Understanding the Publishing Process ~___»_ inscientific journals y/ POMC era ET dliaasauias Contents Elsevier's History Innovation Open access How to write a scientific article What type of manuscript Main text Language editing and quality Scientific illustration services Revision before submission — checkiist Choosing the right journal, article formatting and cover letter Elsevier editorial system (EES) and peer review After your article has been accepted Authors rights and responsibilities Ethics and plagairism Cross check Online products - Sciverse ScienceDirect and Sciverse Scopus Impact Factor and other quality measures Helpful websites TCU M UM aN SMe MMM Sci hile BonnRoY 10 10 1 42 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 Elsevier’s History sever, the modern publishing company, was founded in 1860, thas evbed from 2 smal Dutch publishing house hat was devoted to classical sctolarship into an interational mutimedia publishing cmpany with ever 20,000 products for educational and professional scence and heatcare communities worldwide Elsevier takes is name from the oiginal House of levi the fariy ubishing house that was founded in 1980, Esover’shistory retets a sores of colaborations inthe efet to advance Science and heath. Thase publishing calaboraton with a grup a scientific \isonales — ranging fom Jules Vere to Stephen W, Hawking — created ‘he foundation of sienific and medial pushing. Further reading: wwmmelsevier.conv/heritage World-renowned publications ‘Among the thousands of ournals and books published by saver re some of the wos mast prominent and respected ‘media, scientic and tecnoloicalpublcatons These include The Lancet, Cal, Tetrahedron Lets and a host of ctor, Your rights: our responsibility | bei, authors are our fe’ blood. Tats why we are dicate to potocng your ght as an authar and ensuring that any ae al legal ‘rfometon and coprgiteguaions are aceressed Benefits to authors We provide mary author benefits, such as fre POF for most jourals, a 'oeral copyright pole, special discounts on Esavorpubfcations and much ‘mae. n addon Elsevier s committed to the highest standards af electronic archiving and informatio sharing, to ensure that your article wil be avalable {or te foreseeabe future Elsevier's service to the community Esover recog is responsi tothe community andthe word at arg. ‘We ak rie in our many diet compart responstly programs www.elsevier.com/phitanthropy Innovation Article of the Future Tough te Ate fhe sup, eave deg rumber of ‘nblting inno wicca be ab you Depron te jou. ruber of nate ets ae eal For stances can ow ath nn olin pecs anc ich caret sc as rrace bs, chemkal compounds, rita maps. Fureror, nw passa sich as reheat and hgnnis ‘enable users to more efficiently skim articies. The cto oneal autos patie aa range of vb conmetons tobe pblse ace, fr exalt esac daa sels, ‘utr information an esac grup. Conon std ates inthe aril can lobe aged and inked dls. Gite en Poten Daa bank an aie ~— can se pile tam these ete tho arcs. iemanyof te | paw coated cote frtves wep oa = e Journals, others wil be damrein-specfc. Farther reading ‘wwwvrarticleofthefuture.com Article-based publishing ts 2010 we teganinrtcn re bse puisig fours, tokng al an table ris alee ore fast, and inp thei coi, rics wie pbishedssoonaspossbo wos, QD) p wag fans obec yw pear an "sen Poors: ‘More information: vww.elsevier.com/abp De eeUnderstanding the Publishing Process in Scientific (Qy\ open access solutions \We understand hat some researchers want o make hese easly avalabe and dounoaatle eyed the academic community. To mest is ‘need, we offer researchers a numiber of open access publishing choices. These hott: Open access journals sve pubes arumber of Open Accs pura. Arties pubis in these jaa are rely avaible to anyone with an internat comnecton, andre hated on ou ScenceDiect plato (wunn-sciencedirect.com Thee aero suscitin charges othe journals Son he lt of Open Accs url hora: wunw.olsoviezcom/openaccess Open access articles Jourras wit this open access option ao ostabfshod subsrption ties which, after acceptane, ofr the author an opin to sponsor access for De Cn ron-subscibers this option is taken, these articles become open access, For mor informatin on Open acess articles: ‘www. olsovier.com/spansoredartioles Open archives ourals make archival conten availble open acess to rowsubscxibers. ‘The archives are opened tra etiod based on characterises ofthe Journal including subject area, usage pattems an tequency of publication 3 Elser jounas ofr apen archives, For example, ail Cll Pres artis ‘ace freely valle ater 12 montis onthe Cel Press webst, Read more here: uw. elsovier.com/mps/find/authorsview.authors/open_archives, Manuscript posting We recognise that some authors le to pst thar accepted manuscits ‘other personal rinstitonal wetstes. Athos publshing in Elsevier jjurals re re to dso. Readmore about this cr page 16. Th ead he fall posting polcy rape, gto werwuelseviercom/pestingpolicy More information about Open Access canbe found at wunwelsevier.com/openaccess How to write a scientific article Introduction “The ascot wing a research atic can be daunting, You may have completed groundbreaking research, but unless the atl is corecty writen, at best publication wil be dlayed and at worst the work wil never be published. The purpose of this aril sto try and give the reader an ‘overview of how to write a wel-stuctured esearch ail for publication is princpaty aimed at ew authors and is genetic enough to encompass all discpines. Do | need to write a research article? ‘This might seem tke an obvaus question, butt is one worth asking yousel, Editors and reviewers are loking for orginal anc innovatve research tat wil adi tothe fed of suc. sure that you have enough numbers to justly sound conclusions. the research you ae going to report relates to larger ‘ld, perhaps its beter to produce on import esearch atl, rather ‘than a numberof average incremental ates, n deciding whee to send your ate, consider he reader: Does your ate adaress a queston of ‘international or main local intrest? the lator is ue, it maybe better laced ina natonal uel than in an intematinal on, The structure of an article ‘cient wrtg flows arg structure. A format developed over hundreds ‘of years and considered ta be the most ofciont means for comemunicating scent inigs tothe broader research community, Moreover, the format has the aovartag tat talows te atc obo ead at ceeral evs Same peopl wil fe to jst the fe, ters my rad nite ti and asta, wile ‘thse who want desper understanding wired mast, nt, fhe atic. Most isopines se the format of, authors, abstract, keywords, inbocucson, methods, ests, discussion, acermenis, ferences and supplementary trl. Though fe readings ae standard or ost ual, th is same Variation, so itis esse tread the guide for authors of tej you intro submit pur are rr to wing. Section Purpose ite (lat desorbes contents ‘hor Enaures eoagitn forthe wits Abstract Desorbes sucinty what was done Keywords Ensues te ate contly ‘identified in abstracting and indeving services| Main text Iocan Pts the wok in cot Metiod Ela how te data were ‘alec Results Desorbes wiat was disavorod ‘Deusson ‘isosses the impications othe findings ‘Acowiodgments Ensures those who helped inthe research ar recogized Feteenoes Ensures prevousy published wok is recognized ‘Supplementary material Provides supplemertary data for the reader Dace TTLUnderstanding the Publishing Process in Scientifi What type of manuscript? + Full aticles/ Orginal articles tho most important papers, Substantial and significant completed pieces of esearch + Later / Rap Communications! Short communications: quick a eary communicaton of significant and original advances, Much shorter than {ullaricies (eck imitations), Not just “reliinary repr, because that can make it impossible to pubih the fl report intr + Rovew papers / perspectives: summarize recent develanments ona spect toc. Highlight important previously reported points. Notte place {o inraduce new information ton by imitation, Sat-vaunte your work. sit suffice fora fll article? Or are your ests so tring that they should ba shown as soon as possible? ‘Ask your supervise are your colleagues for aie on manus be. Sometimes ousices can vee things more clear tran you. Pee ey Style and language ‘ts important to efor toe jouals Guide or Authors se. Some Authors te fr theca wih a specu in ind white others write ‘he ace ar then adept ot the tle ofa journal they subsequety choose. Regartess of our preference, some fundamentals remain true ‘throughout the press of wing ascent ate The objects to report your tecings and conctusons clearly, anc as concsly as possibly 10 avid embelshment ith unnecessary word r phases. The use of the active vic wil shorten sentence length. For example, carbon coe was consrned by the pan. the passive vce By changing tote ace voieitcan be shortened to the plant consumed carbon ont..The folowing shows how tenses are mast often used in science wring For kooun facts and hypotheses, te present ese shuld be used “Too average ie expectancy of @ hay bis 6 weeks When you ee fo experiments you have conducted the past tense should bo usod. ‘A the noney bees were manained i an encrmest wt a consistent temperature of 20 ‘When you descr tre resuts ofan expen th past ene sould be used “Tho average ite span of bees incur contained enna was 8 weeks” Journal specific guidelines Fora complete overview of inermation elated special to your uma of Interest, go tothe Autor Informaton Pack, which includes he aims & scopes, IF. Guie for Authors and extra bnad sings aswel as abstract and nding sarvoas covering the our e.g, Ped, Sooes, EMBASE) wumelseviercom/authors Authors The fst of authors shou ony incu those who have made an inlet canton tothe research, whol public tke espe forthe data and conclusions, and who have approved he fal version. The arden wich the names of the autor appear can vx rom csi oscil. In some ‘elds the coresponcng author's name appeers fst. Title ‘Atte should descrbe te atices ontent leary and precy, and alow the reader to decide whether it woud be aopropriat to cnsul the arte fuer. The te Is the advertisement forthe aici — a poot ted article ‘may never reac is agelautince, so be specific Omit unnecessary words such as‘A study a, "vesigatons of, ‘Observations on, tc. Da not use brevis and jargon. Abstracting and indexing services depend onthe accuracy o the tie, exacting keywords fom itthat ae use in cross- referencing, In shor, fective tes © Identy tha main sue ofthe paper * Begin with te subjest ofthe paper + fre accurate, unambiguous, pect, and completa «fro as shart as posible Keyword list ‘Most journals request a keyword tts st provides the inclusion of Important werd, nadtion to thse already present inthe tte. Approprat2 Coie oF keywords wil neas te likelihood of your ace being found by oer researchers. These words are used by te Astacting and Indexing senioes. Many Ese oumas wil also recur authors to choose a subject ‘cassiication during he oni submission process. This Casfcaton helps cetors to select appropiate reviewers. Abstract The abstract should summarize, in up to 200 words, the protiem, the ‘method the results, and the conclusions, The ile is the simplest statement aout the content f your article n contrast the sacl lls you to ‘aborate on each major section ofthe atc. The abstract shuld give sufficient deta so that he reader can cece whether cent to read the hole arte Together, he tla and the abstract shouldbe able to stand on thei own, as ty ae processed futher by infeting series. For is reason its advisable aot include references to gues or tables, or cation of the elerence in he abstract. Many autors we he abstract last so that ancurately reflects te content ofthe aie Dea CEUnderstanding the Publishing Process in Scientific Main text Introduction ‘The introduetion shat be bre, deally ene to two paragraphs long it should Cat state he problem being investigate, the tackground tha explains the ‘tcblem, and the reasons or conducting the research, Yu shold summarize ‘leant researc to provide conte, stat now your work afr rom publshed ‘work and important what questions you are answering. Explan what ings foes, any, youre calenging or extending, ify csc your ‘xperment, hypothesis), esearch quastion) and goneral experimental design o method. Lengthy inerretatins shoul be le unt he Discussion. Methods (Warland Metnacs or Expsiental Mets, ec) The ey upset tis secon provide he reader enough deta so they can eta your ‘eset, Ban how yu sted epee, ie re procedures you folowod ardor tase cronlgaly where posse your mead re ‘on te les tobe expen deta terse name the meta and te he prev published work uss youre mode the meh wich case reer ote xg waka incu the arendents ent ‘ne ecuipmentard desorte mate used and spect he source heres ‘atin in quay of mal nde he equncy of chs, wat ‘yp of data were rece Be precise in deserting measurements and inte eos of measure: Name ay iis tess used tht your ‘ume ests can bo valle sais ose the pas tes, and nid sng the is person, though il vary fom joa tou Results Inti ection you ject present your ndings and exlinin words what vs found, Tiss wer you show that our nw ress are contain the body osc knonledge sts iat be dear andy hem uta local squce. an data re tl inclu na scenic ate ead the hare ane ard peste in hs fon of gee rp, als, and or descrinions of csenvaios. simp! to ey ently forth reader ary sigficanttrnds, Tho sus secon sald low a gal equ basen re ale ges ta est ese the ings tat arse the ‘questonorryptioss bang inasigtd. abs and igure are assigned rumbers separate, ard should be nthe sequence tat you refer to them in the tet Peres shou have abi desroton (agent), prong the rade suffice infomation to know how te dla wee rocuced his important rat tointerpret our resus - hs shoud be done inthe Dscussion secon Discussion Inti acon you describe wht your esuls mean, sectiay in te context of what was eat Koen abn the sec ofthe iresron You should lin bac tothe invoducton by way tthe questo} or hypotheses posed. ‘You stould inca how the esis relat to expecatins and ote erature proviosy co, wioter thoy support or contradic previo hens. Most sSigitcany the discussion shuld expan how the esearch has moved ‘the body of cent knowlege award tis ireortant not to ated your ‘nso beyonh wats Gert supported by your resus, so void undue speculation ts adisabo to sagost practical appiations of your rests, and cutie a would be the ext steps in your sty Conclusions: ‘Present gobal and specie conclusons + Indicate uses and extensions if earonite “Suggest further experiments and indicate whether they are underway ‘Do not summarize the paper Te abstract or hat purpose ‘+ Avoid bd judgments about impact Pitfalls to be aware of while writing an article: summary ‘+ Statements that go bayond what the results cn support “© Unspectic expressions such a “igh temperature’, ata lower ae". (uantiatve descrinton ae avays prefered ‘= Sucieninroduction of new terms reas ‘+ Speculations on possible interpretations ae lowed, But these shoud be root in fot, rather than imagination “Check ne organzation, number and quaty of lutions, the gle and the ustications. cH Acknowledgments This section shoul be bre and inctude the names of individuals who have assisted with your stud, noting, contributors, suppliers who may have rovded materia fee ofchage, etc Authors shoudl ao dsclose in thelr arte any financial or ther substantive confit of interact that might bo constiued to influence the resus or itxpretaton ofthe arti References ‘Whenever you craw upon previous published wer, you must acknowledge ‘he source. ry infin na rom your exgeriment and not “common knowledge” should be recognized with cation. How citations ae presented varies considera trom dscptn to discipline and you should refer tothe Guide for Authors forthe speci joumal. Quotes that appear inte acl, |g, should have thei om inened paragraph, Otherwise, # they are inthe ratral fo of to atic they should be thin quotation marks. In both cases they shout ince arelerence, The references satin atthe ‘and ofthe acl inludes al reerones cited in your atic, This saction in contrast bilograpty, common in backs, here works ead ut at rnacessatiy ca inthe tt rested. The manner in which references are reseed also vras from journal a journal and you saul consul ‘he joumars guide fr authors. ‘Supplementary material “ically raw data are not inouded in a scenic aise. However, you boeleve the cata wou be useful, hey canbe included. Increasingly this ‘becoming moe common 2s jourals move to an nl ervranment al he os of including supplomental mato is loworod,Suppiomartary mata Can Include raw data ables, deo fontage,photograpis, ar complex 30 ‘models. I you have more than one set of materials ncude, gv each a separate number e.. Anpend 1. Appenx 2, ec. For ul quidelnes on supplementary material submission, please vist wwwelsevier.com/artwork Further reading Davis, M, (2005) Sclentic Papers and Presentations, 2 Elon, Academic Press Grossman, M2004) Witng and Presenting Scienitc Papers, 2nd Eton, Noitingham Universty Press Clare J and Harton, H, 2008) Wing Research Transforming Data into ‘eat, Church Livingston Lagenik, A. (2008) Suva Guide fr Scientists; Wing - Presentation — mal Astra Universi Press CeeCUTE UOT MUM MT OTS TAO Ma celeaessM IU este (S18 (01 (03 Language editing and quality How important is the quality of the English language in an article? The findings eperted in an atle may be cutting edge, but poor language {quay — including errs in grammar, speling or anguage usage — ould ‘dala pubcction or could lead ta outght election ofthe ail, preventing the esearch fon reeling he recognition deserves ‘nih everinreasng standards of excaence in bot esearch and pubishing, itn an author’ best interest to make sue te article iin is best possible fox when submited for pubfcaton «that includes tha quality ofthe writen English, adheronce to the Gude for Authors andthe presentation of factual, ancurat data Infact we ear om numerous ets thatthe poor qultyofEngsh masks the posible academic mer of some artickes and thay wl rtu the ate tothe author Edtors fd it increasing hard to tnd reviewers for atl ‘and so there i an increased pressure to send articles to evaw cut in ood Engi What impact does language quality have on the poer-review process? ‘Once antl enters the peer-rvilw proves, it willbe evaluated by bath reviewers and ects ons academic content and mert The esponsbiy of providing an are writen in reasonable standaro of, English, and structured with adherence tothe Guide fr Authors, es wth ‘he Auto Ets and reviawes ae nat respansibe fo making languege corrections. Will stuctured antes with corect language usage help ensure thatthe Pee Cy earreview process runs smoothly by along editors and reviewers to focus ‘on acaeic mer an could esti the faster publication of research, What should authors do before submitting an article? \We suggest authors corse sing a language eng service to improve ‘he Engish language usage and quality of a atl. & number of anguage eting compares prove ther serezs to authors a competitive rates Dota con be found at wurw.elsevier.comlanguagepolishing Scientific illustration services sever has ceated a specialist istration service tal provides you wit oreo atic support fr your research. In 6 day o ss, you can now create profesional ilusratons, maps or izgrams that help cleat visual your research outcomes ina highstancard suitable fr journaler book pubiaton, For mor deals hnttp:/forebshop.elsevier.com/tustrationservices Revision before submission — checklist Reasons for early rejection: content (aims and scope) ‘apo sof init interest or overs focal sues ony Sample pe, ‘20orahy, spect radu, ec) ‘+ Pape is routine anpiaton of wal-known metiods ‘+ Paper presents an incremenia advan os mite in scope ‘Novelty an significance are not immeiatly evident cr suit well- usted Reasons for early rejection: preparation + Fale to meet subision reuirements incomplete coverage of erature © Unaocepatly poor English What should you check? +s your work of ines othe journals auionce? * Does te work ad sigiicant value oan existing method? + Isto perspocve consiston withthe ume? * Are the conclsons drawn rom he sted ests? + Does your work ad othe existing body of knowledge? — Just because ites not been done beer is no justification fr doing ito. rd jst because you have dane the study doesnot mean that f very important! What should you check? ‘ead the Gude for Authors agen! Check your manuscript pont by pon. Make sure every aspect ofthe manusrgt isn accordance with te guidlines. (Wore count, layout ofthe txt and ustatons,frmat of the Feforenoss and in-text ctatons ta) + fe there too many st-itations, or references that are fol for the inteetional reader to access? © lo the first readers of your manuscript easy grasp the essence? Correct al the grammatical and speling mistakes. De COChoosing the right journal, article formatting and cover letter ‘Check ais and scope af the aural 0 see your atc sa good fit ‘+ Check he joumal is imitation only, because some journal wl ony accept invted aries, ‘Submit ony to on journal at a time erator etic standards probit ‘mltilesimutanecus submissions and edt DO find out (Check the Guide for Authors which wil include inforton cn the types ‘of ale accepted, extol team conacs, aap specification, acceptable Ianguage and artic length, See fer joumal inc: ‘wwmwetsevier.com/authors Go through the abstracts of recent pulctons to find currant hot topics: ‘wwmsclencedtrect.com ‘+ Ask help from your supervisor or colleagues. The supervisor (hoi often co-author) has at lees co-resporilty for your work, ‘+ Atos in your ferences wil key lead tothe ight uma Format your article In adton to beng propery writ, you article shouldbe properly ‘ermated * Most word processing formats are acoaptad (it, doo, dock or LaTeX is preter, + Please see your jouna's Guid for Authors to check te style of the indveual joura, ard parteuarty the reference sty. By submiting an atl inthe journal's pretared se, fewer changes wil need tobe made later on, reducing the possibilty of eros beng introduced. Vit wnvwelseviet.com/authors, sit uml and cick on Guide fr Athos © Most formating codes ae removed or eplacod when we process your atl, so there sno need for ou to use excessive layout sting. Pease Pee Cd tt use options such as automatic word breaking, usted yout, ‘oubl columns ar automat paragraph numbering (especial for rumored reerences. ‘You may use bot face, tale, subscript, superscript, te, as apvoptate, ‘When preparing tables, you are using table gid, please use ony one 1d foreach separate fable and nt a grid fr eact row. no gid is use, uve tas to aig columns (instead of spaces. ‘© When you create your atic, a a general ul, please make sure it appear inthe flewing order, llhough please check each journal's uide for authors for spec instructions Section Purpose Tie (leary describes canes Author Ensures reoagriton forthe wite/s estect Desorbes succhaly what wes don Keywords Ensues the artide is corecty| idontid in abstracing and Indexing services Main text Introdvetion | Eplans te hpotesis Method lis how the data were clecad Results Deserves what was dicovered Discussion Disousses the implications othe findings ‘Acknowledgments Ensures hse who hebad nthe research ae recognized Feferenoes Enoures preousy published work ‘Srecognivad ‘Supplementary mara Provides supplementary data for the eer reader | Mlustrations Submitiog your lustratins, pictures, abies and ther etwork such a5 ‘mutimecis and supplemeniary fies in an electronic forma helps us rode your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clay anc ahh level of deta. For mor information on artwork equirements, vst ‘wunwelsevier.com/artwork Produce your cover letter All submissions must be accompanied by a cover letter dealing what you ae suiting and which journal you are submiting to, Pease indicate ‘+ The author to whom we should adaross out correspondence. nthe event of multiple authors, a single coresponding author must be ramied) + Ema ares, contact adress and teephonetax rumbers. {Coresponding autrsrcove POF pris by -mall) + ts abo useful to prove the edtorin-chie wih any infrmation that wl support your submission (9, rial or confining data, revere, ‘opcaly, + Any confit of inteat in producing the rescarch og, funding resource) NoteWhen your article is recived at Ese itis considered to be in its a for, Therefore, please check your atic cael before you submit Fic more about seer Eda Systm (FS) requirements at hnttyl/elsevie.com/ees PeeUnderstanding the Publishing Process in Scientific Elsevier Editorial System (EES) Cl |SUBMISSION Esoveris commited to improving serves for authors, etors and reviewers, by migrating its journal publication process fo a uly anne work trom baginnng to end. The Etsaver Editorial Systom EES) ste online submission stam we ae using to achieve this goal Foil submission of your arte for poor rev, most seve jours ow us anno submission through EES, ‘There are many bent 0 registering, ncuding increased review and publication sp2ed, atl racking and ecevng ema lets, Please soe the journal’ invidual Guide for Authors fr further information. ist ‘wurw.elsevier.com/autrs, see: joural and cick on Guide for Authors, For moc information andto submit an artic by EES vist http//etsevier.com/ees, Peer review (ur primary ressarch journals are poe reviewed and independent edted by acknowledged experts inher leds. Reviewers are appointad bythe jurnl eto Peer review aso kay functions: * Toact as after by ensuring cry god researc is pubis to determine the vl, sonficance and orghaty ofthe Work, * To improve the quality of esearch submited fr pubiaton by hing reviewers the opportunity to suggest mprovements, * Some joural eters wil ask authors to provide the names of possible reviewers Different types of peer review Type of review Description Single bind Fever int hiddon from author Doub bind ‘Boih reviewer and author remain anoaymeus Open | Reviewer and author are knoe to each other Reviewers wi hen rake arecermendatian othe eter to acct, accent wth revisions or eect the atl. “To ind aut more about peer reviewing oro become a evower vist ‘wwrwelsevier.com/pecrreview After your article has been accepted noe your artic captor publicaten, tl be pulsed onre on ‘Sciverse ScienceDirect as an article in press and allocated a Digital Object Wenfer (00), Te DOI meen rls can cee cto eee Further information is available on wrw.doi.org ‘tices inpes wil be assign oan sue at te dt Yu ae ele 0 ‘rack he status of yur arte breeout te pubiation poss by ting http://authors.elsevier.com/trackpaper.html ‘Recently we began introducing articie-based publishing, making final and cite aril aalabl nfs an improving to iby. Prides tl be ubished as soon as possible witha ating fan sue fo bp conoid thy wil oper an sve n roe. Mo imation: ‘wumetsoviercom/abp “The poss tne bet Registration: + Ging you ate unique reference nunber + Cheong our at fo compksness © Checking your artwork for clarity and usability "© Sending the corresponding author an acknowledgment e-mail with the tefetence number tat can be used oak te aricke '* Sending the conesponding author @ Joural Publishing Agreement Production '* Ensuring your artwork is added property + Crating pot ony be sent ore caesponngaubaftlvow Publication: + Carer any eos yu tent nthe pot copy + Making the atc alle as nat rss ote on SceoeDret + Ging your atl vue nama 510 mr ae oage numba ‘Sending the fin copy tthe printer ‘+ Distitutng the print jural to subecrbors Offprints POF e oft wil ba e-mailee within 24 hours of an atc appecring| inne on SctVerse ScienceDirect If rinted offrintsare ordered in place of ecfpins, these aro usualy cpetched within 6-8 wooks of issue pubiaton. You can check te dspach dat sing the article Wackng lacy. Pasa noe tha dalvery times dapend on the destration During the time between your article's aooeptance and tsa printing we wll askyou to: 11 Compete a doumal Publishing Agroerent 2 printed offers are required, complete an ofr rer frm '3. Reve prot copy to check fr errs and answer queries Production process Production ‘When he completed atl ready to ent the prductin gress ts copy- erie in te sve ofthe jour, pest, and sructrec fo nine pubistng The ara is sed and scanned acooing othe required specications and page prot is generate or you ta cay uta al check. Proofreading ‘As soon as your arto has been Woes, pepe poo as PF le wil be sont {othe corespencng author fe do not have an e-ma acess, ticle pots wlbe sent by pst) Tis usualy happens 4-5 weeks ar we cv your ‘complete arte ‘Acura pooteacing and clear marking of caectons ae essential forthe Droducton of 2 quality aril, Please not tht careful proofeading fs soll your resporsiy. lease mark any necessary corrections in a atnct manne. vir wll do ovething it can to have your arte corrected and published as ‘quickly ard accurately as posible. Teel, i important to ensure that al ot your corrections are sant bac to usin ne communication. Pee ee TET edUnderstanding the Publishing Process in Scientific Authors’ rights and responsibilities At ldo, wee dedicated to protecting your rights a an author, an ensuring that any an al egal information and cnyright regulations are esse. ‘Whether an author f published wit Elsevier or any oer publishes, we hold ‘ures and our collegues to the highest standards of eis, responsibilty an legal obligation Authors’ rights sa ural auto, you retain rights fo a large range of author uses of your arts, intuding use by your employing insttute or company. These righ ‘ate retained and parted without he need to obtain spec permission ‘rom Elsevies, These inclu «Teich: Auers may make print relate cops of ear for sensor actin ris ore usr se. + Edvetonal matt A rile can be made aval ators o company eb packs © company rang «Sooty shri Cope of the atcle canbe shared with each cola Pee ery © Ietings and conferences: ticles can be presented and copies made or attendees, + Furtor works: Artes can be used in compton, expanded to book fon or use in theses or cssertatons. + Patent and vacemark rights: The ight to uae the arte fr any inventions dscose or produc identi. Websites: The right to post a pre-print version ofthe ural acl on Intamet webstes including electric pre-print servers, and to retain Indefntly such versio on such servers or sts for scholay purposes (wit some exceptions suchas The Lancet anc Cel Press. See also our Jnformation on electronic reprints ‘www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorsview.authors/preprints fa ‘more dete escusson on these points ‘The rght o post a revsed personal version oth txt ofthe thal joural ate eect changes made in the peer review process) on yur personel rinsttutonal website or server for scholarly purposes, incorporating the complet cation and with a lnk tothe Digital Object enter 20) ofthe article (but notin subject ented ar cantratzedt repositories or situtonal repositories with mandals for systematic postings unless thre sa pectic aoreement wth te publisher. Cc here wunn.elsevier.com/fundingbodyagreements for further information); Forful authors rights vt: wwwelsevier.com/authorsrights, Ethics and plagiarism ‘The pubicaton of an arte in peer-reviewed ural san essen bulng block inthe development of a coherent and respected network of noiedge. ts ec flection of the cay ofthe mark of the authors andthe insttutons that syppot hen. ‘Anirmprtant rola ofthe publisher sto support the extensive effrs of cevteral ural editors to ensure that articles flow etic guidelines and authors’ works protested. ‘Author responsibilities « Reporng standards: Authors of erga esearch shoul present an accurate account ofthe work perme! as well as an objective discussion its signiticance, ‘Data access and etenton: Authors may be asked to provide the raw data inconecton wit an artic for edt review, and shoul be prepared to. provide acces to such cata © Cignaly and plagiarism: Authors should ensure that they hae wien entey original works, and if the authors have used the wark andlor words cof olbers, hat his has been appropriately cite o quoted. * Multiple pubication: Authors shoud nt publish articles describing soa the same researel in mare tan oe ural or primary publication. * Acknowedgment of sources: Proper acknowledgment of the work of etars st always be given * Permissions: Authors are responsible for seeking (and paying) or permission to use ti-pary materia «+ Authorship ofthe atc This should be limited to those who have ‘made a significant contribution to te conception, design, execution, or interpretation ofthe eported study. Al those who have made significant contributions shouldbe listed as co-auhrs. Where there ae others who have participated in certain substantive aspects ofthe research projec, ‘Mey shoud be acknowedged or iste as contours, * Colic of intrest: Authors should cisclse inher arte any fhancial or ther substantive confct of intrest that might be construed to infuence the esis or ntexretation of her ric + Fundamental er in published woos When an aur cscoersa significant eo rinacourecy in hier on pulsed wok, tthe autho obgaton to prompt notte ural etre publisher and cooperate with eect cured or ret he ari. For mor information pas it: w.otsviercom/pubiishingetios Example of retracted article The arti of which he authors comtod plagiarism wit no bo romoved from Seiverse ScenceDrect. Everybody who downloads tne atte wil see ‘he reason of retraction, Lee Cross Check Investing in plagiarism-detection software Cases of suspected plagiarism (or duplicate submission} are rarely lime tore sare jour or ubishe Mere tn than not utile una nd pulses ae inched Sota cons, terete, aly ‘eq cogeaton eee (a pubiching house. The sano ales ‘ssCeck, Rives eter rom Patel, kon fog plagixtsm sorter oe ecadeic wos, Cssetmanters co-operate to ‘rattan a age ets of ube arcs ach ater abo tela submited aril) agin which checkng an ake plac. Pee eeELSEVIER. Online products - SciVerse “Tobe anautor means cosh he die between your vk he bane, andthe stl communicaten of che researchers, ets and acai Strasser anc boy pao onl 58 eC on ‘ta scale, ut fos grat insight into what oes are cortttng io scence. Ina fers mary solos rts ep au werk ere cy. ‘cles ccs trough sng s-an and indtes Sve Senet, Scere Scopes ar Scere Hub rc many pss. The ptm provides accesso ual an repsinny content on utp pubishs as wl ashe soi wb, From th ScNers Pecans Gly, you carat as test ScNers prt ep you aa ad manage inate peri aroad searches and recing cater wan you aoas fines. Cone om ScenceDiec and Sous so accessible on rebie devs though tao separate mole zp fat can be dria fom Aes ‘op sere Backboy App Wd or Arco Nett Former ration plese \stou rose ee ro det othe Sirs Mable Apes Gary SciNerse ScienceDirect ‘+ er evened fut content fom cet 2.50 jour ,000 oie boos and 15,000 mutes les wth 16 rion users at oer 2000 tts ‘+ énempancry suite of baci es rom ume ssa (penton sexier} «cis avatane tefre + Ate ears ince elle artes, velrence marks’ ad rk to dope speaie datasets ‘+ uiors can epowe te picts with ato deta es les, megs and Google meps and your aries can be ened pri ju pubaton| ‘*Eshareamentsen the aie page reuse aly ad an ineracte expeence wih he aril caret ander data ‘+ opatons canbe ec rm the ScierseAoploatis Gallery to manage andar infomation and ingrovewros “Powel search an ete wh uot in POF and HT wt the applica ANIMO RACK, Sno Denar ezader forts, a can esl be sve or frtereadig. rel moe Fest cers Aptos + Arangecfcstonzabie alering services rato ics, new ud crtert and yar stro ach uaras| Peed ‘Tre Ton25 alls you to se which ates have been downloaded he mest, ea om any ofthe 24 subject areas andor rom ayo the 2,500 jours cn SciercaDirect See http op25.sciencedirect.com! Fer mar rvomaon please st oi site wevuinfo.sciverse.com SciVerse Scopus SclVose Scausis the works gest abst ecto dats of pe ‘eevod tur and quay we scuces craig its om 6,00 pushers ‘erie. che wth esearch ols, ctaton ays and kano seach ‘ees oie atest vy freee cnt ait ell ‘esearch pariness. You can receive notifications triggered by new citations of your ‘ork Attia etn iy fd ptt x-ray cation countard eat ural ty ter dee of eeance wii a cen kl. By aking conto your tor rte you can et resent yuo ater oso wes For mae Yama pease ist ut ste wna sciverse cam/scopus SciVerse Huby ‘With Siders Hub you canperfam a single-search across SclenoeDrect and Soxpus a8 wel 2s ful journal content from 18 mor pubtshers, 246 repose, and ov 376 ion sti ve pages. Sopisicatd fits de tpt and ak resus, saving ime and accelerating dsooery. Fer mare r¥ormaon please tourist _worwinfo sciverse.comvsciverse-hub SciVerse Applications Scr Apcationsis a maraplace and decor netvork at lan tha scone communi obi id and use apical tet enc he esearch ‘nostri Scere, Sous a Hb. By ating Appa tour Scere profi you gah soiled wast uncover nfomaton ps wef tol for meng research moe eet Ferme tvoraton plas visti there Impact Factor and other quality measures Impact Factor “The npact Factors the most wel) referenced quay measure anongst academic uberis define asthe rao betwen cons and ‘evant clale aries pushed in a jouna the average numberof catlons recived per pubshed aril The losing sn eration of how “rams Reuters catuite impact aco Calculating Impact Factors Clann 2010 tas rabid in: 2009167 ttl caters 2008 318 tol aters Sum 505 20094 tarts 200846 artes Sum 100 505 Tt ons to ares pubs 2008 and 200,100 Nur ates posed 1 2008 and 2008 Tho 2010 Impact Factor for the journal is 5.050 ipa Facts xy rat by sj scion anc camaro is ni roaring win th sare suet calgary o rap. h-index ‘Tha h-ndex rates ascents portormanco beso on his or her career publications, as measured ty te lietime numberof tations each article ‘Number of ails pulsed in: calculation: receives. The measurements dependent on both quantity umber of Publication) and quality (number of citations) ofan academi's publications. Ifyou ist alo scients’spubcations in descending arr ofthe number ‘of cations received t date tir h-index is the highest umber af their arto‘, h that have each received at least nctatons. So, the inde is 101 10 aces have each received al least 10 aos, their index is 81 {Ft articles have each recoived at east 81 cations. Their index 1 i alll ter atic have each receved 1 talon, but ao only 1 of al thelr ates has received ay citations. How is the h-index different from the Impact Factor? ‘The main diforence is thatthe h-ndex refers to the performance of an Iva cient ‘The h-nderis based cn etme ciatons recta by a scientist's aoe. “The pac Factors basec on oly 2 years" worth of cations, + Bot rankings measure te average perfomance ofan individual scents 2 journal Some actos wil ecave mary more cations, and some fe, ‘han te ranking fe, Usage Usage sa new concep for measuring oural value and impact. can be defn as how oiton the ful-tt article downloaded or viewed. Counting ‘nlne Usage of Networked Electronic Resources (COUNTER) i attempting ta standardize usage repating and develop a Usage Factor metic LUbvares already use usage statistics heal to evaluate the colectons and spencing, Authors ae als interested to see haw much their works download. For more information visit wonwprojecteounter.org To nd out more about these joural measures and athers, lease visit ‘wurwelsevier.com/wpsifind/editorsinfo.editors/bibtio PeUnderstanding the Publishing Process in Scientific J ‘The SNIP and SJR metrics help authors to answer key questions such as: \Whore shoud | publish my paper? Whats the quality of particular urna? How can | ensure thatthe papers Ive witlen gain the widest possible attention and vsibity? About SNIP and SJR SSMIP, cr Scurce-Normalzed Impact per Pape, is defined as te rai of «8 jouma cation count per paper andthe cation potent n ts subject fied Il ast allow tect comparison of sources in ferent subject fields, Citation potentials shown to vary tony between journal subject categories — groupings cf journals sharing a research fed — or dscpines (24. jounais in Matwomats, Engineering and Socal Sciences tend to have lower values than tte in ie Sciences), but also betwezn journals win ‘ha same subject category For instance, basic ural tnd to show higher lation potentials than applied or circa journals, and jouals covering emerging topics higher than pavoccals in classical subjects or more general jours SHIP corrects for such ferences. ts strenats and imitations ar open to crcl debate. ll empirical results are dered trom the Scopus absvact and indexing database, SNIP values ae updated twice a year, providing an up-to dat vow of tre research landscape SUR, or SCimago Joumal Rank, I prestige metric based n the ide that ‘allctations are not created equal’. Wh SU, the subject fa quality end reputation ofthe joumal havea dec effect on te value of a cation. ‘Ris measure of scion nuance of scholarly ours that accounts Deed forboth the numberof tations receved by a journal and the importance prestige of th unas where such ctatons come from. tis a variant of the elgemectr centrality measure used in network theory. Soch measures establish the imootance of @ node in anetwork based onthe pincinle ‘that connections to high-saring nade contribute mare tothe score ofthe ‘node. The SJR indicator, wich i inpired by the PageRank algorithm, was developed for extremely large and heterogeneous journal tation netwars, Its a S2e-ndepercontinccator ait ras jaurmals by thelr ‘average prestige per arte’ and canbe sed for ural camparsons in science crauationpracesses. Why use SNIP and SJR in addition to Thomson Reuters’ Impact Factor? ‘SNP and SUR add another cimension to assess and ret a jour: they lp you to validate he high quality and impact of your reseech ouput to your peers. the aura you intend to publish nelly tthe op tre ours in you fe? Is this the best journal to publish in aking a these three meties Into aocoun? SNP and SAR help you get a clear picture on how to measure the sei impact of aural from vaous anges. When ar SIR and SNP protered fo jul ana? «For oumals that do not have pact Factors When subject ll ferences may affect ranking, and not ony qualty When comparing basic and appli jourals + When investigating maiissciplinary fds such as narctechnology For moe inlrmaton on SNP and SUR: vnwwjournalmetrics.com Helpful websites Information for Authors ‘On tis website you can nd all you need to know about becoming an author with Elsevier. More infrmaten avaable on www.elsevier.com/authors SciVerse ScienceDirect ith peer-reviewed fl-text content fram mare than 2:500joumals, 11,000 cline books and 15,000 multimedia tes, SoMerse Scineirct brings your werk to more thn 16 millon users ar over 2000 inst, www. sclencedirect.com SciVerse Scopus Sure Scopus the gst stax an caton datas of peer reve tera. For moe oman an now SNese Sens cn hep ‘your research and to view your cited articles please visit www.scopus.com SciVerse Hub \With Sciverse Hub you can perform asingl-saarch across SclencoDiract and Seopa, as well s flex journal content rom 18 mor publishers, 246 repost, and over 376 milion scientific wob pages Sophistcatod firs de-cupiate and rank results, saving time and accelerating ciscovey. ‘www info.sciverse.com/sciverse-hub SciVerse Applications for free Scivere Aopictions is & marketplace and developer network that allows ‘he sieticcammunty to bul, fev! nd use applications that eniance the research experience inside ScienceDirect, Soaps, and Hub. Check them cut ‘at wnw.applications.sciverse.com SciVerse Mobile Applications Because tacky authors are often an the move, SciVese MetileApiations delve the resources of ScNerse ScienceDirect and Scverse Scopus to your smart phone for instant access when taveling, visting conferences and networking. Trough Mobile Applications, you can share research va emai, set up alts, see who & cling your work and make nates onthe go. See: ‘ww. info.sciverse.com/sciverse-mobile-applications/overview Web of Knowledge/Web of Science Impact Factors are measured by Thomson Reus using the Wed of Science database. Nor iformation on impact Factor measurements canbe found at ‘www. webofknowledge.com MEDLINE and PubMed EDUNE san online database of 11 millon cations and abstracts rom health and medical journals and other news sources. MEDLINE s searchable via PubMed, a serie of the US National Library of Mesine that includes ‘over 18 milion ction from MEDLINE and other ie cinoa journals for biomedical articles. wurw,pubmed. gow Digital Object Identifier (DOI) To arn more aot ho tho D0 sysiom idonites content inthe digtal environment please vit www.DOLorg Sense About Science ‘Sense Aout Science isan independent chartabie rust. responds othe risropresontaton of science and scientific evicence on issues that mater to society, tam scares about paste bottles, forge and the MMA vaccine 10 contrversies about genet modieation sem cel research ar ration works with scensts and civic gras o promote evidence and scintc ‘easoning in pubic discussion wurw,senseaboutscience.org.uk Pre CnPNAC me Ey