Made by-

Xavier Menezes
AND
Vyomesh Sharma

THEOREM 1-Case 1
If two circles touch, the point of contact lies on
the straight line through their centers.
Given: Two circles with centers A and B
touch each other at the point P

To Prove: P lies on the straight line AB

A

S
Circles touch
externally

Construction: Join AP, BP and draw a

common tangent to the two circles at the
point P

THEOREM 1-Case 2
If two circles touch, the point of contact lies on
the straight line through their centers.
T

Given: Two circles with centers A and B

touch each other at the point P
To Prove: P lies on the straight line AB

S
Circles touch
internally

Construction: Join AP, BP and draw a

common tangent to the two circles at the
point P

PROOF
STATEMENT
1: APT=90
2:BPT=90
Circles touching externally:
3:APT+ BPT=180
4:APB is a straight line
Circles touching internally:
5:APT+ BPT=90
6:APB is a straight line

7:P lies on the straight line AB

REASON
1: Radius through point of contact is
perpendicular to the tangent.
2: Same as in 1
3: Adding 1 and 2
4: Sum of adjacent angles is 180
5: From 1 and 2
6: AP, BP are both perpendicular to
PT at the same point P, and only
one perpendicular can be drawn
to a line through a point in it.
7:In both cases, AB is a straight line.

Hence proved

THEOREM 2
If a chord and a tangent intersect externally,
then the product of the lengths of
the segments of the chord is equal
to the square of the length of the
tangent from the point of contact to the
point of intersection.

Given: A chord AB of a circle

and a tangent to the circle
meets the chord AB produced
at P.

A
B
P

To Prove: PA.PB=PT2
Construction: Join AT and BT

PROOF:

A
B
P

STATEMENT

REASON

In triangles ATP and TBP

1: TAP=BTP

1: Angles in the same segment are equal

2: ATP=BPT

2: Same angle

3: Triangle ATP~Triangle TBP

3: A.A. axiom of similarity

4: PA/PT=PT/PB

4: Corresponding sides of similar triangles

are proportional

Therefore PA.PB=PT2