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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
1. Transcription
2. RNA processing
3. Translation
DNA RNA Protein
DNA
Transcription
Eukaryotic
Cell
Pre-mRNA
RNA Processing
mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
Question:
How does RNA (ribonucleic acid)
differ from DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)?
acid)
1. Transcription
DNA
Transcription
Eukaryotic
Cell
Pre-mRNA
RNA Processing
mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
1. Transcription OR
RNA production
RNA molecules are produced by
copying part of DNA into a
complementary sequence of RNA
This process is started and controlled
by an enzyme called RNA
polymerase.
1. Transcription
DNA
RNA Polymerase
pre-mRNA
Question:
What would be the
complementary RNA strand for
the following DNA sequence?
DNA 5-GCGTATG-3
Types of RNA
Three types of RNA:
RNA
A. messenger RNA (mRNA)
B. transfer RNA (tRNA)
C. ribosome RNA (rRNA)
Remember: all produced in the
nucleus!
mRNA
Carries instructions from DNA to
the rest of the ribosome.
Tells the ribosome what kind of
protein to make
Acts like an email from the
principal to the teacher.
A. Messenger RNA
(mRNA)
start
codon
mRNA
A U G G G C U C C A U C G G C G C A U A A
codon 1
protein methionine
codon 2
codon 3
glycine
serine
codon 4
isoleucine
codon 5
codon 6
glycine
alanine
codon 7
stop
codon
aa2
aa3
peptide bonds
aa4
aa5
aa6
QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
rRNA
Part of the structure of a
ribosome
Helps in protein production
tRNA
A go-getter.
Gets the right parts to make the right protein
according to mRNA instructions
methionine
U A C
anticodon
amino acid
2. RNA Processing
Nuclear
membrane
DNA
Transcription
Eukaryotic
Cell
Pre-mRNA
RNA Processing
mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
2. RNA Processing
Introns are pulled out and exons
come together.
End product is a mature RNA
molecule that leaves the nucleus
to the cytoplasm.
Introns bad Exons good!
2. RNA Processing
pre-RNA molecule
exon
intro
n
exon
intron
exon
intron
intron
exon
exon
splicesome
splicesome
exon
exon
exon
exon
Ribosomes
Large
subunit
P
Site
A
Site
mRNA
A U G
Small subunit
C U A C U U C G
3. Translation - making
proteins
Nuclear
membrane
DNA
Transcription
Eukaryotic
Cell
Pre-mRNA
RNA Processing
mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
3. Translation
Three parts:
1. initiation:
initiation start codon (AUG)
2. elongation:
elongation
3. termination:
termination stop codon (UAG)
Lets make a PROTEIN!!!!.
PROTEIN!!!!
3. Translation
Large
subunit
P
Site
A
Site
mRNA
A U G
Small subunit
C U A C U U C G
Initiation
aa1
1-tRNA
anticodon
hydrogen
bonds
U A C
A U G
codon
aa2
2-tRNA
G A U
C U A C U U C G A
mRNA
Elongation
peptide bond
aa3
aa1
aa2
3-tRNA
1-tRNA
anticodon
hydrogen
bonds
U A C
A U G
codon
2-tRNA
G A A
G A U
C U A C U U C G A
mRNA
aa1
peptide bond
aa3
aa2
1-tRNA
3-tRNA
U A C
(leaves)
2-tRNA
A U G
G A A
G A U
C U A C U U C G A
mRNA
aa1
peptide bonds
aa2
aa4
aa3
4-tRNA
2-tRNA
A U G
3-tRNA
G C U
G A U G A A
C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
aa1
peptide bonds
aa4
aa2
aa3
2-tRNA
4-tRNA
G A U
(leaves)
3-tRNA
A U G
G C U
G A A
C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
aa1
peptide bonds
aa5
aa2
aa3
aa4
5-tRNA
U G A
3-tRNA
4-tRNA
G A A G C U
G C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
peptide bonds
aa1
aa5
aa2
aa3
aa4
5-tRNA
U G A
3-tRNA
G A A
4-tRNA
G C U
G C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
aa4
aa5
Termination
aa199
aa3 primary
structure
aa2 of a protein
aa200
aa1
200-tRNA
A C U
mRNA
terminator
or stop
codon
C A U G U U U A G
End Product
The end products of protein
synthesis is a primary structure
of a protein.
protein
A sequence of amino acid bonded
together by peptide bonds.
bonds
aa2
aa1
aa3
aa4
aa5
aa199
aa200
Question:
The anticodon UAC belongs to a tRNA
that recognizes and binds to a
particular amino acid.
What would be the DNA base code for
this amino acid?
Answer:
tRNA
- UAC
(anticodon)
mRNA - AUG (codon)
DNA
- TAC