‫اﻟﻔﺮض اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﻨﺔ [‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﯿﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ‪2010/2009‬‬ ‫]اﻷوﱃ ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻃﻨﺠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﺴﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﺒﺎ )‪ (S‬أﺑﻌﺎده ﻣﮭﻤﻠﺔ ذو ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ‪ m‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﮫ أن ﯾﺘﺤﺮك وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﻔﻠﮫ ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺨﺬ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ B‬ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺔ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ن وﻧﺘﺨﺬ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺎرﻣﻦ ‪ B‬واﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﺤﻮرا ﻟﻸﻧﺎﺳﯿﺐ أﺻﻠﮫ ‪(B,Z ) : B‬‬
‫‪ (1‬أﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ )‪ (S‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ g=10NKg-1 ) z‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫‪( m =10Kg‬‬
‫‪ (2‬أﺣﺴﺐ )‪ Ep(A‬و)‪ Ep(B‬و)‪Ep(C‬‬
‫‪(3‬أﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‪ Em‬ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ )‪ (S‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ z‬و‪ V‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫‪(4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪t‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﺎن ‪ A‬و‪ C‬ﺑﯿّﻦ أن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﻔﻆ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (5‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪. VB‬‬

‫‪ (6‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ‪ C‬ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ ، V’C = 1m.s-1‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺪدا‬
‫ﺷﻐﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻨﮫ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ O‬ﺟﺴﻤﺎ )‪ (s‬اﺑﻌﺎده ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﺋﯿﺔ ‪ V0‬ﻓﯿﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺪون اﺣﺘﻜﺎك )اﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﻔﻠﮫ( ‪ :‬زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻞ ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ 30°‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫وﺻﻮﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪ A‬ﺗﻨﻌﺪم اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ‪ .‬ﺧﻼل ﺣﺮﻛﺘﮫ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ‪ d‬وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪(1‬أﻋﻂ ﻧﺺ ﻣﺒﺮھﻨﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬اﻋﺘﻤﺎداﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺣﺪد )‪ EC(0‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ و )‪ EC(0,6m‬ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ھﺎﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪(3‬ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﺒﺮھﻨﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﯿﻦ أوﺟﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ m‬ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ )‪ ، (s‬ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫‪V0‬‬

‫‪ (4‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ ‪ O‬ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ g =10 N.Kg-1‬و ‪m = 100g‬‬

‫‪(14‬أوﺟﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﯿﺔ )‪Ep (z‬ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ )‪ (s‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ ، z‬ﻣﺎﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪Ep(O‬‬
‫‪ (24‬ﻋﺒّﺮ ﻋﻦ ‪ ZA‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ OA‬و ‪ ‬ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪Ep(A‬‬

‫‪ (34‬ھﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﯿﺔ ؟ ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟﺠﻮاب‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈذاﺑﺔ‬ ‫)‪(HCOO-aq +Na+aq‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء ‪ :‬ﻧﺤﻀﺮ ‪ 1‬ﻟﺘﺮﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﯿﺜﺎﻧﻮات اﻟﺼﻮدﯾﻮم‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪M(HCOONa) = 68g.mol‬‬ ‫‪ m0 = 68mg‬ﻣﻦ )‪ HCOONa(s‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪.‬ﻧﻌﻄﻲ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪ (1‬أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺬاب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ C :‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﮫ ﺑﻮﺣﺪة ‪mol.m‬‬
‫‪ (2‬أﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺬوﺑﺎن ﺛﻢ أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻷرﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻗﯿﺎس ﻣﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل أﻋﻄﻰ ‪mS.m-1‬‬
‫‪ (13‬ﻋﺒّﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯿﻰ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻸﯾﻮﻧﺎت وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬
‫‪ (23[HCOO-] f‬أﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ ]‪ [HCOO-‬ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ‪xf‬‬
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ؟‬ ‫‪ (33‬أﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ‬ﻧﺬﻛﺮ أن ‪ = xf/xm‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻧﻀﯿﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ وﻧﻘﯿﺲ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻠﺔ ذات اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ‪(S=3,21cm : L = 1cm ) :‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ﻗﯿﻢ ‪ U‬و ‪ I‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ‪ U =1V‬و‪ . I = 2,47mA‬ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ‪ Na+) = 5.10-3S.m2mol-1‬و ‪HCOO-) = 5,5.10-3S.m2mol-1‬‬
‫‪ (14‬أﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ‪ G‬ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة’‪(24 . ‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻮل’‪C‬‬