to connect the ‘ends of winding rope or balance rope to a conveyance. 1.38 Dead toad—the total weight of a permanent construction, together with all permanently installed equipment and services supported by the structure, NOTE: For tower headframes, winders and associated equipment are deemed to be dead lous, 1.3.9 Drum winder—a winder having a driven drum of circular cross-section, which acts as a rope coiler and anchors one end of the rope. NOTE: Such drums may be cylindrical, conical or eylindro-conical 1.3.10 Earthquake load—the forces on a headframe or skyshaft resulting from seismic action, 1.3.11 Fleet angle—the angle formed between the line of a rope and the normal at its point of incidence on the drum or sheave, measured in the plane of the rope, NOTE; It is intended that this definition be applied only to ground-mounted drum winders 1.3.12 Footing—that part of a structure that is in direct contact with the supporting foundation and transmitting load to it, 13.13 Foundation—soil or rock, either built up or natural, upon which & structure is supported, 1.3.16 Friction winder—a winder with one or more drive pulleys that drives the winding rope by friction developed between the rope and the drive pulley. 1.3.15 Headframe—a structure, including its footings, that is designed to withstand the loads in a mine winding system (see Figure 1), 1.3.16 Integrated headframe—a structure that has the skyshaft structurally connected {o the headirame and supports the conveyance guides. 1.3.17 Overwind safety catch anchor—the anchor that fixes the overwind safety cate oa headframe or skyshat, 1.3.18 Point of entry—the lowest position of an ascending conveyance in a headframe ‘or skyshaft at which lowering of the conveyance is prevented by an overwind safety catch system (see Figure 1) 1.3.19 Point of impact—the lowest position of a conveyance in a headframe or skyshaft during an overwind where further upward movement is prevented (see Figure 1), 1.3.20. Rope break foree—the minimum breaking force of a rope, as given in a catalogue or specification of the rope manufacturer 1.3.21 Rope end foad—the total static load on the end of a winding rope, where it altaches to the conveyance 1.3.22 Rope guide anchor—the anchor of a conveyance guide rope that is fixed to the headframe or skyshaf 13.23 § all —indicates that a statement is mandatory. COPYRIGHTiosege ay. Storage, dtibuten of use en nebo prohite, LUcensed to verzy Konopka on 29 Jan 2004, 1 user personal As a78s5 1998 6 1.3.24 Should—indi 1.3.28 Skyshaft—a structure, including its footings, that is primarily designed to Support conveyance guides above & shaft collar and to withstand impact loads resulting from an overwind, les a recommenciation 1.3.26 Stall torque—the maximum torque attainable in a winder drive motor, when the mounted safety devices are not functioning. 13.27. Statutory authority—the authority having statulory powers t approve the design of a headtrame or skyshaft in the State or Territory within the Commonwealth of Australia where i is to be used. 1.3.28 Tower headframe—a headframe that has a winder mounted at or near the top of a structure, 1.3.29 Wind load—the [oad on a headframe or skyshaft resulting from wind pressure, 3.30 Winder—a machine primarily used for raising and lowering conveyances in a mine shaft by means of winding rope. 1.3.31 Winding rope—one or more wire ropes connecting a winder to the top of @ conveyance. NOTE: For a conveyance that hay more than one rope altached 10 ile lop, these ropes are considered to be the one rope. 2, Working load—the load transmitted to a headframe or skyshaft from a normal winding operation of a conveyance in the shaft. r-Hoadsheave or drive pulley fovated in headtrame Point of impact ardsing ‘ten? |— winding Self-weight loads 232 we Conveyance rope-guide loads 223 Wr Permanently mounted equipment loads 224 we ‘Crash beam anchor guy pre-tension loads a3ant2s | my Live lads: 232 wy, Floor live lode 233 Wee Crane ad ost loads 23 We Platforn and sttrway loads 235 w Conveyance chairing loads 236 w Rope changing loads 237 Woe Bin and chute loads 2dand 24.1 | Wy | Working loads: 242 Ww, Operating rope loads 243 w, ‘Conveyance guide leads aaa W, ‘Towermounted winder loads 245 We Conveyance loadingfantouding loads 246 we Inclined shaft conveyance hal loads 25and25.1 | Waa | Emergency loads 232 we Rope bres loses 283 ws pevial loade asa w Impact erash loads 26 w, | Wine tous aa Wig | Barthquake loads 28 Woe | Booting setement toads 29 Wane | Temperature effects loas 2.2 DEAD LOADS (Wy) 2.2.1 Self-weight loads (W,) Self-weight loads shall be determined in accordance with AS 1170.1. Where any bin or chute is permanently fixed to the headframe ot skyshaft, the self-weight loads of the whole of the bin or chute together with its support structure and ‘dead material shall be taken into account, 2.2.2 Conveyance rope-guide loads (W.,) Where conveyance rope guides are suspended from the headframe or skyshaft, the conveyance rope guide load (F,.) shall be taken as being applied vertically to each rope guide, where— Fz = Fy / (minimum factor of safety specified by the statutory authority) 1 NOTE: For impact crash design loading combinations, F', should be used, which should take io account the self weight of the rope guide plus any attached weights COPYRIGHTruse on network oritited LUeersed to very Konopk on 28 Jan 2004, 1 user personal ver Seance ony. Stage, tb Asan s—i998 0 2.2.3 Permanently mounted equipment loads (W,..) Any equipment that is Permanently mounted on the headframe or skyshaft shall be considered as dead loud, 2.2.4 Crash beam anchor guy pre-tension loads (W,,) Where anchor guys are fitted to hold dowa the structure in the event of a crash, the pre-tension forces shall be taken into consideration. The pre-tension crash beam anchor guy force (F.,) shall be calculated for each anchor guy. 2.3. LIVE LOADS (W,) 2.3.1 General Live loads shall not include working loads and eme ney loads. 2.3.2 Floor loads (Wy,) Floor live loads shall be determined in accordance with AS 1170.1 2.3.3 Crane and hoist loads (Wey) Crane and hoist loads shall be determined in accordance with AS 1418.1. The Crane or hoist shall be either fully loaded to safe working load or unloaded, whichever induces the more adverse loading on the structure 2.34 Platform and stairway loads (Wp,) Platform and stairway live loads shall be determined in accordance with AS 1170.1 and AS 1657, A concentrated load of not less than the weight of the heaviest head sheave shall be considered to be applied to each head sheave maintenance platform, 2.3.5 Conveyance chairing loads (W.,) Where one of more conveyances are to be chaired or supported by a headirame or skyshaft, the headframe or skyshaft shall be designed to support the weight of the chaired conveyances (F.,), each of which is fully loaded to its design load. 2.3.6 Rope changing loads (W,,) Where a structure is to be used (@ take load while conveyance ropes are changed, it shall be designed to support such loads, 2.3.7 Bins and chute loads (W.y,)_ Where any bin or chute is permanently fixed to the headtrame or skyshaft, the loads from live material in the bin or chute shall be taken into account. Except for stability, such live material loads shall be determined with the bin or chute fall to normal operating levels under the most adverse material flow properties ‘The impact forces that arise from the discharge of conveyance contents into such bins and chutes shall be taken into account. NOTE: For stabitity calculations, refer to Clause 3.6. 24 WORKING LOADS (W,,) 2.4.1 General All working loads for winders that are associated with the structure shall be considered. The working (i.e. normal operating) loads resulting from operation of the winder shall be combined to give the most adverse loadings on the structure. For a skyshaft, the only working load (0 be taken into consideration is the conveyance guide load 2.4.2 Operating rope loads (W,,) Each conveyance shall be considered to be either fully loaded or empty, whichever induces the more adverse loading on the structure. The design-operating rope load (F,,) shall be considered to act on the structure and shall be calculated using the following equation: F ‘y= YX (rope end load + rope weight) 2 where (@)_¥-= 1.5 for stability calculations, where the rope resultant force falls outside the line of the headframe back legs (because it is a more adverse loading for the headframe stability) (b) Y= I where (a) above does not apply copvricHTLUcensed to Jerzy Konopka on 29 Jan 2004, 1 ueer personal usar Leen ony, Storage, dstibuton cr use on network roid " AS 3745 5—1998 24.3 Conveyance guide loads (W,) Conveyance guide loads (1¥,) shall be determined in accordance with AS 3785.6 2.44 Tower-mounted winder loads (Wiq,) The following loads, which may be ‘cumulative, shall be considered: (@) Winder brake loads, which shall be equal to twice the maximum braking load applied to each winder. (b) Winder starting loads as calculated from the starting torques for euch winder drive motor. 2.45 Conveyance loading/unloading loads (Wy,3) ‘The forces caused by loading and unloading the conveyance during normal conveyance operation (Fiqa) shall be considered 2.4.6 Inclined shaft conveyance haul loads (Wj) Where the weight of a conveyance during normal operation of the winder is supported by a headframe that has an inclined shaft, the effects of the loading on the headframe from such a haulage (W,.) shall be considered 2.8 EMERGENCY LOADS (W,.) 2.8.1 General Emergency loads, including rope break loads, special loads and impact crash loads, shall not apply; except where arresters or crash beams are fitted, in which case special loads or impact crash loads complying with Clauses 2.5.2 10 2.5.4 apply. 2.8.2 Rope break loads (W.,) It shall be assumed that an ascending conveyance winding rope attached to the {op of a conveyance can instantaneously break in the event of the conveyance jamming in the shaft or within an integrated headframe. It shall be fssumed that only one conveyance can jam at one time. Where a conveyance has more than one winding tope sash sal as that al ropes easiness such eases, the rope break load shall be taken as being the stm oF the design rope Break Toads of the ropes attached to the conveyance. See Figure 2 and the following. for examples of design rope break Toads and theit associated design-generated rope Toads (Ascending conveyance design loads The ascending conveyance rope design lads for a headframe shall be as follows: The design rope break load (F4) forthe case of one winder associated with a headframe Fy = 1.2 x rope break force (see Clause 1.3.20) | 3 Gi) For more than one winder associated with a headframe, the winder having the most adverse loading effect on the headframe shall have its ascending rope loaded to the design rope break load (F,,) and all other ascending ropes shall have the design operating rope load (F.,) applied, (0) Descending conveyance rope design loads A design-generated load in multiple drum and friction winders shall be assumed to be applied in the descending conveyance ropes. The descending conveyance rope design load (F’,) for a hheadframe shall be as follows: (For a single-drum winder, the descending conveyance rope design load shall be 210, (ii) For a double-drum winder, the design-generated rope load (F’,) shall be equal For one friction winder associated with a headframe, the design-generated rope load (F”,) shall be calculated as follows: coPYRIGHTLUvenaed to Jerzy Konopia en 29 Jan 2004, 1 user peaonal wer leende only. Storage, sition or use en network profited. AS 37885—1998 n where X = eM, subject to a maximum of 3 Ff = coefficient of friction between the rope and the drive pulley under normal service conditions @ angle of wrap of the rope on the drive pulley, in radians (iv) For more than one winder associated with a headframe, the winder having the most adverse loading effect on the headframe shall have its descending rope loaded to the design-generated rope load (",) and all other descending ropes shall have the design operating rope loud (F) applied 2.8.3 Special loads (W,,) A special emergency load (F,) may operate under emergency conditions. Special emergency loads shall include conveyance overrun loads and winder drive-motor stall torque as follows (2) Conveyance overrun loads The conveyance overrun toad on a conveyance (F,) shall be applied either up or down ftom the arrestor anchors, detaching plates or bells, whichever gives the most adverse loading condition. If applicable, the load on the overwind safety catches (F,) shall be applied. (Winding drivermotor stall torque louds In a tower headframe, the forees generated by winder drive morors under stall torque conditions. shall_be resisted by the hheadframe. Where more than one winder is mounted on & headframe, only the one stall torque that affects the headframe the most adversely shall be considered to act 2.54 Impact crash loads (Wig) Where detaching plates, bells or crash beams are fixed to a structure, the impaet conveyance crash load (F.,) shall be applied as a static load at the point of impact. Where more than one ascending conveyance is associated with a headframe, only the ascending conveyance that causes the most adverse loading on the headframe shall be considered when applying the impact crash load. Each other ascending conveyance shall have the design operating rope load (Fy) applied Consideration shall be given to the load from any associated descending conveyance. 2.6 WIND LOADS (Wy) Wind toads shall be determined in accord AS 1170.2 (also, refer to Clause 3.3) with 2.7 EARTHQUAKE LOADS (Wyg) Earthquake loads shall be determined in accordance with AS 11704, For earthquake ¢ coefficient shall be not I lant designs, the importance factor shall be 1.0 and the acceleration than 0,08. 2.8 FOOTING SETTLEMENT LOADS (W,,) Loads induced in the structure from footing settlements shall be considered. 2.9 TEMPERATURE EFFECT LOADS (W,,.,) Loads induced in the structure from temperature effects shall be considered ‘coPYRIGHTLUceraed to ergy Kenop en 29 Jan 2004.1 user personal wer leence ony, Storage, tition or use an network profited 8 AS 376551998 Headshesve located in heagirame Winder rum Rotation _- Recending conveyance: /-Drive pulley located in headtcame /-Desoending conveyance: Wrap angle “h~Rotation locates is 4 Hesdsheave heagtrame {a) Groune-mauntes Fie dum winger Detlection sheave lit roquireat Fel Collar tbrace) level Drive putay./ J} Ascending conveyance : Wrap angie a! - Descending conveyance |} Balance rope [| Shalt bottom — {1 Tower-mounted (el Ground-mounted friction winder friction winder FIGURE 2 EXAMPLES OF ROPE BREAK LOADS coPYRIGHTLLeensed to erey Keron on 28 Jan 2004.1 usar personal usr fesnoe ony. Storage irbuton or use on network prohiited AS 3785 5—1998 4 SECTION 3 DESIGN 3.4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN A headframe and skyshaft shall be stable, safe and serviceable for the design loading combinations specified herein ‘The design method for the design of a structure or part thereof shall be a limit state design method, an ultimate strength design method or a working stress design method ‘The structure shall comply with the applicable design and serviceability requirements of ASINZS 1664.1, ASINZS 1664.2, AS 1720.1, AS 3600, AS 3990 and AS 4100, as appropriate. ‘The design loadings, loading combinations and load factors specified in these Standards shall be replaced by those specified in Tables 2 and 3 and Clause 3.3 herein, The load combinations given in AS 1170.1 shall not apply to this Standard, 32 PARTIAL LOAD FACTORS The partial load factors given in Table 3 shall be Used in the loading combinations of Clause 3.3. The working stress design load factors shall also be used for serviceability calculations. TABLE 3 PARTIAL LOAD FACTORS Type of loading oad factor (see also Table 21) Symmbor Uspasp ws Deal leeds (Wa) we Maximum dead loods Las 10 Minimom dead load (or stability) ow oe Live toads (,) % Sability oo 00 ‘Temperature loads Ma Lo Che ive loads 16 to Working loads (Way) Ya Applicable operating Toads Ls Lo Stability and upward loads 08 06 gency Loads Wa) Yen Destabilizing Toads (for stability is Lo ‘leavin | Stabilizing loads (for stabiicy 08 os alelations) margeney loads for other than 1.05 on ‘ubiity caeuttions ‘Wind loads (W.) (see Clause 2.6) % io Lo Barthguake loads (Wig) ise to 07. LEGEND: ESD = limit sate design USD = ulimate stengih design WSD = working sess des 3.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS Load combinations shall be caleulated for emergency load conditions, working load conditions and stability. The design combination load (Fy) for each case shall be calculated for the most adverse effect on the structure, using the following equation: F con + Wow 5 Worto + Mita + Warton + We copYRiGHTlon or se on network prehibtes. Uoensed lo JerayKenopka on 29 Jan 2008.1 user personal usrlioence only. Sore. di Is AS 578551998 Table 2 lists the possible applicable dead, tive, working and emergency loads Calculations for the design load combinations on a structure shall take into account the following: (a) Por emergency load combinations other than stability (@) —Ploor, platform and stairway tive loads (W,) shall be taken to be zero. Gi) Wind toad (W,) shall be based on a wind speed of not less than 20 mvs. ii) Working load (W,.) shall consist only of design operating rope loads (F) (iv) Bins and chutes shall be assumed to be either full or empty, whichever induces the more adverse loading on the structure. shall be determined in accordance with Clause 2.5; however, except for live loads as specified by Clause 2.3, only one emergency load shall be taken to act for any one design load and the emergency load chosen shall be the one that gives the most adverse loading combination. (v) Emergency loads (vi) For drum winder integrated headframes that have crash beams fitted, the impact conveyance crash load (F.,) and the design rope break load ( be taken to be acting together. Where crash beams are not fitted, th conveyance crash load and the design rope break load shall be co: act separately, (vii) For impact crash design and upward emergency loading combin: ‘minimum allowable conveyance rope-guide design tension load (F”) shall replace the maximum conveyance rope-guide load (F.4). where— ie (b) For working ({.e, normal operating) load combinations: 1.0 x [(rope end load) + (rope weight)] (Emergency loads shall be zero. Gi) Imposed loads, which are the sum of wind loads and live loads, shall be multiplied by a reduction factor, where the reduction factor equals the following: (A) 1.0 for the maximum imposed load. (B) 0.75 for the other imposed loads. Gil) Wind load (W,) shall be based on a wind speed of not less than 20 mis; except that where the hoisting operation is expected to continue in periods of high wind, W, shall be based on the relevant value given in AS 1170.2. Noes: | Earthquake loads can replace wind loads as an imposed load, 2 Dead loads are specified in Clause 2.2. 3° Working loads are specified in Clause 2.4 (©) For stability calculations, the design loadings shown in Table 2 shall be separated into those {ending to cause instability and those tending to eesist instability. The partial Toad factors shown in Table 3 shall be applied to design Toads, Live Toads (W,) shall be taken to be zero. The ratio of the loads tending (0 resist instability to those tending to cause instability shall comply with the requirements of Clause 3.6, (a) Barthquake toads (Wye) as specified in AS 1170.4 shall replace wind loads (W,) where this gives a more adverse design loading combination, (e) For loading combinations that contain upwards emergency loads or are used for stability calculations, the load factor for minimam dead load shall be used. coPYRIGHTLUcersed to Jerry Kenopia on 29 Jan 2004, t uaorptconal user cence only, Storage, stibuton or use en network poh. AS 3785 5—1998 6 34 STIFENI 31 Sidesway Under design loading or loading combinations specified by Clause 3.3, ‘which excludes emergency Toads, the stiffness of the headframe or skyshaft shall be such that its strength and serviceability or the normal operation of any conveyance therein shall not be impaired by the sidesway of the headframe of skysbaft (see Clause 3.4.2 for deflection limitations). 3.4.2 Deflection limitations Stractures shall be designed so that under serviceability coniitions the horizontal sidesway deflection for the overall structure at any level shall be not more than 4100. Deflection limitations need not be considered for emergency load conditions. Serviceahibity conditions shall he considered to be working load conditions For tower-mounted friction winders, the differential deflections of the headframe and the components shall be not more than the tolerances specified by the winder manufacturer 34,3 Slenderness Where the limit state design method as specified in AS 4100 used, headframe members shall be designed so that the modified compression member slenderaess ratio (iy) does not exceed 180; except that where the member carries wind load and self weight only, A, may be increased up to 300, 3.8 VIBRATION The possible effects of vibrations in a structure being induced by conveyance operation, wind, winding rope oscillation or any other likely sources shall be considered, particularly in regard to the normal operation of a conveyance within the structure Consideration shall be given to the vibration tolerance of maintenance workers who may. work on the structure as specified in AS 2670.1, AS 2670.2 and AS 2670.3, 3.6 STABILITY The structure as a whole shall be stable against overturning, slidin and uplif, for working and emergency toad conditions, Consideration shall also be give to hendframes and skyshafts, where winders may be in an unroped condition and bins and chutes may be completely empty. Consideration shall also be given (0 a possible removal of any rope guides from the headframe while conveyances are not operating in the shaft The stability ratio (R) shall be calculated, using the following equation: anchorage and loads resisting instability 3 loads causing insta R 6 ity R shall bo— (@) not less than 1.0, for LSD/USD; or (b) not less than 1.5, for WSD, where LSD, USD and WSD are as defined in Table 3. ‘The toads in Equation 6 shall be factored using the relevant values in Table 3. Anchorage is included, as it is a large factor contributing to stability. The magoitude of the assistance will depend on the type of footings and design (e.g. pile, rack anchors, tapered blocks) and is not quantified. Engineering judgement is needed. 3.7 PLATFORM AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS Permanent platforms, walkways and stairs complying with AS 1657 shall be provided in the structure for maintenance of conveyances, sheaves, cranes and winding ropes. Emergency access providing access to the conveyance, in the event of a conveyance overwind or a crash, shall be provided. 3.8 FOOTING SETTLEMENT The effect of footing settlement shall be considered in the design of the structure, 3.9 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS Temperature effects shall be considered in the design of the structure, copyriant