rl"'

utT q{IrS

rI

ffi<r<Err
Economic System

r
i'.
I

r
i
7
;

7
r
I

I'
I

t?
i

t'
I

r:

r
l-

c:ilq ({ rer{Q qFF {I cqq q&tl T[@ q+ qsB f{qq q{trrG-+

<r<?fi m$rq r cg
qft{B$ TJ.{r{l.< -rcq] {*rfud xffrorfl, Eqtmi{,
<t{, rsfrt, rqdr, Eff{ frg 6ya rcr(q 66*fr
qBtr qftAies <Frrrrr flEn qrr+ qr
<r crrfi-s nmffi-+ *t, umtqbn;m;il&*
ffe-frfttrs r q.qr', q{'* srQ qnr*r :rorfrE q(*,, :rqfu{ -,fr,*,-u
rrr[Ei
frsm< frc{ Er'<
qflqsrfrs
qffis
qr

1*

qdfrC fiEn qrrqruTr K{

'q<(FTrr.qrrs

ETPTCR {t<r.tt

(The concept of property)

To,R <Ens qrr

F fr{ffiTrs .urlm qrn g'n*rffur (utility) qrrq r qrq&, qfr,

+q-+r+qm ffi
qrql T,!flE T.q,rfr | qFnn <r&*
ur, .oq ffi Errr $r{fu-s s{I !r$E rs

Tqfu r qqfr

{r{rffi D-Fr Rr r wq&.<rB{s, ,fiffi-{, qTI&s <t <rfrs $Frsrfi

{roro
onm r F<q B'trcl qorfr q6+,
r+qlr<nq, 6s[rt ffi <TBR ffifrs qrfirflrrR T[{r qry r <rra
EIVT

srs{ Frq qQ 6fiFr$ qft+K rs{rFcr rF-dr rrs

gTer frqqm

?u?6{R

* ** ;; *L *
lltfrzs {t cqr I c{Nit, TU
{I{n{
q<(E'
6fl-a ilER-s

t:

r
Ir

t
|'

frftq

E"rtRIft Trc {r11 q-rs

sryFs ram pfr <KqR B'*rft qm ez!

cpfrr

r
I

fr{

<Fr-r?m

&,

Tte- fuj, ffi,

"*h<

Tr-{rr

-r* il*

q-+rfuHqgr
Definltion of property
T*ft rqre c<r+rr er{ frffi

1rmqfinR

(Rieht)

<r

ftpr

TT ut. wN-r ruulity) rcrrq qu. {rF

L. T. Hobhsusg, qeTfuf-l qcrrl

frN fi6

,*, *6.

"property is to be concei6d in
terms of the control of man over things, a control
which is recognized by society,.
more or less permanent and exclusive.- (euoted
in T. B. Bottomore , sorabgy,
Guide to Problems andlliteratures : l97o : tsz) qqelD
Rcmq <rq m.n {N cg,.ryp{&^

iFT[g 6FFt

efrrffi

so6

qr{rg ftUq

wrr+

fiwr.r< ,qQw\rf cqtEt{Fvtz<arft e<trym

T6etet,

c<Rlnr,.qh eT{ qs

frffit r[ rrilsi sST fttg,

i

)su

Eo qf<ift-+qqlqRun tqaN qEi

William P. Scottel3l Dictionary oJ Soctologg (Goyl SaaB; Delhi: 1984 SIRI

PropertyK CCER frf.ifqq 'Property is a socially sanctioned recognition of a group of

Tl,l,

qpft
q&,

individual's rights, privileges and responsibilities with relation to an object,

resource, or activity." qreffi fifefsq s-{rE fi?tl Tf{ R, Tm qc,e 6{f{ TT, weth Tl ?Flffi-it
qrut qE 16{g qm m qftsrr, qmE-lF$ e<( qtfrq,st crr-q ${T ft1v r q6q c.af& qcq

ryq A1u qRmR Wqlrt-${t

qIE

?FGI

qrm

Ewt

.-

ry

(Intellectu

.l<(u1frq3 srRF- {I <JB TI c'ffff qme-+ qqmmrrya q1qn{

EomfNt c

:ryaffri

-:ryFrGa +GPrg U<trrSJ

Ohrnerst{

Some characteristics of property

rq6r fr[:Rc iErm qFKr qrTfri tr{< f{F|-s] qTj

Tqfrr

1<p):fl,tfu ?t6tp 6Ft-{ Try.Cq 6<I1rR I 6{:lq,

qfr, q(q&,

ffi sr frG BcS{ Br Eq

ot<qFII

{+rn

6q1:p1fi

())

1q; {'t&

3ar6o 6eFT q-<ug{v frInm 6{Fff{ {1-5s s?Frc <t TdrI qn

(Intellectual Property) 6{:H, Tq, <firfrfi csftE Srncl< Tft ilQD Qoffi l.

'

srs,l

rrllfft

ft{es

il

({d

ro)*

{rut \e-t< uFrrorqr< {{ g.cflEerr< u .Gv r

<flqt ..sE[ qrq& ?'
"yfu
<l *r$ q1fr4 2" gc< ${ er5 q<(sMks vtr<t ffi, cufff <t q$q {qfrR $fr{ qcs orIrd

c&+q

m {+rBF w{,.lii {fi-$m qa'6q q<t cq stG-oiilt sEl +< 6srEt {nourc{rf I RrFt, <IB
s'rr qq&'r+ ftrfr <t qFr ?KF eirtr{ r cur& n fiTEr crrytsrrt{ g,ranr{ dq <r<fi {esrq firfr Tffis
etlc$t l .cnq ft qryms q:rE$r ryrfum wm <qrt6tfc.{ .sl{ TIrq qHrF qmH

({) 6
jointstockr

(rt)

ifarfr

qerrmK

r)d

(E}

qffF{ {em (natural wealth)

q<( rTqffu ft-q' qT

{efi

&fr{ T{ I cKtF6lg qffeT {am

qPr&N "tfr"to qr I G:FI, q5irr6r Pff e qEII'm q31g qr++ gITe-{

:ilam c{RTE TIT(q l .irtffl EIRslrs{ fi <r{qf-{ E,fGnft qFI Et qr< Ktftr fifi-sHfr :{{{& <f
{<ft-s sflffi
<I{qF E"nntft qrqt

c{,

ET

({{

qfic cprfu Ererg3r s3l-6 EBr frFrr {{i {rTr {-r< I :ffi&I
firftrr {qr qFffir rm"t Taffu< Bq-c{tfiq qm I mcqp qprfu Ewfrqsr +rrq qrcq -qag qafu
frfuR 1p <r+r<t

{a r{'{fud frEm

affrs I

:rrpfftF

!3

ef<Ff<rcgrEt

Typps of property
x.ptfu-s (Trls fiqqrTrls

'qryta'

c<rym

Etmrftur str

oQ

E$cst R-w

p-st Erq I

<T{E qp[& <-irrc qnq

frfii{ 1li sGrR I .c qd, qfr-q$,

:oer-rr,FFtFtt,

c{6FFt

K, @

ffi<Tqgqo1ft
T{1v {qfr t qFI firq, <Trr= w1& qt-rs 11 Bq"nqq srffi <Kqrn a-g v5q-6r;q ffi,
$BFtl-{l, qle$R W I stFtlst qfi ftq<sPtls {a& im st 11.ge qtlT{ Ttffi T-{{g qT I 6$lEI,
I

fr
6

o
4
_9

6t
-i-

-.1

,.

<FPett
<r{; Ers, <I-{fi qBtrn, ({T;[ <fi(+, ffirsf{tB, tloi orsqt, $

)el

qfr{B-s

..t
"

{aft

qr6

qt gq{q'{ rpte <I

s&, u$n tp,fift

<

.ru&

qrrl< slrq <rEqK

ipnlft r qEIVI q:rq fiFq<,Rtls

?F-{l EFI ql t dq {, c"tl'dT-'tfrq{, ql$,

r
i

r GFrir:trrrlr&-< m;q <T1s {q c{8 frr1cErt qE q<uq'lu <t nftr{frs wotfr

r yr<TtlP:rPrfrfr
(Intellectual property) I 6T5Ft qfi\5, errrr< ePmQF, s{, <Ifr{:[gl

"k

tr"rmfNtefrFm{ry{Grrql

{qfrF{rffi

yTqrfe@

ffi

Oq/nershlP of ProPertY

i.

iffiffi-fu,

=rm

q," "m{ r qFKI irrq qr{frn{rFrsmftn

"m
ffi< r qqfu*clFrflqrrs fut vnq EPI:BI {tr
())

qqfrtlgTtffi

<I

ffi.T

q.oIDTf

T|Fffi{t (Communal or Social ownership)

($ cfr{qtfr{nt (Joint ownership) zt(

!

t\rl

<iffi

llfr$F{t (Private ownershiP)

dq Trfrffit+

i.

(o)

d{ rfiffi+ qlfrfiql (Joint famrly ownership) 4R

({) 6.1{tBr EFn <t q(ffiqK frfurg qqdssf6{ cqn qfrt&rff{ TrFriFFiI (Collectlve or

i't

jointstock comPany ownershiP)

q.{,fti

14;
',

<Frqrd

<Iffi Frqr

s $esqfffii GfuF <ifurc q.{D{fr q{ r*n<

1g
4
-a

6
tu
f;l

,l

A
_9

fc

2/

qpriK

'

\Q[-i--

<iTqff E<, <I T{tG (Personal effect or personal properff a(

({; <rBqE qot& (Private ProPertY)

,t

q{-

*rr<m qaG stctl spl =EII

s5' :rtqTfifs

ffi

,(qqT "tql

qqfr,qgTrF{flTT
Communal ownership
wtq9,E-s

6?{r {-n c{,

q.rft

ETrq * t*,ou*
ryrTfrsrrtn r qmcqi {5rrffi
frq fiq e uni*n+ q*tn qTn&-$ *#;';
Te.
ffiR xfroF{m <zre
'*#';#;

*T',IF

1frqfr,

crrsn
,r{'rq
",vfu
c'{'r&{jrrq<Irrcui\TfrflTtT *,' "
r

Frcfi

Fm_pm"n_*

+',fr
\r
"Y *

rrrr

Us,nT[qn

#; ffi

rr

",#

T:*

smr u,R TR 6fir3r <r

q]s-Gr$qttrr{ *,-rft qrs trm
F*'oto,ft
r
cur6{ e TsE ryycE
nfu-;op"*
& <Tfter+ qefirfi dq
qfffi
rrBrr{T{
r <rqrccfi e *KrK
*o*

**

<rBri.- q.efiET Tf-grflTf

Private ownership of property

f#,r
.fr# * .d*;rH ;,tne,

vfu'rssrr< rorq $fu sR qfrq{, Frqflso,il

Eq*fi vo* $ft-+ qF ,n,u r qrfr-s
E." {rK e<Ftft$ <&, Sro, qc' <r wr ,otrFo, <rqfi q&6rffid
{I erm <rve qr*r rsrs.I
RrrR qr{ T.'rfrK I u,cq*r*t
fufrRFrfrre c*r&-$ -,fr.*
-r,*,;.,
crFr 4r
Tpr&K *frs | <ifu *frs*< {*& <iB sr.
"#a
t*r$rft *0,
'F
<'uqK 18160 effrn r <TE <1ts{s qarfrR s,r<
<lBn ,,.(," Gl{rft$ru *, **; *lq_E. ,
fr.po

ffi

*;
*, *, ;,-* *"

c-fc$fur

sfuiffi<lrrqmlrrrl-?rwltfl{t
$(iq'c- qpr& <a[u *o**s gq'fiF{ Srrq qqu,
<*& qrrm Trrq <]-{Q< <T qfi ?F3rI T*r
q,o Tpf&jrs ffi .rR*T,r$'rvrn
rifu R'rk{i
<.rF <i&R fiqs <Fqrd E<i fiT{_E,u
cql{r$, <rffi, \Q, u-m fu-nfr
E<rtrF C{ru.R' <r <rg& Eqtrnt rr <w qrcr
GT{ Efr.Ft 'nqr
<rct fl

ry

<:ft;a1-o q-e,fEr

TrfrsrilF Es-r&

Origin of private ownership of property

rw< qrrcrn
qftm wrrure <:.fu{s
{rfrTrir

*ry

{T-6frn

rfr\'erc

<sr EmR 6{, qqrrq.

{meT

{rft-sFrr r

rffis

q'ftq Rr.N

wfr

TU;r

re-m

qrpFm

{r

rfi

T&{e

qfrt
q(F.m strc

Joint-family ownership
e*q Tat& ilnrrq {rR rrfrsril {Rqr<< qm6Q
rire r qR_qrmn #,foTn W qlfr. r <fre
{R{rr<-{ srfr g
<r wwr Tarfur {rfrs,
r<tq olmr Grrt Tsrrd urftflF
"-n
rrcq t 'fk{fmn"+rft<rrfu tn ,rR.-{fKK rmryrm
o *iltfl< efqt1 .63

<F

{13["[il-

I <TE

6ftq,flffi$Trtrqrr

1qqBk+naTTr6frqrrFrflTr
Joint
or share-based ownership
qr EEr <ifu d* efrEe* q+E <rfi&r+

. ITFil!

*r,

e3r

Jr:ITTI

ftm v<qrq

wa

qrqnc*

E{ q-{(<rc

qr
.1
, (T):*
,' ({) d
qqr

ftqscq{ r

<rfuw

cs1r

Erecr; <rE
z qq6.q

)tqR
E's{t <iB

srrqqe{

qryt<rn qr{

rrqfl

tur1MF
<fr'tsffi{
. or tr{

{tet1ffi 1

'1

ilgd

qtrffi -I{Ei

rfr
'' Tr&,s

q<q

.i qr

a{6qftETIF ig1

ftq

ft Rq "n gir frm rsrsq rrsrq

ure*.#;

* l-*u *

", ]mrr<Ta >Frrq

{(g q.lrffi3 q$ft rsr$.&q

'rrT

fi

r oR :rr{
qpr&'qrsBr !

cp

qf<iros

<#

\
\
!

'
' elq-s6

{EId q[

*,{ftl1ffi@tco

qt?Fr.rs,fi{rH

sfuqs TrfrsF{r 1nr6

sfr

'

I
I

q&

<rp{t

)eb

qtfr-sfrrl rfiIrq qrqr$sr rsriirfr{s $B-<rlTK

EIrfir <ifuqs q'crtfr $fr.flTl ErF <rdt qE 1 6w{-ft{_q-+ ffire
FTf EETcR crl,

T{{fuzp

.s<r. EHrF{,

qglrc't qftilFrt
I

qc?F

q{m-s

ftw< qrqrffi Ed $fu{s \IftTl{R EE-< ste EI qllm R"[E

ll:rrffir c& vlft

enle-+ T,FrrriR qtE( Aq ?rrr qnr {t]r r ,h r< o1e-+ qq'm ftra
AL< <i-{+qrrdlfcrtfr qcs qlcr q<(s't ryftF tRre qs r cfl"t a1& ctr+ FrTrr,, tt+ q<& qwq
FFr rl{riq,e<(qn qs wft Etn ,q e qRftstrs{ {.cql fi'R aEBr:rqn scqrro"rr*ft
qT q<(Ti{qf,m'fG0ft qr* ,i:tom rra&ca tRqE m I ,rcimm:Taftrs
"tkqs <re {I Er[{ sf

wrr

q+-

\
I

;.

xr{G< IR{ET e vK {l,trB

...

eqe.

qfi ft'rs wflil {corfr cm&-$ $frsl{lr fu <cqQ wrr+

1ffi e cI[rqffi dB
q{q
qtea
qftqs
frHrq{ ! E{tc
fr'r$ Tqfrr
5em rlFr
E-fi Er Rq e:ilq <| crt8* qq{&
<i,t

(=g

lR-{Trsn q<( UTnk {GT fu I ctdE +-n cerfu ffig sp1 om fis r
"tm
TqfruG <ifu{s $fr-sFrr16 w r qrfl&-s {rft-fl-{K TafuE rinrFr scr <lBqg {rfr-sFir q&S9
qE ? {qfrre <lfurls flfrsr{t qB6s q{ ws$ qfrTF |
,, ,
6qi{ st3r

6{:l"t-

: r qrfl&-{ frTer {t{rc:r {c{fucs Ir.B fifr-$m qefu qt r cftq flTG-$ wm cf<q
s-r"'Q <,rg,- r,|r'iiFiTiT qpi-cE
'II-G T{FI ryre <rg< Tllflsl{l-rs ff+r< em 6fitr | q:ilq $H {ilEirs
:m&
sn
wrusr< csrrt +;rrd ftrnsr ft're ,trcr s'{{ <lB qK qc{fri ry-m vfrro offiqs qr r e
q'+iQ <qf {s -Froperty is a sociai creation- <t qql&
l{lm-{t 16
.r i qqrqftfli sFI qqlg ffivrt-+
F-r$K 'rfrEt< frq s-+q qTor&rc qq{s {lm
Ra r 1ffi ffrc'n l,na nfirs r?Ft ,{FF R"riffi* rr+ratfu*rq qfr<Trffi Es< s6 Evl r<o&ro
<f,sqo Eifuotn-T 6q!rt rGI I 6FHI, "fR<T'{ ffiEiqffi qli uR <ffuqg q:i'rfu
o r engfu {eorcrrr luQ qTd-qmre-s {m c<ry cqq Esl frTtr1 <rfur1s Trfrp1rp flffi
r

qcs qFFI

<rrk frq qmcqa efcirqn qld-cmr&+ frfl'rur Ifrrn q-rd, cwrfu-{ Tftq] sfu"r&
qfc{< r'Iqr stt slft-{src< Hffi-lrrcr{ ft1T srilre <rfuGhfr {lfrTrfi qe6s qF arlr$
e<"r & q< smcqI {arfu c{rqr q-dr ql1rffi sffisr
fi c,rre +rr+
ar

<rrfuris q.arfuil

<'ffi<ft Es:EII

tE

tm

flq"nr 1S I lr+< qrrrrc[ <]rgqq {oongr lmrn e<rwqt<Et

r frc{ <ifuqv q.qfrR o16p q<..fr'rm
1fu onrt <KI EE 8

ffu c <Ifuag {sT&R 'frF {Kt N

.m

<lfuts }i{ G qq ftrq

1n r cE mI fi-Erqa sq-i ctffi r <irBqs >rer& frrnsr Errl q<( qrrn-fr'na rTN <rfuE
Tatfr'ffi smr6t Rqq otBLT Btrs ott prcs "r.rm r $&rts qprfu ap<F6q
.rfr=
6<imr( fi T m i 6FFn r{'rfu {nopir?F Fs6r6{EFcr q<( EI frfrmrcrr< TI{rn "r&
** .ft;
.rr6.F

et?Ffrt

remq

{c6F[ 6{,

)8o

E6 Tl{rfrs qlTqRuF (qcN 'rO

Tlq$sfcs E.tffiring<lzEt{ q1q rIrEE.ts.Bt qzT|.T I {rff <rfu{E lrafu ,r& lB ma lrElt qBr
<ccF[ 6{tr, <rfu{v ra& gecrtaqn rprr Tr* rt B{ffirs +ra E-flQE | ffirtr q+rBn qfrfiq
fi
Tffis TE{ qtK "ffr$l io[fl q<(El EffiT E-{TF frrfi Efrg1 rrat r <ifu4s T.eft {fsfi <rfu
q<(Frex uRn atrc stftNt FFt Ttrre effi<
iom tqtqg crq Er6o
'ftm
I

fte16 ffu c <rB{s rqDrfu-{ fttm rm

q<( qrnst ?@ em , Tmt&T r<rll {t-{r{i

IB

6ql vtirt

TrFT

R,

<rFs4s

yrq& wrm E<vtl

qqa qffiNt s

qoF[, Icfi q<{. T{FTE{I

cffR<Rn 1ffi rr* I <ifu{E ll t& ?fi 'r*rsqq ffi Tr< q<(et rmrcq qr ffirffin Eftrcl
1rere
rRf$'Trr r qrfu{s i{af& qmRbTfl<F:FiFr<t <Ifl qqtn Vfu+r "nql iErF 'ttGI r qlfrulg q{fr
E-{Br w{g6E ;R Trdrt EBrt {rt iFrsrsr r 6{{r, vtry 1B qq et a, cSn <rfu srs <ifurts
Tarfrr$ B-{Tr*a pftq frfrffittt {I $rd $r(Et aeuiftot< curs {cstql <'r{F fircs ,rrd {I {5rIq
{Rrs{ rR"Fft I srmR qre <ifuqp :ilet& <i&{E A-fik{ <r{*s Eco ,fl-rri.car.<Jfr Etn qarBi
ERwrGt cr"'T d s"rd q{.| frdtEq EFII-F
'frGr I sR snm {F <Ifu{s {arfrn lR{lr qzn qREn

<(6{ft

q6q1

B"{rfirs qrFnDTr ccrrs fi"{fi <RI rq, <ifuqs

6B

qrfiffi

{prfu lRfi

q<(

eR(rft{r.tq|q6vftas'a{'6nrlu<'rmIB oq
qarTlErst T<r=rg'=t

w$ql Ee-e rmrq I Errqr$

qtfr-qrrq< g.fi

qifrsi'FK c:iirq csirp,rTsq FT{ frq 4r I {r{rlt {1r{ {qc[rftsr d:trq fqq r s,+l qR& e
cfrmq fu g r & ryn ar1fu ylE-<I B Ewn-{, ftftmq Eilfru,t&< xc{r qF{ e B,rq< Ercr<
6fi-(c'er uoo r &ftryerq sr <T qsr +.ar KFtBr xq-{Hfr+ur {rsm TC{, ,lcg e6 fi r E;t:< qtErB'rqr< c++rm rc'Tri fqqt e mrrffi 6ffEi-{ qrtrrcK cRIt& Tq.R c+r us"r{l( yfu+r
+r<r

frtl-ftq,

qq{Fn
'cstr-c+

TGt I

snr Glf

,r:tfiqqrrE

rfl

($

:FTIIIil

:tqterqft{

lqo our at{

frct{eTn{(

slt

qr*r

${Ir{

"trort

?FG{

"'"rq,

+$

'rtr:I

q {ctlr

errIIFt I ctE!

T{'Gr@
fffirs.l
IFT'f , EEI'I
G
snt't

qm Tfr",tRi
q {crl--t

:nfrdTrffi;
orm<,

Kr.R Efusr {FFt

ryr.hw

<refi{d

cW cq-4 '{TFr-q Ei {-i?iqril'rnlir c.cE cs[fl {sI q{ rt r m {cq w1fo 1er6u {l

qrQ
et
6{RtlT
st-@fE ,,.-* i*tlfu 1ryq4, $fiip1q|ft Wl-o[st, :K&, ft+m=nq ,Ft-,fiR,
"ftft{ &{, TIq e qry-41wF stft r .:rclssr&-srq'f, Ns qtft gor vffi-+ Tq {| ftfi {Rrfi E{
{FiI carr Trffi <Irqu qs cwq-qfr-{1+, <ft, ffi {qs vfu ftr+rs frq I Erfi qEr<F{gtfi
mQ finqfurt erg& cqr+ {miE-{, s 'r1-,rtR ccdq Glg e Fr+F +re r qcrlftg Fr{r, q<& <t
FmK${ {IqIE<r qTqr r{rt frrq sttl <ttbmml TK qiF:{rut c{E I ffir ft-{ c-q <t Fr+K {f qBrn
Elt {{lt H<lq ft{ +lBlv r qtft {ctllr qffi+ ftffii qn{ c<rctt3F T{F W {Et q{ Gr, .Life
was either a feast or a fast' rr4rs ftEl Rn qR-6stq Eqrr<qrn rE<t snrqlr< dfig
I:rlEs'r&--T <nq;[ r{, fitfus {fuTn< ftEAs-L< TrrCI 5fli{ 6sFI q:ilEi eN c{FR vtrt {rnr
q{Frrr cftqlr< TIEcnrq I ft-q qqtq csFr {flq Errcrd scrrgitrBr qGR-s: {tcl Rtrtly lxrcs c'rcs(q

*qi.{ avrd un-''o <EIre qT-i B,rqrd {<$rr *tqrrq

{rfrfit

q(

q-f, r-rs

Effiqq.[glr< r<Ft Jl.{r ngRr{Ih-{{'r$ ?Frffi <t{ ?rGtcq

<ifu

Fmrrqr
qqffq{ q4lil

vtgq9156g rrflf? q'oII(Ifi rtitil B {tq?FHI

1rF,p
..-'--.
qtft-+trm q{m Tt1rffi +,rtr-6tm e ElB flq{
{< fr,T{rr{a I qR crrqz{,

rFrcr Elsrl

Tr6ftrrytd
q:rqrcqM

q{rs 6'Rtqq

(Evolution of Property)

lEs

qtar,E

cdl

{ei c'fls@
m r c{ "t1'n

+rrrr

fif,
(horticulturt

6s-aa1q-dr

qffi$ <t<"efi

t8)

rmrq yfrN qlfuqg Trfr-+ril lm u1eftrv | 6+"Frr Eqq

Tfr qrfrqm qr fi
qclqffiqr
qft
{l6ft{
rem c'ffiN <Ifuqs rrfr+ta|t Rq "n r wrfftt mrFFil q
{F Il;rffi;r
qffiN
e t&{rrryn Ecq.$Ws g'tr{rT {Fr B'rs?t Trarq1 I EmK xcs wft c{lffiqn-{-$
{BIGtr$
<lfu mfr+nmt Rq r slfi< TCE ;ntlrq srrq 6sB :Frr <t c<ft
6s{rt +;rp I gr<t
qrfih
yfirr ,h crm
ffirr <qt Rq
,;rlfrr.|r.sf,

I,
I

{qtr

qry

t
I
I

srftl

'qetrfi {rq qnriq ?F3H? TTFFEI {CrR s,Bil

q{qFH orr ff; TtrK
'ft sn{ 6qfV qrn <trq I iorfl eil qrF :p.Gr 6{, "ttF 6"tFrv rilr{ st
'fic+ sir c<ft flsffi qs{rn 1ma vct I v.E EKI scrqr+ rlE rTfr\o GrF eft{ q<s. .qvrm
FFsrr{ qlTerfl-rffi Trts

?t1'{Fn

mrm

EretR.l

({) 'qrfl.Ft

qv{ q{

lrt

H?ffit ql<;t Er6T

>roris* lriFt s TnTsrTr

ETisl rilrr{etrfi {5[rFi3t qrl?tr-sr< q61 qG{rsR :rcs eq'frfi q:Irffi <i'rgqs
:r{'rk qRmR oq't ftfe cefF etlm r q( qfr "I{nr Wm 6T{ Rs EfrftE I ?Flrtct, E?FI ?fl<flR
rqo rcr il{|r fiG qRsK q{ fr, frfrrr lq& 6<< q{ fr, mFr cq <t E tqq 'q <t {R fisrta
frr'rwrm xtd-{ qrq crq TI rql o-r3rl Tqr qFrm ,qrGI FIrt TBIE r mrq ftl ft+r< qr EBrq wd
qqrs E"RE qm oErre Es r
"rI'ttfi srlrq {r{{ q.tr$ {.t ?pc(q L{<(<trK {Tre FqGs ffiN
Frnfcq I Trys uq'nq{ cdt6q sr*r qrfr r{gF{s tffi{ qrlf,q I c{ {rrrr qdfiem ee wd
>tstlrq3l qlrq

$96q{ qdfte

g"fi {tt{ 'r.{ 'nq-fl{ {r{m qTEI

,r{ Estrm
"q. c{rs .q<Fffks
?ErF qt1{ q6ssq1 gll;tl
T(rC\) fiH(q 'f1ft$.I< ?Frf, EFq ffiF etFF.rE erfBF "q sBe m{I ffir<
\e=rQ vnil
'qg+ 5'rifu ?FK stSI E{, {T(q, DTEI.ut E errn3l <IT'FF <f<rqn T{ srg I 'fr{ '{FttrBI
${nr qp <+qR qBrr q{ffi-{ f+*nst F r<co {s{ q{
q {crt "tpr<A cdffis Q-{r+R efu k{ I errl Ernt<r qqi f+tm qro< Tr Er;rcr (s'rcrn
srfiF{ I wr E'tQ Dtt6t cFrGFr S-{r rr{{ qF q't*'l.l, nlrs qfl ql-{rlt-T {l{FrcBr rg {6 @lg I sBrl
Tqr{Ifterm firBa qmefirs fi<t.q ffis 1 qqmm6q-d :rcs 'ft{Frffin qt {Rr+d fuA <ifurlg
{qGR srfrdr< vF r "r1nm q:rrrc[ qfi'ERE] cfl frqil T{ qq I qQ rrK frfrr{ <r<'ieffir qDEH mrtl
sl]t r ft-fis 'rR{[r vEcT Tlfltcsi-< elE6H-T{, qn I 'It"gq4 T;rK wri EBr"rrr'@! <r<-qF
Ifu q
rm, EEt t c+Etmrc RIfrqg qI qm der ?fiffi-$ <r urG&&-+ TB crff&F $FTsF{t fi$ fi-{ |
qfi Tfr wfrstn {t'es-rrnr yfu" <ifu {Gsm cqtt fir fr
,r lrt xrfftrrn-* TRE fiu-fifr rrrfm< ?<FlEi reil't c'tzp {frs I 6<ffi+t, 'FIrE <r&{E
{tFr+lTr Et-< qe{R crt;Fre @ c$ ?Tfi, fi{t fin I ,f,IrE {rfu{e {tfr$Hl sq< eeiln rrQ
TkKE[, <q-ft, qarei EEgtl{$l<,,EEtsF, nF tb-flft,{Tt Eft,{e-{ 1M ftfrs qfu-< qrq
{q c'rrc qrr$ I ttTrffi :Frrcq< areG 19 qr r Ergql'rIfln6t ffi+ tlTr{s :s< mH FqBfiE wrq
;w r o{'qtrm Hffie'K-<fr
qERs q* i
"6rc-Ti Tfr wilcsr frq
<ErI

{EI I

6<F"F{T,

llrq

q*r +rmE ar1l l-mfi {rrr3r crrm vans

q{rsrfr qsFl-fl ET srd '
1fr
qqRE
qN cqr{ .'{<( qstn Efrq-?t firu F1-$ I (q5r{
cT-{l slFI firBA +q +-{rfit ftq cqfr+ DTII
qd
(horticulture) {Bt"tBt Bm{
I <E[ ER {rr+ Cq,lffi
Tfr+,|rsTi Ts!E-

'r1'rm

<-rFn-q

)8{ ,.

E6 {ffi',fi-$ }l.{tqRE.ri tqaN

Tltrr FIEK

q-q)

qi..H

<rre efiREE e-{Ft {fT-{I srrmr drq-n q?Ffl-rq tru

q<(H{rqR,EIq tI{,Frd st frlq flqfrs'r{rsR qs {3rr{fr
| q'rrm

F {ril m{t m-{ I 1fr lot t1m

qlq

Er5a

<rq{I3 a-flR

S.{

cfifi

,lt{

<l Erin qrffrr.fr$c-{le

'r,trFlq qqlffin

al

?FIGI

Tfr

sE[ eRs Trn

{tii

{-dbrB.{

(o {Ififi
($Flqf

(rD'Tfr'{cd {Qrfr
T'flrfi q:trrm *q "rftT Tfr Eq,ttqr+n qrt I TfrIrq q'iffrsrr :qrfrE Enq I qil rys< {{
Eq{q{ <r<rc[R ,efrfrg e fi-<n Emcm frTry frqrffin TF I ,Tfr 16rt ,Tfr Es'firr4n qq] {r1rrs
,{rilgrm TT{t{ +;tN $t I 6F.FIT, frq <'n-+< 'K qTI Tq env r:rrc qrq qgg r<q q5gsB {H
qrnrt ?F(N En r 1fr erm ffi
<ikfl q-m< qfu{ s6 ffiq3 ffi om q<". qsrr< ftr fu{
gfe Tm csrsrr
qrd I qtslfr-+,nrr< qe
Err.prfuro <Ifuqsrtft-snT< IE E{ r 1fr rys6qK
{E-{r
Frn6K s"rs frffiq erB qffin fiTflft Oft-< E-w q* I qil qfis, FffisqT FFFr-haTe {ar6
-T* 'tm r csti E d <r+fi <tfirw qc{siq e qem fi-ffir ft-sFr lttrc Aor Y;frot

PT
'IFFITGI I

${< q{F

qmt

l[cq 1R v{ftez+ ffi sr-cat et't s-dl TlTi I {$ t (T) ql{ {c{K Tfr vdftB,,1"1yqp6
q{ft&,
1ay qftE 1rffi Tfr qdftG
1run Tfr
. f@n smffi{'qefB, {qtR <Fp{rn er<6{, <ir{mltqi e<... etB ?flb m+.K{Fil qtfr,q|<
Tv mQ iftil E [ii ?rs {rtm rr1t HEI 1rq nqT'r.r +r< r s(tm Ell-Frwrrfi qn<mm-i.te{crt
otfi{.t.q< q+ Tqnrs pfrol
'tm+ em
I

m Frfi got worfr-c

{-llEI B

tei

(Finance catr{

rr$r{Fq {irE

q{ ftmq iorRt

FE 1c,fd{
c:rrcw E& +r:

ffi

w <{t

ffi

IR rfln Oft f<w t

'

"t{R <r Ern f<w mr ttx I {e[151 r5aqfrE eI{R (Capitalistic stage) ;

$rrs

(g qTMulks

"rdm

ffqryq

Er[g

{{'m

eTf

lqrks aft fof

qqrtrr
Wrs {
q_<Filry8${t
E-rq<ifu{r{qffi

tr&tfts

1*r

cr6ftn Efi
iEIftI ,q<( qE{lelr

sm 6sl1(Ertfi
tAQft$ qqrq d
cqrsqqtqgtE.rx
ceiB-s<,rmmrl

{&<rq qq

Capltrlrsp ao5i

ffiilh scE6
T*r+s

firfi

(so.irtist stagl; e<".

(s)ffififS(Communiststage)l

rrmff m
rTfi fuF

r'fcilA.ci

Tft$'R ryre< stfr+ta:rpt fteTcrt <r ctpt En ur qE {E e-1qqfw{.uu'tfu Fr-TEFrFil,

ce6 e <g <rm trSn q<(<tfr&r$ Bffi.r qQ1u r-<-{e, Ep vmr<l
|
ffq qnl Bs,trnr ot,-tez qc{ qrtr{E ?<ffi$'rffi{ r Rqire-< <r<rqlm bs,firf{ T{t+f,
'rs I TFIET $ Wm rfrt ctq <Ft-r?tr mt't efIR I RI Ert{ qfl{il {g I 6p;HT, st<I c{ 6Hq
{qfiK f<ffir* sfq +;rcs ltr< rtftr tB'rsrrq {s "Rn azg srb 1 $aq-afqq]-<t
qffi-$ (st-cq{ nrrq <rr$< qrs,Tq il Tffir ftG (r.aisse2 fare) {fu qs r errclmQ rrr qF
sMs w,rfr Eq'rthrdrn rrrci <rce< om ffi$ q6{ <N qrrs r Tg fufi-{rrTr< qr*'tt q'{q fir
T{s FE Tq-+,ri{Ifi r Eq,nnq rE ry r'qEIffi 16t{r ,wqr c{ffi$ a1ft r xorfr< qrcrsn,
6irrtr+lrt, nQ

{Fq

Efr$ a3
qRE fu-T;q

n1ks*r

t c<w I silq qr Eksg< {eqq

(,r)

<ft&r+t

:r<or& r

Fre

qfr< Trfrsmrs m-{ $r< q5rrffi Aft?Ew

tfr
IR ,tm,
Brg{i cr, Tfr lrtt,sfrt q{FI :rarfu r semt TR Wq Frs[i, ?tk] qep, ,11,16{ qrc<15g 61t{
'fir

sfr

e,<1E{it

'

<f
,

Eqflc-fia

Eqtg qrm r d
vre qm ard q

. ,|I

Effis<r{,{I

\
I

qi'G*fr
,

<tq e,<rqai

tlTBq ?firrm,
5e o*-T eR't
*; ;;

$TtB FT

)8e

R-sr r

sr< ryerfr $B-rF* e<.. sr*

,,o.,e*

#*"*r",,**,

cnEIEr Irrt< q{f{Fs R-$rnR

sr{lR &Tm E{ Rrsq I TerI 8
fO qf{&r+ {Ng (Commerciat
capitalism)

I
{

(tt)

{e\W (Finance capitalism)

<rfEfu-s {N@R

ftfr

qq wse

nrc' qr'\' ffi Es'nq <rreflR E{ci

wae ftq-er+qm uEE erS l qbrQ
(Finance capitalism)

*refro e qE6r&T aqa-qtfuv r <rfifu+

'#ii'J .osTB*
qii

Ra*, ;;*o,i
fiq fr.".R .."* Irr ;fi;r6s

tffiil

Oq{rq-{ T@tr
EXnq

&_

or<'qrrq

'

FF

g'n ftQl

*#.

Ern

B*1-q

16u6

cqq1.g

{t

TrEn[r

r LcrE

Tft{r :tsK 11 mrcr@

I Ft_?Fl{ql.rrn E-grr

*,fr*;r{* ffiHk

oq

run qE :nrq",fr$

Tr r q {crr. Toof& f{srfrs $r*

wt r sr< ry*qfrs
6 Tfi"l6._ w{EfuR {rqrr:r
@r".,ft.r{l
AH,rqsrr6ffiHqrmsrfr$q{fr8*frtErrqr I
l&{rqj

ltilrqr fr&

qq

cafuE clTre$ -rfr.r_;]

*tr{ fr'flq T<re-{ cq, qivrfrs

<Frefr{ w<rq {qs6< qs{

ftq ftfu r +Bqs

*R,
;;', ;_* {K"fi RE tffi ffiffii
wre_d
t&qc T. y.."* * u,m RflqrH *fu* frq q611 qq
qcqrcrn qgu
"r{rm Rsrqn pm tc< e<r {frqB-s
esiErsg w wre*frs r{le t
"*;*'.*_fr"* qr$rr<, {q Brr< ,rftflR
c{'ju {*& sqtt Es,ffq{
ffi-$ {rB<FrTt q&6o
IPm qil Ecs qnen.c{ Eq qrril{rsr.r_r
q{iRE qff Rw qr< q<( qflq
qrcs

sm <ifu Ri-{qff r<r

+fs qr?Fr<

*6*ffiqre *ffis

E,u

wrrq c-{Q u,r v<:ryrrvrft .,q s-fc< q<.6.rrr,sr.T,fr

Trdffn Eft{i
{q mR q-+.ri m^rft qo,q qBSr I ffio,.o
q<( erflw w1rrfr
crrq c$ra sqq
r
Tr<
w.rr 6st' cmt FteTr,R
sfu q ,E-ffiz.
e.q cdlq fi, ;{,_
(aftQr) qflq s&6s qs
fi r um

<i& vn c*i.,*ffi *,q

nrm q&fu q5q r cErFft
*,tr} ffire*\e mr*fr q$q
orrrq r Qffi". )bbo :rl6cr-i

ry*

?Ftrc<

"t#'uti;_fu
fu * ,r*-ta. ffi +qq

*fi

cqr+wmsrfr$ffrrcq\n <-rm

flfr-$"..o<

rrs;{,8, ",fr#* et drBqs"-{

&<rq q<<qef,ftB^

Capltalism and capit.li"ii.-p"onomy

tfr'{rh <ErF qo.r eo *{-qm&-s

"_* ffi

ri

{-{rfi Bs1lqrr@ <Ifu-{Irn-*|TlK fr'Dn.r ";*o*" <^o,rm c{R*{ 6*<trn Tdr-wnq*o,q r<
*rni,, ta-ora cT;"{Ir]ermi IR ,tr* eR( c$ftcr{cr E?r." qrri, r q <r<*rn esfr
frrR
sE{ }r*u qft{tus rrq_
+rd vre {r* sd q<(strrq
affiiu ,m

fi*;
-* -h
"d;
fi
r

EE

)88

qtrrl qrrrr {wrq< qsr

{t$fr{

ffi&,,

ffiqR@.l6t (SaN 'rq)

ryT_-:P,,tff

'm"

&ffi

.ffi

sK6n q.fiffi

(orrgb

ffiflatfim<qg;rl{qx{#ql-rEFF'tlgs.{<1.cl'lKqn-<Tq$wtRTq{.ft&ryTi
:EFtr

frftt"

q<t 's 3qffif

f;noiaroo and characteristics of capitalism**
<rGrtE.,fi.il-{-*.6.* AuH-#*

<nncnrf
e+

q{#r

ftrfi qt{-qmee u flq?i&T

E;; qrfiffsl s ffiq,([lfr-fis {e{ra

qr@ffit}

fi{

{ftr6
I qw{l *=n tmur** ?<fifi
s,tFrr<{rorn EI flR cr$ frtt$ cn cqm
ffi e +yq1rr1*
(r) <rfu orFrFirq te<rrq< .fufre r {&<rcq
6q'66 =rr< r d <,1.em
im tu ft{ src{ q{"t'ttr-(
<rGEs xrtrfi{t
qffi $qoxfi
srcd m-<l,fs

ry*

*'

ry *

tkm
cftt
frrg

cot

srnql

accoun@r

(r, 3l

Produc'tto{,;

("f,f

.rqltffi[cBq{tqT{{Frfdftqt'nss6re*fu.:froetqcdnslTtlQ{:mrq
N <tqi cfit !frr
rFslGt qt qH l:Ifffi;*" 6q{ rfrK-( $Iq
slq T3Icr; Qet {r F TIS
qq 6er5+ qIsaFl fii(g
1

+.m-d
<rl'iI6r qr& qr r Ufir+<t c{r+tq FEq&< +.Br{m-{
{Ifd I s6{ Tfq {I qrcN si[(si5E Tr

(s{i

wlrl GCs {rd-

(o{{
(Dud

(E){frutffirnuaeofteqffi+rqmxc,fq_{{,Gq6q+.*mqffsRsrrc.{sqPl
*;;-'grpffi'-6+8 ffi cx1 e.rn sr'cq:rr+ etq wco E{
{5ar{r t1151-{ *Q
t 6+;F{I'

tcrn*

<
qtfrqt

1$

^ xrfi-+ cgft e Es,tfq-s tufu+l cIfu rcq' cT6 etK(qa c*r6IF:$

tffifi

Ilfi.+ctfuqrdqlKufr+aftast{&+mxtB-+crftEmuff+oftr+6mttrmE'efr-s{.{lTt
q6q<cs
q:gs3 EC-{ d I 6fi q"rm frF{ flT&-{ cXfu xrg ora
crm't
6ft
1sy {ffirn
TL<
err+Rftft dft
e qHI {6rsf,
ufi-+
qte
o*ft-*
TT+'
ffiG,
{&1&,
"*B qssretc< 6{-<q-{r
cqr I 6T{t
r e{< dftf, {c$ q+fi{
I

qrffi utr{cq<
ers3t Std

**;#q*

qr;ra +G<

-qlB'tg

*'sq$ utr+

?FEH qcn fiV',m

qFrd qF[|q-g,, .q<(

qflq ,rfue cIft &ft-+, eilQ {k-<um

eaBl

cl{r<ctfrmeR'flIrsqeTwF{lTcffi6H1Fqcsffi{E.Elsrt'<crmcEqR:mtscgft

ffi$

{ror< qtR cr{ slslfr{

.tb&,il
rrFr rrt

trtu[,

Ex c")qs cnm

ffi{

*<i @asr,
H*=* fl*G-s dft'ImK qldq
dft qest{ <Ft qRlfilg Trfiq{
c'frc qlr r eT{ qtfis tr{ ctsrs

q-<(st

s*t

1R

raffi
.$i

tgp;p

.du5

:rsrdt

cQilrg(E

q+ryfu

-!e f,

(E)tffiq.{{{qTEcftrfus<]<qI,rryerbG"IIr{Gqortq.i,@I't,<fi{,q+NeqfsN
q{ r E{E ufursK qt{ q{ ?fiFrTbr Err5 r
Eq,frq{ qca fifrr sr{ fifus
qcF' c<t{
Trq 4{K s.ll qsF{ qrl au t1re IK tf.
rol ufi-+ oft <rp Esflr{ {G
qm r qtm srrvi-a Bqofiq'I sil s
trEr< N rreq fifts
Eq,nqz{ qER qIFr$ c{ft ufrrffi fixEr
ryr<

Bs{i

{k{rrm Rn

<r<:ql-<qNtffi,t'ontsqffi"MA<cr{fiirs.-cKt{ft-sf{q6ifiKTrslmq'
qs s-{t qm r ffiEt'lsrft

,,,

oJQ

Spint

crG-<rcrt-<

q6{Frfi, firBffins,

aI

nrEinx6i

q <rR fF$

a6*rf {h'fl
rrn B q#{
.,T'.srr

**f,

,ffi,*fi
tsts,

Futs,

qffi{ Trc*fi
:Frrcq-< {Ds-rE'': s ft6p1n e \sw<rrftT <n?m
(ortgtn and deveropment of
capitalrsm

)8c

: wete*in Expranation)

RFtt'mlqfr*rff vr+s Ba<rsr (Max weber) vr=t

,*-;;;;'rJrll' urno and_ the
Sprrrt oJ Capitatism (1958)efr.pf
tufrei {e-{rR-{ bq< e fr..sf.t Tq6$ eTE c$q_q_+qq-s

ffi

<ts fiRz-Trq{ cq furr< qz}sTB q{ frHT or< c+qivFrq

c,rtt E T.{rs
qrh B$tffr $b,ri Rmr< qil(
$.cl qq+r+ {e"; q* **
eR ftgrr<r <r c?r sm
tk{Rqi R"stt.t flq rrreq I Er*<R Trfi R, **, pffi,
_*, _*'"* *o *
frrs {&3 ksm >rs< T{ I t&r R-+H scF
Ts-{ +Fr q|t{ q$E,q(-tr'o"fr*r * uraA+
qfr sm w orr+E er-<tqftTl6
fl
.r.Gt
<'t<tr"t CFY

.,

6ta

rrerm

*frfr,!

{ea

e *BEfr* <rcqr u,a$t* lRationar

capitar
-.rr"g.ment) ;
q< B'rnq *t* *#o
rorpropriation of arr the *r"." of

accounting and busine"s

o*ort"l"lil*

i
t

(r',

t.

ll

.q-<

rr{-frrs

I{
Ht
r-

q15

Fr

H
F

tr
I

F
I
I

I
i

*#

ry

rmrftt

-*

sp1ffi

<I

Ae

B,Rr

<'rrrrf*r* q ft&Q

ryl <rFrr*r uorr E{ Gr v,x. <r ffi

\?-Ft,

?sr reF ,I{_frftR., s.u fft{ tqr

trr< r cy6t fr-slr< {s<r ? qrttirs rrd<
1E_{ <}FU.B[
u,fr -B
o,sr^ *,,ms cd q*r

Tcor[-6 qrzrtt

ffi

qlfis

;;"uA"ffi

aftc.

"emQ Ef-.qq-{.qrb.r q.fffr.$ <rT{n

fiBTt
csorcq

c{

q*r;

q{t

qc< $t<il3r

.fr6"

Etsrr

q<".

r,

Wtfts.or"

*# **}.q:; H*'#
T*
1g
ET qiR {e,m{ fr+H qr-cbrt em<r*
sns omrqq r Bm{ri <rqq n,c*fr.o{ BB"*
*ttr' qit{ N*c
&"rft **..0r 6 ;i# ;k d ,,ft ;;
rr'&,
r*
e
wnFu
leilsr
Eqffiles
qr-*

"Rrr+

wlorfiv qirQ

I
b

qitsrrf o.{E

<Tv qzt*rlt rr{

F3

kr

ry

ffi;*"q,

]t

dtq

,^ffi prmft_r_.*
m r cau1rrr qE-.qrmi q{,, | .t flQ t *
id;'"t$}.*,,
rn tt',rtu ftrrqrtu qs rr, ;{;f{""H'Gr
"*, Ers
Es vt 6rT {8rs,,1.1q
'tfrm{ Trd r{R vtoF {Gr nrc3mr;r :.;H n@-d
Fsrf\rr ffi* vm
,frfi, E''!ot,
*'

E&t Etr&

S:YIfi

i;

ffnffiq.t

Bs'ffq-{

fralqgrFq

(Rauonal technique of production)

;
'
t$ IfufrKqlh Bauonal law) ;
(u) W{tr{ sil (Free labour)
;
o) ${{Ki$qfrfrs Ur<m
e <mrffis-G{
(commerciarization and marketization
of t,e productions of labour)
Bmrnr {eTrh
-fu]

*fufu(

I ,c{rfl Eq_

T<o

slrscqs
E{I v.{fl{R6rr$

ifitis,

p,

qffT q(ffin

***;

a* #'*{r*, 6{, 6{,K ; ffi- #; #-;"

qr6{<-sr

'fl5'IcsRI $-{TIft TEE

I Bm* qErc

ffiE

*rR"

{& *nr*

-ft ;;

ffi

-O m qffR +6<l qi

cetn.lg

ffi mfffi

| 6TrH

6q{

$5 qr$fus wnqken (qeFI 'rg)

)Bs
emiln.{FH6{,Re{{(mI_R{{('fr{(etgftEdnFTry{fficeK'n
,na R I Elst {cs E1u1s Hrffi
u1p1+<r fu|--* qq fr*
**
fi;
*.
**
$
qftmK qffiFH qI qsil

TG[C{ (the

cl"tl<t re
t-"*. frfl{ ot* .* ,{{t-{ffi {d tffi ca-<lcfi
crttflicE ER.rq I t"r<q q{ft&Rq ?fi BrEq srd-{
{eon f{srfi em<tftt <n<ir frq-ortn
+ff+
q&ml wzo Sqnco EEIIF e t& rrq< f{$t't \ttRq s-RTt Frd't ft ryl
61, qretrt e
m qrfrfi,*fiqtr{ 5sfr{,'G'rrff rpilft
q*
<(dH
ck
rut
r
E(
qfiqp6_$&ffi
ffi @-l",o s

*ur*rr** <*r-.1i**

qfr+t KtqN 'm<

fi

c{ s'Gt te-{xmr

ffi

s6Rq

qdfffi

yT''iq{rfi

-trB

6sFt

xqe ffi<m ffi sGK1.i< <lFrir mrqffi Tqrq RrfqEl(< ers-<t<

q:F q3trffi qsft :lr{f{fr e<( T6ld ffir${ d.r$lifi C,rG
qrn-rq I 6$6F[], {e
'|tr{ 6{
G&-rg cqfi TB ql

64,

frF1s

q{,.,HIE-fl

qffi*Tt {-r( qs rcnrqi t rolt, err<trd

<Ir{t'Ic+

'fifiIm

* lffr<'r<rtr
:tG-<rcn-<Ss-tE = Capttalism
flo
: Marxist Explanatloa
of
frEfr ffi

ft9
pa
u-* $F.t6< Cqft& ffi s ). {G
crrrffir

fi"$ cqr q<(,rl'{-wcl-d q?FF6{

-txd;qre
tffi ffi{

Rlg qtagfi qtfi6t-{ t qat qmss 11bryAla-d

qrFK fi{v1 O"rm r vtn vt{ tfrqM ql-$fis TS{
41 c16q 6{6
qfuT

<rem arc{

'166

q6{ rBt

T.rq

:IErrn#

,Fr

vtn uq<

.*

qtlftnrf

+1fqillq

t&K"

I[trl tBcrtfu:Tll-s imlcq elg{ cnlt

Cq'{

ilqtr

$[{fC'Bt

<x ed
q tlvlr t 1x' v<wrft:ryIT
oft :r<,16 ffis <i<Ptta EFur93 qq Sfr
.{:rs qflrffi wq qffi q5g qry 1 3rryqffi 1c6m dft e {mn S{q 6-K q<q cws ctllrcqsr
refiH

lffi

e$lr[q;t

ctlgt'llr{sGl

Es< qn cws

q{llqi

$6m dfu
qme-{ dft IF ?Fr< I efFrcfd **u *
. {6Tqr xp c$ft qqrffi q+ tftrs

qYq
qr6tm w|q 'TdlgHA ]?m
qYt fte|gtrqruq T.K t
EEf<q +r< e<(dft I"'dI .6{r
wrrF[Il-?I crcq clcat r

{tF fiKm{n ft
T@ fr{fu$ Wmrq
<reql qEt
r <T_<fffii, Frq e mt{rRFl.
s
-*E
oft
ery.+
.{:FE
lr6lTt
!ft c(]I EsQ
IF s_
"ft-'6.69 Etrl r qr6a <cEFt R' r( e nqft&< {mqrEl
{B
dfu
**
c,tls
T6rut
1F(
wE{tms(I$lfunx,fr6q,Ut*oUt*etls'tfiFngqmtqbtsl(tl-il'qlQffia','lKlfu'4R
q*1 {rrycr< o1fi&-$, qq{ q{'r66E qd3 qan6
qqrffi
qr<rqr
qRre
e firwftm o*, ;#
fl, IMKKI I&ero e+ t<Sfr{ EtrrTI 'tr 'fi
q,r< r qf6q e 6K <X ,fipFm .B
$rgRs

tffi

"*

qfrEl
q{n urt u
ffi6mrt
Ermfu r=
emnxl{
vIilFI, rtr
$nq
cs,

Ccrctl c{

cHs Bq{q{ <K'{Et cF firs ?R' ^W

t {E r firq qll.s T{Ie-< 'lY{' sEI frG-q fi{I
eXO
Fm e <r<ct dirqI Sq"rtqzi e-ry
qc'r6 ffi<fr 't{m< B-p Bs"tmn rftttr
r qrftqiR HEs wrrm Eefiq{
Tr{r e qql qTQ U*
qItrs ryrffir {c{i frdM:flI
q-g:flT qm tl\''lT t sq,|Tfl wm <Tqs q,flT IE {trN
58oo

w rr+6na

15.'*ril

<1ff* Etro Tffi lrcm

<6 i qma {t qrq BcqIFl rc{'

\. ftrq

rrfr

UErtrf

Origin and developmont

qfr<6rfi
,nffi$ <T-*a qr$q Fwc\ 6c"ttqq <r<"{I e $qoft({ Tar6 iF:[Itls

firFwca

CommunLst

qt

.aDfi
l(m1g

kq!

(rFlGrlt
qrnf,Gfl

lFfrrrtui

rk.#
1prcrt
u?fr,

mtfrr
tHlU,;11
frfrGlrfi
furmql
rlu,

Bt

sr

lhr

rsrs, il
ev<nfl

qeffitr <rrr{t
<p61gq

(the

-bouigeoisie

)81

histoiically has played a most revolutionary part-

Commttnist manif,esto)

{r6fiR Krqf{Fs cdfrfuf,

wusr

qqRI q6I Ufe

{lrEE

(The theory of surplus value)

<iBK xl ffi5s1643 {CFt qet <rBqs rrr,r&L.o qftrfu'q{ t

{qfu 1Q rr< r w6ma STs liqi \3Ek c|f,sqlB vtt r {&"t&< ?FBH1{I, +IilTH
c{R
mFr {r, c{t {fr Tr Ufirr U{ firfrmm gt Nr$ frq E'qIrfrE Em I qcru {tfrs, Ufrr
Bq,nfts Er<Fr {t {ryi vrr clT|-{JE{ E$ Ufrr+i rfitGFo c{cs 'rn 6{cE qFffi q4I TER Rrqr{
qrH $frrfi orrsttt qR r UfrI<E ETeS {{i
aqH Ti.T r <rft frwnQ T{r{il, 138, vlg
<fr6 Efr-fl 'tlEl-{ T'r{
{t {{lFt, qffi iprft Rrcr< {tfrr {Gt {l3l q {e EalI t&<I,r
q<l{R{frs Rrryr{ pi a1{Ifrs cfrs
:fiftffi e!:{ffi Ufr+ qi Eq"nfi rFct g.tn mE
c'm {Ics* sr.d {trrTtir <iq{Fit q(qt E{-.s IFi| qfiS Ufi-+ rc tt'ot< 't"t, Os'fitFi $r{ q c{trF

G, erifr" ilrq, {{{q

SEfr Tt

i{t

ffif,

ffir

ffi

Ufin< o'r qqfi

<ts

ftrq a c{ qrc ctBR

E1u

{ry

<t

{rFrr

"rnocb

qm

Gs-rG s ft1qlz-131 1rytrrBr"r:=rrr<Irt

'IffiE-<
General e:planation of the ortgin and devblopment of capitalism

t
I

dfis,

I
I

i,
F

ir
I

F
i

F
It-

FqI

i"e

h..

;s
Hff
ft-qtr

vnn qvrr6 q:rfl

qIrfiu;rt +r*R t
om amit fr6EI ccH qr< qrrrH q<(
sm t&<rcq Br< e fr{rrm ry Ee erB rm"trs
q't({rur <mJ't I v,tt q{Ir{ t&.{nm-s frfrr.K q*{, qtft qI;r fi{K{ Trr.t:Pn6 qrFilDql F<t w{ I

{e<rm Er<

e<( R-fi.t qarc-6 ewrl;r qaq tr6ft{

ffi

<rfir-Trfqffii<

eFryri

te

q(qq{ dn&r$ Eqec:t qtF6r< s6

clFR q{5I ,q<( qffi Pfr'fi {m:Frn I q Tl3r["tt

i&qm

ffi1"rfiFs q1firq1< e<( Ee1frrq.t ,qprr+* {t{rc:r qFrr<Ff$ .tfgtl[il q-{tr{' Cnrt
vra c+s t qfirg tGr<Eq.{ frfir"t s,e pfi-O e11e6 a6s fi t tq'f$"t
6rra qfqq E flrn q{:Taft
:1arfr #q <cs qtp{ q{ q<(Et slc6t
cq6$ qq'6
RB{
T{,t <{t Tt{r Gr

ffi{u,

a& w

t& fffirl fqrr{

$l

q{

Tqltr$

fi

ffirflt

y+N, Tfr eqqFtq Rgr<d Trq ffi

*HffiffiH#Hffi
6ffi1q =,xr= {n{$rc
'trp:rs, {ffi
qftrfi $& qF frq{
I<?FTfi {qBFF q{

<1-<H1-qtAW

<m.q

q5qE

6qffi
,

Esertc-{

qst-{ftn rtUm

1R 'm r etrc

nn r*ffi qgr v{fr&< sE{{ o, o,q

terrp{ <I t&-{ffii frsH qqs< qs {t

qffi{ slrcst
{q qcq <rB rrfrsfil | Trgs r{ :{a{fu{ <rffism
qc{q
fm u'li qfi-s qR$ +-scs {rE6 qn I qrr \ilQ {e{&-{ Bs< e

<,<ra[rd

fi

$o,

q<(1e <Ifnei-$'IdGtsI Eq'tfur+

t&-<rmr R-firfi srr EAs c{trttmtrt <F?cfi

ffi qrt

E3t

rt{s, ffi<tuq-f kfiHR wvi qd qrcrffit cFrEI wil{ sffiiET ,c+ frrR Yft-+r Tmc
qrt r qt !m{ qfrrilFtgm q;r -TrS{ qrs'rr{ TEi R{ 4t s<( tffi ilt sq{t {r{rsR

v::E

)E/
qft3Fs sffite-K

'r< 6{H

w{rrs afl-rs q<(el-F tCK

{l$fr's qflqfrE.lq

t*^ry

ffi

rT-<rQs qa

(?teN

'fq)

<r{qt qxKt'l sGI

{l I *-rq {& qqs*

y. $q'l

q&G'fa",

ffirrq
frq erB

qmcqrffi

ffi{

fi"n'K eqI ffi{ 6"ilff{

rytq q{ srdfr{ wrs te-qmaa
ry^* emq qarr6 qrql6{t ffi< I
trga

**"'f {.1g'6< it* IFR- '-*qr'-"

"rltrcsl
,ry oc* sB.il-*- "ffi-lffii.q ; **"
tr qrt
#t;
fi qq-<l ;';-ft- ** ry
firr{

.,qsq1,
:rTrrq 6c {-?t(

"-;*ffi'"ffi**T5mry

>f:fiigis

***H*l;;"*
yftN n** *trT* w1'tftr*'
*4,

e'q <ft tG

{ffi'tt6{

*;;;

rr{rGrn

,mn*

q{qr+

cfi'IN

a'rc

*ent'

Sociatigm

t*- 1*'

ffiHffit"*.*'g:T'i('nft{
n*-**
* i **
-* r** **t
ry

tmt
wrcr$ cFt {fr
'' " RsI {r
{F {IrEi ffiT
cu*

o, $sR

fi

v<r *o'fi6

Bc'[EE

frfr qflq qt

qE q:FT qrl
<1ffi qIF

t|,F{

frmrqt

1ftsa1qml

1q{s

** m *{rsrs*i "t'gn arnq

mr.t5 o<G
qqle 6fiq q{qq TN t m$lqrffi
*-*
q*t*
i*"*
ft
q{flF, **;-S6u st$Im
qr
;;;G Ekq< q3H+ nfrrs w{t IE cqr

ffiffi

ereE
c{FUEt

w-{

m <rv&

ctrl
3t fd

8t

qeBE Bq{qq sK

{t{lirtC,ffil
> rsE

<r 1<dfr<F

'hFo

B"l

Md.ern tult

ffi
e.qt&q( d{t t
q$ {e< B's-fi{d "rcq 'cT 'nretq de-flrwt< Ire
qle
<(
o16 u{
stdr fr{r{flrq
etr{
ry
*^*-i
sq't
q$rft imtit'e toti* c'm
"'guq
q-${lmEq{tt
'
dffil, q& <{ sor
t""t *-<mq{l&-+

a
q-qi
TTrr6
r

c{Hnrn<lTqt.8
+tq Tr<
rfiK n,q q-n-d6 ffi6<
'*""'
mnq
tmh
smq*
Er{{o;-*" <raqt\s
%ffif,n'n
sre q<fi
<Ift[q'J< emr<

c{silr +rs
irIIFnil {rY"
aB6s qggi

'{rcna

qfcms-$

cot'tt<qs1qslqq{+.**

a.q{P

q-{N
6+-.fit, c{lttIRltl <r<ql
o. nmnmn n wtzt

l*ru orE:*m

ftdfd
s*t \r{s"rrrrftq { ;p <fs

ffit&r !sm${ "* 11ta

T{t ql{I ffi qctE.T
G{rs{rsm;tqlooqutr..o<ffitcsT{6qqR**htRm-'ttft'{sfl'q<q
**
g
T.cf,
{K
f<R sr<
"*
q{b'q 9tlffi *.N
w{rHI s*Iffi,$
"ft
vt<qr c$rq RBa

#;fietrqr'

ffi ffi

usmm
q6rd
o** o* {ry Bbre & q-{ 5+n{fird itll

qr6 fta
<Fqr q6r5.iq t q{Frsrd

'N;ttt*

'*g'

ofifu

cm

srt

ffi-ffil

qt $w< q{

'

qfr,

fir+qftn d

FruTF

'

frrrr-fgt

'a

sO

qpf6ry'

.ct rETr ltal\a

rr6fir -fl,ry

m?Fil a.l{ d

q{ffis
y.

$ffiffifq

<FlBfi

l8b

et1q.t r

q{{ ksB fls q-{RE srq $dR qErt, srerq{ e Eqfrqt lorftret sr<6x qxnq
Rq erB B{r{rfl I qfr5qq <r offi R-rqR vr$Tn {:n[ <rr"\ 6aB-ftBq Erfl .nfu e ffifrs
qrs[E | frG-{r tfr csn om {&<rrq'i f{sr.r IDIIS r$t{ yfu KH<
{C{t .rt,.,fBr R
t&-<Iq

.ss'q<,.<{t Tlrr cq {kfiqr E-w< s korn< qrJ

a:ilrq fi $rfirw{1a qkmtkrm+rrfr r r-rq e"Irr*

c<:r<

q{qa{ qfrr<.t

{ffrfi fu srcqn

t&Ttrmfir+rtftFlrr :

':xqiE-Ef <t<<

qqg+

<J<*tt

Socialism ano Soclalistic Ecnomic System

$qe64549 E"l-q*rq

(means of production) qNI&-$ TIkqFII c<( qNIfus f+uq <r{'irfi

fi6< qqlq cvttrrd e+,Rrfi affiryB+ qftTBs <,?ri{n< {|{Q JNMEE r qfiqffis:{{lq
q[Dq qI"I .q+ qNlfu-s cctrr{ 6$Irrq BsorE-fld Bom<q qliEI< frg6q pp1:fifi[sil q-(g {rre |
<iiGi Etne +t r vrqe i{E{ ffi l:ilqs-crd rrrr q-q sR E<rror {< ffi-rffi l:ffsis-cilst rrs$E

It

qtqtrrcf

F
i'
tq
FF
I

h-

Int

L*
r.
i
t-

E<I
i

i
i

FrsCE t,s.Tmr

<fts

)
i

qrFfsfGt

qfrfi E tR (means)
qar6:rqtt e+ re con<.t TGFI 1l I 6{:FI, rplsts rBI {C\r- Tsrlq ft'{ frcK tBt{
'rcq ffnqs@-d
fie r< sifrfil {:[rs-sci'n Ae|rtr{ cl$3t6t cFEI (ends) sffi

ffi

a1ry.;

s[r{ I qil sfuqE T{'rfu'r{ clTr&.-+ {tFrsHrn

6{sarr{ ryg <rBirs rGTn.t frre uF r qFI q-f,s.rd <Fr,ofrrl qMrs 6fr-[II Kl!fi:t ,ns r oFFEtrril,
Er{nqril :[trr scFt .h "rcq q{lqEE &&t qr< il I srrc-<r {(g qFgEI ?<gR-{ ',tq{TnQ h{tqq
aGfu qrs {rrl r qn <lfurts wry& rTr+Gr rGrF{I{ 6{TBr q:m <lfuro +FT*q cqggrn
fr5E ,qiirn rilrt .{<(sr

c6{

T-{r

(fardst. socialism)

{ffffi
qQ {ETr

[.

:{st&

{GrFit q&-St
s t arfl&e $fuflql< qlptfr cet6p R ElTr <t {ryIqt cffs Er< gt mrmt qqTroi( {t{i slrq<
6{rtlgt <I efrgrq{ c-Nfft wfq wF <ms qr< r tmt{-John Hailowel, Main currents in
Mdern PotiticalTtaught(new York : Holt, 1950 pp. 886-39)

:nfffi{sfqscf

lry

cfoTg e<,.\t ftfud {q

fr'rrr

r"

q?t sF[IEEt,

m:TNr&-s ffic{rd {s'rrg TGr

\e r q f{q, B sl'rFletsr c:ilff{ qsq Eq'tm6-< &p666r Tm&-$

Frdrd
[, e<(

Fm

r
qfd
?U<-refrn
>tT{Er<[Iq,
t I Tr1figEtr E|VT 6{I3FFI
tml t&<rq,
Wfs-f

t,
I

qq

: r <lBrto:tqffi <t $A<

r.

ffie

Tfffir

qrc

()u)v=)utrc) q{H KETRfu :l-[EI ?he communist Manifesto (1348) W[is":t

,neqfus rtsffis t{rs{L< c{tn sr< >rq{flf <T etpl{q .qe wr qqCI'frot

q-Gl-{E ErAq[rlfqi q4ii qcq Critique

of Political Ecorumg Obrab) r sf< 6f< c?ftDfil

qcq
iIlt<KI d.q
Das Kapital rllm WnqE-GiIt (tQffi Bible of socialism) TII q{ I It CFFI

)co

Uo :nqik$ Tqrqfi@n (qcl{ "ro

qgB ry\eq qnE aiFtFlg Efi I .{ qgd+fli nl6rqn cBrc qrfl-s <E4I qr(q FmrSwAR q54E eFffict
Cqrt frBf {-sr;K T5trqsEi ErF ?Filt qfrq r 'qs[ft
irR'[E ] t'qRq-t q$. ft$ rc|ft\o
:{{'116
q-{R qtflqga {e*K gofln qq'rr6 qp{s T{ I q{tr* sr& q'<lFc"t

ffif

q{ffi

xfffi<t

{FFrrBIvq<UrO< +;IEEI-

st

nmffi+
). Sf( ${Ei T[s mrsFl {Ctt mrorT q:lrq cftqBs q<,{rt @, ffi,
qffirsfiti'3fllT
(super
qlq&-+ ffi
fi{aq =Fra I c{ts fr fitmfi basic structure)

structure) Frmq qra

qclrqtqIFi!

{rrrq

64,

so

qtn w6q

t.

IfF

<rqt Tc{ Ti

qcf 6@r?

q. qr6q <cqq, "{ftan qpm l&qrq

Oft qrTr tMq r ,cK ,{TE Oft w Bqofiq'i {6d
qrq-n
ctff$r q41GEqenqEa6ffi{Fr51{t 6qrs<fur s{E .{t ctcrRf <l{6s QftIcslli"Etqfts1

Exqqftrdr c$ft r en xtfi-+ qfu Eq'nfi {@ rqfr{ RFNcr stq Trcs <t{i I
.ttFl9'
e. A cffi1g' eft qq qftKr r scm c1ft q"nqd q@R $frst Em {fu efi {ffi
c{rfu c<(Fgfu I 6FIFtr, {ftr$ Ufr-+ Oft Tlfrrs< qrr GI{FUi{ '1"1, Bs'nT{ ?Frn fi'n sK crrs
qfi?F rr:r q{Q cc rEfr ftcr[< c,rm fiF r <ft frq sttlttQ $g qtFn "rr$6 T{IFI, slv't "{<'.

ffi

tsS"fffi ?EIEBIqE:t
qfuf srrqr qEd qQ1 36a1
8. r[r6c .s< xre ctG< {Vq <l F6nm qlt rqlT {t c.F;t rE
q5g .{aqe'Emt qt{ qKSq sGI rlffi Bsflq.T q6'* $fr{ I qgq<, $6[ffi nrg <IE qrq:ire cnrrff{
I

'qfuKl
c.rr6q{rficq,&ffi+$mErn:rfuilUfr'+OA'rdlsstrcctioeqmq<qsEil
tearft et|m q:rsBnm Sc{E

).q

+;ttrt t sf*f Xffu+cffi 6r6q $qeXq1 {A frR[n 6{r<t q<q r[4om

wllrcara ryJTg 1$6a5 fi5-IIgI ftqn +rr<

rr6rffi rre E nmre 'FqKt q:nsiqil

sfrfu qF {rGI
<ts
{rfrffit{F Bq'nqq sGR B-{fu c<( Bq{qzl {q'|-[<R qc$ "rfir<fr ' silq ffir<6n< {1
?FGF[ q<o\wiiq ffi{a qfi 'Ei"l3i
+r<q r &fi l&qffi f<&a qcq fr&A r*r+< )Frne3r +efi ErF-{

u. :E
frrsGs qs-r

E-trt, qrr[p61r

cra{ 6FmB

e.

qfu$T {inq <tr{ te{e e qf,qrfi dftF frW qrs '{Vtrl I

A.ftcs qftqs q6g Tfc< I Qft 6{of,"t
ge.ftt
q q<pernr .cr Wtg f<?ft-$ qmrnffi {I{rn irftrfl cIft Gq{q-{ q6{ qTrle-{
iEttrt q<". qEfu qr< tTflqslFs mil-q

Itr.*

$fsqlft afr{ ffiq-I&ERq ffi q(r{ 'hffis "rfu qq ?Eil {n I e< s&il "ldIR
gq'fiq{ xcr6 r 3rys ofrbt q{zl< Usfl{{ a"Irft{ qre{ fl{tR-{
rcvcq frr.n BqqTqq qffi e
A+rc" eT e+tt FrffiS TPr6 <rfiq | fiza ffir'Ilrf lv6 cqsc'l YlI{lT'fFo ll qE
I

1il

ffir.tfui

vqcF<lfu

c.fl

afuasp;

cA{rkFEi
,trtrr qqlt

arx,urh*

r. Tt!

ff-fir3rft Aftcn1l51 qT <r c$ft c?drrr+ rtrft smq r 6r< xre EI$-s tffi l:lrffi *6t'at ctft
q-{iftr+
$qrflqi {Gilr {fi {c$I(tt e+ f{flk+ Vfim 9tI.{{ TRzq I q?Ffr-m, Esefffi 1R "tne
qqftq {ftm qff< anw cs3ffi 6{ryQ D@(qt &fi <rm R, n.ffrs dft e {-ftIfrI ufr+ ofu
. dft Tmrq EFt'cSfr crffi qfrFflr s{Hs {ftKt
.rqr<t cv+< fiq {$ks Trq <l-fift

rqrtFnq
ilt

c<fifrcm

rrfra r
:FTIFE ffiilh
BfT rg1:t61tli

T.UmrtI

fctftrc GGC
11ftrik
rrrgD xc q{r
fiu r(ilfr oft
'itr{rft c{Tr

). lrlfr.'ffF (primitive phase) e qt,f{rsm EIfr{ cnuilft. t{m,qtE sENr t;il

ERrq I nmfu {cet< ,n 'ffirfln c{Eq EtEyrfl{ {qrqrfiEl
fu qiisq cNf&-s ?fiS, I {rf, fiB$
Qmrq 6q, E?n {cT&rs vffiom Qq TI, crft oftsq
(.tFrcfi.a]E,
Qq qr, Rq
"n

<rn

qr6l slrc <E

"-*

ffH

(srave-hotding phase) c et ,f6H.

t{fr?t -,"* .rB*
"",e
qrsrq
qFrfiR
<zqi {H siil
I
Bqottc1 T6n T1BI p;rq flr11-{ {rse r ftcc e 6{161 qrrffi3
cEfiEIGn
l
i

*
t:

tp
i

!
I

f,.
I

It

h
{
f

ilI
rB
E

i
t

trr
r"F

u.:T[rns'I{Ig (rcuaal phase) s quq-t&qrr{d ei ,Iftr{ ql,r <r{r{I qK

ilsq-rs
ffiE ql il I c "rftR y--slft-fl Efrnc-?ss emr{.Trs srm< qfrN Er{Filn r(e ?rl{r iFcir
I

E.u, qT'rrEI YfiIT qfiM]'{ qqm

E"MFNI.. frT frqil .tftq r gT{ EI3I V_.IftrC.< YfrFt{
Crc<t 6<Fl$ 6{F ellng lI I equ v.frq< E'EI EFI
TF{t {f,[q;t r1tfi ep1ct
I

1r6mr'rfrr (Bourgeoisie phase) s c "rftrg <fts_<l-firfr c1ftr qrB c.or qsB

t<flf{+ ifu[E "rRqs Es r q<r y--qftrm ,t'T{ crwcfir q?r{Fr sER,
{frs aftrs fiH[qR
<rq+r-<ftg E =FEITII.TiBI iFni qlrrBi rq<(qrK qgl.5El fr+nt qDrg
c. ffi
1{f* (capitaltst phase) c e ,fftcx Bs,nm T{16.t
f< ,rm sm qftr*t
c$fti q<qne c{Q DrI r qftrrr Aft frE\il c{llc{ y-utls {r-c<p r c<p-+qt,
,; Eqtrfu ,rcq, \i,trq.r
qfrsR
6t Trr{slrlR
I q<r'r iFrII qRI c".utfu qn .fi1frffi'mn v$ cIft cros,{st
orm r ct
=tftcn
TftKT Ofti qr6rrK wu 16.rm {efl-emi Es{E !En< qR( wm-t&qrrry(
,,a.q
a.

ryqqfr's rftr*i pm

F
FTT

[<r

ffils

al l qqglftrsrn erftmmf

ftLr
t

F=
r
I

"6,

ffi+ sft6s qm r fr:na<

Aft

q5q

ctF$

q<qf{ t.

qtftqi qcs 'l<-{qN qmTft ,tdrr{ c$ft e KEAT

mIq qGfu qs11 {ffi cqfi Tftcd
qe6E qe{EI T{I Rq r sr qt qat Tfl qfiqI
wfffi cfle-q qefu qmrq | {r6q "Fft{t

TCiI gil TBI6f <IIYfi TrtrR{

rr ft$ \{trilfr:
-qnorqq+'r*d5ilB.
Yclfarc Gconomy or mixed cconomy
tkqlft cm-$

D
'

+irm

v. qqrqurrq-f '|-rtlff (socianst phase) e e

"ffi'r6 Esrnviq 16 amrfuo rrfufl411 cg1-s6 r
rlTs sBr {{j-so T]q Ftrr< tc<( 6{ttrot q$rfr ttffis {Ic<t r s :ltrfi
qsdFl B
qFFr{

Fft

F"

CTrq

<F-r{t 6r-a qTfrr$ e$E D-{T cd<FAT wirfr^s

m c{ <I?lxff r el {Ftl{fit 6q q{<retr strs sEfiq{qr$ q(fi&

qfiG
firi
(Mixed economv) qrq cBRs sil qr-r r qITfl qtfi
EilGrD

tffi

qds-{r{t qufro qEa r q

iFFE

lT{ffis

(welfire economy)

R, IRar

ctr.r {&q& <t {ft-s cgft iarmr

q{<r<r{r

*{tr*

tI

r** *pi *ruuq.<,,

so rt<lfir+:ffiqfrElq (qq{

)cl

T)

aryg]*

.s<'.<ffii r uffo 6ry65'6'i|q't

q<(q {r<,{Ii &R qq ffiq,ens't
eletm't sffi q<lrs arrt t 'c
utu-T=
tW
qrd
I
qqrv
Wi
qqc{< xc$ Tm&'fls Tcl I
'rv FIim
qlGr+ c{ft oft* {e{e oft
q{-{r<r{rir sR

,llGr

o]
'lfi* $t

Bc"nq;;#

gt

1t

tt
bl
)ol
))

q{IFiKufr.{dft5.fien?rccBrFrqraqlr.q{qR.tffie|RG|T{{5;mqFFBIupa,56s{{

**,*

w{rfrr$

,pm

qfr q
Frmq +r< r

orq( nr6s gKI

iaq;a
=uffir$

{rr

{tin 1{-9'rlffi< {rqtr{rn

qdil<,orm KIrK

<r<'m sffirT<

;-fifr"

qtlrc r en-{ft E3 .{TE

q q4.<r<,erlr

arr{nfi n{'{t

*r& o* io*o*

B'"ffm

ffi{

ulR-Tl

s'tIF

B<] cI{|Gt

{r$

qrFr

q{'

e<({sq

Eq'ilqr+d E'tR

)tt

s{If}t

5e

cetrqCsqrrr {f l 9'6{ {tfi.I,

tru{r qFft {rrnl <t qrfto'

fift=; T:Y*
Wem qYtc@
Fmfcfr {I$on tql a*m aq<

=ffr'<t
')l

"flIn

tl

I
oo q*Gm.$qr{antl-'Q+tql&'tlssm
sETtlqTr{.qdft&
qlI-fi firs qdft& (Mixed economy) <l
e 1Q <r+am n11fl{tfrR-sa
s,trcr< {Ift-{ff3 C6q'FIq"tG' {&',t& 5t'
<.TN 'rR stt6
economy)
[welfare
qt r aEfr;fte s-f{r<rtla tp'rt""Ytaxatibn
{rfiolm qsSGI W.ra
q..rctft*
qfr{ Ofu
Kffi FEn 6fi ; {I re<
cr.|
fr<tt
eT
'qTllc-{
e
fi
c{
<$'?ttrl-r
system) ${rcl vrrn< atlQy
Ql {l ; Eltt'fFF EL?rc
EIffi
tr{
cfifr{
u-{'lc"t-d
qF
*u
rFitl
fg'q
E{ I
fim6t qR
tsffi r qftq q <'u'{r*
;
qiqq
c*n{'
I
s<I E{
qr*{-go
cNIk{ fiK'ts'lK
'ct fir't
qlflFs FFI'lst fiftsGr q{ I {ffiq'
{l{rd
gttFft-{ GI qlqm
666"1
xrtrezqBln
e<(qil{
qm[qr
q{ftG <I
*trs{
<r+p{t 6{$

o*i**
;

sil; ry
ry't*'
-#';='q'srd"l

{ff

In

q1(fia-<

{m

qKHd q"urq

trt ;**,

m;'G'C
fiE u6ft& 5lq.ryr eF eTFrrs

et
gl

.c<n

ffiq

l.

ct

sr

1t :
E.t f'l
., bt 1
)ol I

6rr

ryf,

&'*Gy.F y6.ay
q{'tn

",t
o qaa q{ql-n q'n< qd fi

))r

)tt

)et !

caRftfis
e
{rK I :Frq q{ryn oft elFrt

*ni*e q"{ T *
ffit {I{ , coqfi'qm< Iw-Yltrs
<r<qH
frtT
cft@
vifts
ofu
-t.
aq
qff$
*" #
qFfifr-{ Efr'q6+ r{ff,
"

)81 q

'

lp.

)r T!

tl ilt(

0l *
IT

ffift
/

m+m r w*fr<

ffirB e {rfr**K

o*{"{qE@{

erd< e

ft

fi

ffi

? :qr<dq{q1Rrm

T
\t qltG< {lFrsril <rp ft 6{Rtl{ r $FrF{t
qlrFt6{l EI
$t.t {IFFFHI rc{r6
{c,GK
rift.s
fre{
fr+Io*
*,"
oi

lr

qts

ql]FtE{tT!{ |
nqf{6r q$-q e :Tlw{tfr

ffirq

qc'rfr s $FffiqK ffict qt[q16il sn

tfr

tI

8lqtfr.orm{flqql{FrsTI.'3qc{fr<fiI.t$Fffi{ff,xc$'"t{ds,q{'rr6

8r

?l
i{

q{lf{&T

<i<re[

56e

. s I tfti-{tc q{ts A 6{FnR ? t&-qlft rFfl-q ts qdftBd ffir6l qrmDqr Fn

1t {&<rcn< Bst& B frsrm qr$q srs{rft{ qq or(rrflE-<t B
y I ft-{Rr-i Bsorfr e fron rillorr6 rT{ffT <nqn ,rftmrFrr
n
-tfrfiri E-s< e fr--sn.tR cr{Kq <nqn Emq q<
bI
)o r &<fi <qry yfr ft rqn r sr<fts :T{nffi {frrnfr-i ft-+m;n qbm smq <il$'r T-n
)) I qrflqrost <-qre yfr ff ccRr T5IrqE.@.n T.c{<Ffr ctqK6t Gfrfr's ftG BzAq +-<
I

)t I qfffi

)e

HIqg.cR <mfi qT I ,
sEnq{s q4ft& qq-{ fr{ c{ftfr mre vfr

qG's itsfr et:[ s

) r {atfrn q(6'r s ffiI BrEc s-n
\ r c'qiEn flrqrt4K {3t.rTHr ts@{ T-n

fi

c<r{I z Enr<q-c{ <rTrrT qN

I
cr
sr
qr
Er
.. b I
)o I
8

I
5t I

,rytrfi mrcq qt,ftR {tF{sriT e Gtr6t ml-q RE ?

qr$=s Fm wrm qltfu( {GrmrR x-qi <n!u'r :n;r
tk<m T{F yfr fi c{'qr I
cnqqi<qcsft r<Rr{ ?

frdcdftfrft

r
tr
ei
8r
)

{.
)

{tl-qR <f* ns I
clTg lrt eR <f{tET

{&Trft IE

qR

<f+r crs

ryqo& <-qre ft c<r+mr

<tcrfl-mrrr cc[cq EH csnr$n

r;ga3:p1fus-Trfr$ril &-qr\5 fl
TGordr( Bu-< sFr qr[ETrFIr rit

A-w< sT.,tK {afcr $rtrc

<ifu48 TqoftR rfm e fr"rrm yfr

{eqm <qrc

\9

fi fi {B fiH osrr<?

fi

c{r<lBr ?
gsotfu s frq-6.1.s6sj61u
1E-+rcnr
il?nn ft <-qr qrrqr
qr6c
q5r
<qrs
<1
Qe
$ETCqia {&-qrn f{flr"t e<

:El
8

Tqirqg$ qdftG <qr.e- ft 6{RrE

ffeElrcr ctfr etdrl cR <ffl qTs

)8t q$s\aft

r.

qrc

))

)e

ft

\
csn

y-ft-<Fr

qnqT{-s se[ frg q{ft&

qdftG rEr EC*R?

<-ECE

fi

c<Rl'Er

I et cdftB[s

Vfrxrssrrhrt c$n ffir+< sdfr& qs o.n?

c$q

eq7

q16.a6a1

I
+nfiqq-$ Eefi fr{
8

(s{:l
BE {l$Grc ffiiqGrrq

'r()

u (McQ)

g dtqlqfr

ffiffiT'TT-**'ffif
q*
3"H;i n*:*
*& **

w{End q6R,"

6 vrPi+rn<:fiIrq a ryercrFtv q{t

r ; ; T*T rnfir$'{tfiSccyqrF
@ :cav:{r6 @
cfis &fr ftt
8 r {*<rt*
cmar

\e

e
O qfioT r
rlFmlat
6l Eq'rtql <6 <lB

6--4i1

6l

@ :il{sqrrrffi

ffinq

@ )tilb cr(q

@ :veucfFl
@

qr4 Frga

qtEla 6'dJI

ql-d.tlft

srdt

tqtt-t$s< m t'
Firl {5-(
l{cl
tC-< ff{I{
*
.smr, qryn,
.s*r,
#
uns
o*,
I
cr r
r{{rd-d<
rs-{11-q<
n'r{q-'sK
n'r{q-'sK
e)
@
,eB-q<
@ ,eB-q<
vI Imfi< soTq q{'rfr
@ Qs e'qra
T-***.
s"r
@.qMs
T6rI ftw <t q{z
q r tr"ry* <$E
nr
n<fr
5*fr
o
o
6, q3E
ry- 'cT^ f{flfr{ !ft$I '|lffi *r
*
*.o
qw4Efff
*u
ry'*
b.t r{'r6q e
6L x{'tmm
{$I$<1
6)
@ rtlfrs<l
$r
,
ren-frs-rc< <ffil'{ t{srcs
r r r$Rry1 T{$o
o Fffi{c'l
O
fica"
@ "rtqTqn {cq
cflm

itnn {E$-o<

'

g uR
''rurv
g
t 'rtut

?F6jt(q'?

@ c{r{r{l
qr{r{s{c
@ ql{F"-sq

'"M6ffi*fffiu*T1*
q'ftrc

+F#sZr

\l?t

qls .le t 1

8lq

cltl lvts

1l"l

ut{

.ri

xttl

)oltl