Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(METODE DEFORMASI)
(DISPLACEMENT METHOD
ATAU STIFFNESS METHOD)
Handayanu
(x, y , z )
Handayanu
f1 x ,d 1 x
f 2 x ,d 2 x
k = konstanta peer
(kekakuan peer)
L
Node (titik)
Node
f1x gaya titik lokal
d 1x
Handayanu
derajat kebebasan
x arah
koordinat
(titik) lokal
derajat kebebasan
3
f1x k 11
=
f 2 x k 21
Handayanu
k 12 d1x
k 22 d 2 x
2
d1x
d 2 x
L
Handayanu
u = a1 + a 2 x
a1
u = [1 x]
a 2
Handayanu
u(0) = a1 + a 2 (0) = d 1x = a1
u(L ) = a1 + a 2 (L ) = d 2 = a 2 L + d 1x
d 2 x d 1x
Selesaikan a2 : a 2 =
L
Handayanu
d 2 x d1x
x
d
u
+
=
1x
Didapatkan:
x d 1x
; u = [N 1
L d 2x
x
dimana : N1 = 1
L
Handayanu
d 1x
N 2 ]
d 2x
x
; N2 =
L
10
11
N2
L
N1
1
Handayanu
N2
L
12
1x
2
d 1 x
= ; = E
L
Handayanu
d 2 x
13
k d 1x
k d 2 x
f2 x = T
T = f1x = k d 2 x d 1x
T = f = k d d
2x
[]
k = k
k
Handayanu
k
k
(
(
(
( 2x
f1x = k d 1x d 2 x
f2 x = k d 2 x d 1x
Metode Elemen Hingga (LL1206) JTK-FTK-ITS
)
)
)
1x )
14
15
3
F3x
k1
Handayanu
2
F2x
k2
16
k 1 d 1x
k 1 d 3x
Elemen 2 :
f3x k 2
=
f 2x k 2
Handayanu
k 2 d 3x
k 2 d 2x
17
Handayanu
( 2)
= d 3x
= d 3x
18
F3x = f 3x + f 3x
(2)
F2x = f 2x
(1)
F =f
1x
Handayanu
1x
19
1
F1x
f 1(x1 )
3
f 3( 1x)
f 3( 2x )
f 2( 2x )
F2x
F3x
Handayanu
20
0
k2
k2
k 1 d1x
k 2 d 2x
k 1 + k 2 d 3x
or
[F] = [K ]{d}
Handayanu
21
F1x
F2 x
F
3x
k1
Handayanu
0
k2
k2
k1
k 2
k1 + k 2
22
[k
(1 )
k1
]=
k 1
d 3x
[k
Handayanu
( 2)
k2
]=
k 2
d 3 x
k1
k 1
d 2 x
k2
k 2
23
f 1x
d
1
0
1
1x
(1) (1)
k 1 0 0 0 d 2x = f 2 x
1 0 1 d (31x) f 3(1x)
( 2)
( 2)
0 d 1x f1x
0 0
( 2 ) ( 2)
k 2 0 1 1 d 2x = f 2x
0 1 1 d (32x) f 3( 2x)
Handayanu
24
f (1) 0 F1x
1x ( 2 )
+
=
f
F
0
2x 2x
f (1) f ( 2 ) F
3x 3x 3x
(1)
(2)
1
0
1
d
0
0
0
d
1x
1x F1x
(1)
(2)
k 1 0 0 0 d 2x + k 2 0 1 1 d 2x = F2x
(2)
1 0 1 d (1)
0
1
1
d
3x 3x
3x
Handayanu
25
0
k 1
0
k2
k2
d 1x F1x
k 2 d 2 x = F2x
k 1 + k 2 d 3 x F3x
k1
Kompatibilitas
d (1) d ( 2 ) d
1(1x) 1( 2x) 1x
d 2 x = d 2 x = d 2 x
d (1) d ( 2 ) d
3 x 3 x 3 x
Handayanu
26
Handayanu
27
K 11 | K 12 d1 F1
K 21 | K 22 d 2 F2
K 11d1 = F1 K 12d 2
F2 = K 21d1 + K 22d 2
Handayanu
28
0
k 1
k2
k2
k
2
k2
k1 + k 2
0
k2
0 F1x
k 2 d 2 x = F2 x
k 1 + k 2 d 3 x F3 x
k1
d 2 x F2 x
d 3 x F3 x
F1x = k 1 d 3 x
Handayanu
29
30
k2
k 2 d 2 x = F2 x
0
k 1 k 2 k 1 + k 2 d 3 x F3 x
k2
k
2
Handayanu
k2
d 2 x F2 x
k 1 + k 2 d 3 x k 1 + F3x
Metode Elemen Hingga (LL1206) JTK-FTK-ITS
31
32
Handayanu
33
k1=1000 lb/in
3
2
[ k ] = 1000
1000
(1)
1000
1000
5000 lb
[ k ] = 2000
2000
( 2)
k3=3000 lb/in
2000
2000
[ k ] = 3000
3000
( 3)
3000
3000
1000
0
0
1000
3000
0
3000
[ K] =
1000
2000
0
1000 + 2000
+
0
3000
2000
2000
3000
Handayanu
34
0
3000
2x = 2x ;
1000
0
3000 2000 d 3x F3x
0
3000
2000
5000
d 4x F4x
F1x F1x
F F
2x 2x
=
F
0
3x
F4x 5000
d1x = d 2x = 0
0
0
Handayanu
0
0
0 d1x F1x
0
0
0 d 2x F2x
=
3000 2000 d 3x 0
2000 5000 d = 5000
4x
35
11
d 4 x = 15
11
in
in
1000
0
0 0 F1x
1000
0
3000
0
3000
10 = 2 x
1000
0
3000 2000 11 F3 x
15
0
3000
2000
5000
11 F4x
F1x 909.1
F 4090.9
2x
F
0
3x
F4 x 5000
Handayanu
36
11 f 3 x
909.1 lb
909.1 lb
f1x 909.1
=
909
.
1
f
3x
Gaya Elemen 2:
2000 2000 10 11 f3x
2000 2000 15 =
11 f 4 x
909.1 lb
909.1 lb
f3x 909.1
=
909
.
1
f
4x
Handayanu
37
0 f 2x
4090.9 lb
Handayanu
f4x 4090.9
=
f 2x 4090.9
4090.9 lb
38
[ k ] = [ k ] = [ k ] = [ k ] = 200
200
( 2)
( 3)
k=200 kN/m
(1)
(4)
=0.02m
200
200
0
0
0
200 200
200 400 200
0
0
0
0
200
400
200
0
200 200
0
0
Handayanu
39
0
0
0 d 1x F1x
200 200
200 400 200
d F
0
0
2x 2 x
0
200 400 200
0 d 3x = F3 x
0
0
200
400
200
d 4 x F4 x
0
200 200 d 5 x F5 x
0
0
d 1x = 0
d 5 x = 20 mm = 0.02 m
F2 x = F3 x = F4 x = 0
200 200
200 400
0
200
0
0
0
0
Handayanu
200
400
200
200
0
400
200
0 0 F1x
0 d 2 x 0
=
0 d 3x 0
200 d 4 x 0
200 0.02 F5 x
40
400
200
200
400
0
200
200
400
400
200
0
d 2 x
d 3 x =
d
4x
Handayanu
200
400
200
0
0 d 2 x 0
0 d 3 x = 0
200 d 4 x 0
0.02
0 d 2 x
200 d 3 x =
400 d 4 x
0
0
4
0.005 m
0 .01 m
0.015 m
41
2x
0
200 400 200
0 .01 = F3x
0
0
200
400
200
.015 F4 x
0
200 200 .02 F5 x
0
0
F1x 1.0 kN
F
0
.
0
kN
2
x
F3 x = 0.0 kN
F 0.0 kN
4x
F5x 1.0 kN
Handayanu
42
f1x 1.0 kN
=
1
.
0
kN
f
2x
1.0 kN
Gaya Elemen 2:
200 200 0.005 f2x
200 200 0.01 =
f 3x
f2x 1.0 kN
=
1.0
kN
f
3x
Handayanu
1.0 kN
1.0 kN
1.0 kN
43
f3x 1.0 kN
=
1.0
kN
f
4x
1.0 kN
Gaya Elemen 4:
200 200 0.015 f4x 1.0 kN
200 200 0.02 =
f 5x
f4x 1.0 kN
=
1.0
kN
f
5x
Handayanu
1.0 kN
1.0 kN
44
2
2
1
1
Rigid Bar
Handayanu
3
P
x
k3
4
2
3
45
(1)
d 2x
Nodal equilibrium :
Handayanu
(2)
= d 2x
(3)
= d 2x
(1)
F1x = f1x
(1)
(2)
P = f 2x + f 2x
(2)
F3x = f 3x
(3)
F4x = f 4x
(3)
+ f 2x
46
(1)
f1x
F1x
(1)
f 2x
f 2x(2)
(2)
f 3x
Handayanu
F3x
3
4
P
(3)
f 2x
(1)
f 2x
2
f 2x(3)
(2)
f 2x
(3)
f 4x
F4x
4
Metode Elemen Hingga (LL1206) JTK-FTK-ITS
47
k1
k1 + k 2 + k 3
k2
k2
k2
k3
0 d 1x F1x
k 3 d 2 x F2 x
0 d 3 x F3 x
k 3 d 4 x F4 x
0
Handayanu
k1
k1 + k 2 + k 3
k2
k3
0
k2
k2
0
0 0 F1x
k 3 d 2 x P
0 0 F3 x
k 3 0 F4 x
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
( k 1 + k 2 + k 3 )d 2x = P
0 0 F1x
0 d 2x P
=
0 0 F3x
0 0 F4x
Reaksi Perletakan:
P
d 2x =
(k 1 + k 2 + k 3 )
F1x = k 1d 2 x
F2 x = k 2 d 2 x
F3 x = k 2 d 2 x
Handayanu
49
Handayanu
50
F
x
Kurva deformasi
thdp gaya:
k
x
Handayanu
51
52
G = G(x)
maximum
netral
minimum
p = p (d1 , d 2 , L , d n ) = p ({d i })
Turunan pertama dari p (dinyatakan sbg p )
digunakan untuk meminimumk an p
Handayanu
53
Handayanu
54
u
Fungsi Deformasi sebenarnya
x
Handayanu
55
p =
p
d 1
d 1 +
p
d 2
d 2 + L
p
d n
d n
p = 0
p
d 1
p
d1
Handayanu
= 0,
=0
p
d 2
= 0, L ,
(i = 1,2,3,L , n )
p
d n
or
=0
{d}
=0
56
k = 500 lb/in
x
Handayanu
57
p = 250x 2 1000x
1
U = kx2
2
= Fx
1
p = kx 2 Fx
2
p
p =
x = 0
x
Handayanu
x
p
=0
= 500x 1000 = 0
x
x = 2.00 in
p = 1000 lb in
58
10000
p = 250x 2 1000x
PE
8000
6000
4000
2000
x
0
-4.00 -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
-2000
59
k1=1000 lb/in
3
1
k3=3000 lb/in
5000 lb 3
1
1
1
2
2
2
(
)
(
)
(
)
p = (e)
=
k
d
d
+
k
d
d
+
k
d
d
p
1
3x
1x
2
4x
3x
3
2x
4x
2
2
2
e =1
f1x(1)d1x f 3x(1)d 3x f 3x(2)d 3x f 4x(2)d 4x f 4x(3)d 4x f 2x(3)d 2x
Handayanu
60
= k 1d 3x + k 1d1x f1x(1) = 0
= k 3d 2x k 3d 4x f
k1
0
k 1
0
Handayanu
(3)
2x
k1
k3
0
k3
k1 + k 2
k2
p
d 3x
p
=0
d 4x
d1x f1x(1)
k 3 d 2x f 2x(3)
= (1) (2) ;
k 2 d 3x f 3x + f 3x
k 2 + k 3 d 4x f 4x(2) + f 4x(3)
0
f1x(1) F1x
(3)
f
2x F2x
(1) (2) =
f 3x + f 3x F3x
f 4x(2) + f 4x(3) F4x
61