SYNTAX

English word order: SVO

Pro-forms:
Pro-NP words: he, she, it, they, us him, her, that
Pro-VP words: a form of do, be, have
Pro-PP words: there
Pro-AP words: such
Example:

The ducks ate the bread. They ate it.

The ducks ate the bread. The ducks did.

Such men.
I went to the store. I went there.
Very foolish men.

Phrase Structure Rules:

NP (AUX) VP
NP (DET) (AP) N (PP)
S

AP

(ADV) A

VP

V (NP)

VP

V (NP) (NP)

VP

V (NP) (PP)

VP

V (AP)

PP

P NP

X CONJ X

Head: the central, obligatory member of the

phrase.
Head-initial languages have the head as the first
member of the phrase.
Head-final languages have the head as the final
member of the phrase.