Prowems m@ 33 — eee 24 ‘The “standard” acecleration (at sea level and 45° latitude) due to gravity is 9.80665 ivs*- Ifa force of 700 N is required to hold a mass at rest inthis gravitational field, find the mass, 2.5 A crane lifts a mass of 200 kg at a location where the local gravitational accelera- tion is 9.5 m/s*, Find the required force. 2.6 On the moon the gravitational acceleration is approximately one-sixth that on the surface of the earth. A $-kg mass is “weighed” with a beam balance om the surface ‘on the moon, What is the expected reading? If this mass is weighed with a spring seale that reads correctly for standard gravity on earth (see Problem 2.4), what is the reading? 2.7 A washing machine has 2 kg of clothes spinning ata rate that generates an acceler- ation of 12 ms. What isthe force needed to hold the clothes? 2.8 One kilogram of diatomic nitrogen (Ns molecular weight 28) is contained in a 500- ‘tank, Find the specific volume on both a mass and mole basis (v and T). 29 A 15-kg steel gastank holds 300 L of liquid gasoline, having a density of 800 aim’, What force is needed to accelerate this combined system at a rate of 4 ne? 2.10 A vertical hydraulic eylinder has a 150-mm diameter piston with hydraulic lid in- side the cylinder and an ambient pressure of | bar. Assuming standard gravity, find the piston mass that will create a pressure inside of 1250 kPa, 2.11 A barometer to measure absolute pressure shows a mereury column height of 725 ‘mm. The temperature is such thatthe density ofthe mercury is 13 $50 kg/m’. Find the ambient pressure. 2.12 A differential pressure gauge mounted on a vessel shows 1.25 MPa and a local barometer gives atmospheric pressure as 0.96 bar. Find the absolute pressure inside the vessel 2.13 The absolute pressure in a tank is 85 KPa and the local ambient absolute pressure is 97 kPa. Ifa U-tube with mercury, density 13 550 kg/m’, is attached to the tank to ‘measure the vacuum, what column height difference would it show? 2.14 A S-ka piston ina eylinder with diameter of 100 mm is loaded with a linear spring and the outside atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa. The spring exerts no force on the piston when itis at the bottom of the cylinder and for the state shown the pressure is 400 kPa with volume 0.4 L. The valve is opened to let some air in, causing the piston to rise 2 cm. Find the new pressure. % ' | a FIGURE P2.14 2.15 A U-tube manometer filled with water, density 1000 kg’m, shows «eight differ- «ence of 25 em. What isthe gauge pressure? Ife right branch is tilted to make an34m cuuerex Two Sowe ConcerTs aND DenTIONS angle of 30° with the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2.15, what should the length of ‘the column in the tilted tube be relative to the U-tube? 2.16 A piston/cylinder with cross-sectional area of 0.01 m* has a piston mass of 101 kg ‘esting onthe stops, as shown in Fig. P2.16, With an outside atmospheric pressure ‘of 100 kPa, what should the water pressure be to lift the piston? » | FIGURE P26 2.17 The difference in height between the columns of a manometer is 200 ram with a ‘uid of density 900 kg/m’. What isthe pressure difference? What is the height dif ference if the same pressure difference is measured using mercury, density 13 600 ‘kg/m’, as manometer fuid? 2.18 Two reservoirs, A and B, open to the atmosphere, are connected with a mereury ‘manometer. Reservoir A is moved up/down so the two top surfaces are level ath 4s shown in Fig, P2.18. Assuming that you know p, Pu and measure the eights ‘fy and, ind the density py. FIGURE P28 2.19 The density of mercury changes approximately linearly with temperature as Pug =1359S-2.5T. kg/m’ Tin Ge so the same pressure difference will result in a manometer reading that is influ- ‘enced by temperature, If pressure difference of 100 kPa is measured in the sum- ‘mer at 35°C and inthe winter at~1S°C, what is the difference in column height be- ‘ween the two measurements? 2.20 Liquid water with density pis filled on top ofa piston ina cylinder with cross-secProms m 35 Ce tional area A and height H. “Air is let in under the piston so it pushes up, spilling the iater over the edge, Deduce the formula for the air pressure as «function of piston height from the bottom, 4" hic FIGURE P2.20 2.21 A piston, m, = 5 keg, is fitted in a eylinder, A = 15 em’, that contains a gas, The Setup isin ¢ centrifuge that ereates an acceleration of 25 mis", Assuming standard ‘atmospheric pressure outside the cylinder, find the gas pressure. 12.22 A piece of experimental apparatus is located where g = 9.5 mvs" and the tempert- jure is -2°C. An ait flow inside the apparatus is determined by measuring the pres sure drop across an orifice with a mercury manometer (see Problem 2.19 for den- Sty) showing a height difference of 200 mm. What is the pressure drop in KP? ee —> Ae i FIGURE F222 2.23 Repeat the previous problem if the flow inside the apparatus i liquid water, P = 1000 kg/m, instead of air. Find the pressure difference between the two holes in the bottom of the channel. 1224 Two piston/eylinder arangements, A and B, have their gas chambers connected by a pipe, Cross-soctional areas are 4, = 75cm? and Ay =25 em? withthe piston mass 5 kg. Ouiside pressure is 100 KPa and standard gravitation. Find the mass mg s0 that none of the pistons have to rest on the bottom. FIGURE P2.24 2.25. Atthe beach, atmospheric pressure is 1025 mbar. You dive 10 m down in the ocean ‘and you later climb a hill up to 100m clevation. Assume the density of water is