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z-,r1]rL

rnrLlilt'r'zrLrr slrnlr

td)ndogy: lnlage,

Texl ldeolagy (1986)

Ostltni ctltp

z.nrjiLn

Mitchell(1962)-

pfolesor angielsklego
oraz hrstorii sztuki na
Uiliwersytecie Chica!o
Redaklor p sma Cil/cal

hqrlry. Teoretyk Dtediow

kullury wirLralnel A!lor

'r

Wsptilne ccchl' t,n'vclr

WJT

s.

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ollirllr siq'rtr rrrhl<rlrric Iil<trrrilrllvll Ioj!,ir ,'rz,rrrisl,rsri i rrlrrr'-

Pictrtre Theary Essays

on Verbal and Vis|al
Represenlaliol, (1994)
araz Whal clo Picttires
Warl? ll)e Ltves and
Loye.s o/

r'a9es

(2005)

Sn|ilh Wzfla,]oc soclal()cl

a wtzl a n a i zwtll
w nat tKacll
]

lKat )tcf l]y

spaecf]lych.} s'1B

Szczeniak sy|niaklycf
naprzyjemno -+ s 68

:oo(l

K Lr t.-f lr l{ ,\

WleIfl)icka. W|n|ewska
Wst)(lczest)a Bibha

Paul)etLtil

-t s

1Ae

Pka|a zabawa
vr' lcalr S/r-.r/od{a

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102

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perspcktrrrt' rr, rt:ncsrtnsic, lccz z poilsrulo\\'ilni( r'l) przcstrzcni pilitorielnc'j, t-icgn,tct'lll tlci strrtlz1'tlltlci t1tl clzisit.jszt'c]l cz'ltstilt', ll rlbt'jtllLtj11cr'lll z jL'tlIlt'i strrlrl1'1;]rr]iljtlc.
se i \\'itrtlrr.ittszr' z clrrrgit'j zrIl,l I,issltzlir'tqll t ll)rnstlt N'Ilr.:lllt' l)lrlll'f.skl''cnlrr tldltic
si zllttt1,ltt,rc.u,icltlrt't'tllilttlu,l1 lristllri zrcllrltlnit'I llll,lirc)l!-i.|Ilc'j' lrrlrl<tlrvi:I i |i1il
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zli'zllnt'gtl 1iLtlttttl'tr't'gt, tlllszrrLt tcqtl' cll litittc.ttl]t llrriglLrl'ltltzir.li,,lt.]i]zirlllr,lll i rvr^
ptll'irtlltlllt'lll''. Crl r,1ct'l, tlrr'lt ]lisIrlrilt zltliilrzctlitltl.t.|csl u' tr,ttl, c.' L]]lt l)lll.'liI<r,c.
grl stlttltlu.iltl nlrih.rrt1zie] lr'spli1cz-cstlc 1lsr,c1lll1iz-jrll,l!..iL.zllc 1lrlt1t''icic dtl rlrlrr'ilttczc
trilt u'izrlltltlc.qtl. l)ltnrli.s]ir'iiIgll]llclll()u.li, iz rct,lcslLIlstllr,n 1lcrspcl<tl,r,ll Ilic rltllltl:^i si
d.',,tltlit]'czllc{r' rvrltzctlilt tt'zrrlIillrr.L'qti'' tll<, Ilrl< llr'llr lllzLlI,].]iirtlll IitttI<t,t'., \\J l)()cZ4tl<ltr.ll rx rvicl<ll cz1. intLllcr'.irrJe rr'u,icIltt xl.l 1lltt] tv stlrilzr.tlltlt-i. |)crs1'elitr'rr'c Irit'
z\,\\,ir on st'slcnl1\'eznt

r'lt

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1,tt,,.ttr.',i Psr.ellrliz.jo

logiczncj (s.:r), sLrge rLr.jrtc zu'ir1zeli Po1llicql7\',,nlrjnouoczcsriti'zlnri ,'si,r1ni1.irrnri

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,lrirrnr i NIrlt'u'iczir.
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Ii:ull histrlrii. . I)rlrI<n,lij i zlLsrd1'rcilt.t.z,clltrc..ji 1liJitrlrilrlrlcli s rv jc.q-.rl I,tlZttI]ltlrt,lnjLl lcgtIlilrllj(. t}tltllirltlc

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l)crc(]P(.jr r,jzttlllIln rlli,t)r llistilri, lltr1rlt tllrlgIrb1'Z()sIltL. ()(l.71'til|,lll \\,l]r()st Z l)i]i1()
67-y111i, (:(J

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''illrlcgo'') ictlr'llic lirlrl1lliktric
i trrl< sPorc Itroblcnrt'z Prnviclrnicrn oPtlcznvch h!.Lrr |crs|cl<tlrrr'.irrlio lirntlrrrrrcn
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tr1llr'ch llrljt. cpistctrlrlltigii...
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l )ltr,s.. t.1St' lir t t,1 t :'
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,

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j4 rr,e u'tzesrrvnr stlrlirrnr otllirlrvczvnr.
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zrl<iiriL'zortrl po]rru,icnitnr sig rrrt|stvczncto nror{ernjznru u lttilell Zo. i So. llx rt'it'
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l.'zcItitt' c lv tiu'.jell 1'ir:trr'szr'ell clt'l<r.lirc]l xlx sttlleciit,'1l.,ilru,iJ s!9 tr, I.,tlrt'1lic rlr'u,1'
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z]r,l.,qicz.rl1'fclltltllcll1lllr'irltlliril.zlrst1lrtic,u'.t'rr'slcz,'rtclt.lililllc.jirIlstrrlit.iiilc|i.ln

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Clrr1,1lrz1'iy1ll11ic rltL., brrrt.rl1'cll 1lrzr'lilrt.lr'rv ilustrtrj11cr'clr ztll]lltl\'tr'tllrttlltlrr,\'I]l
rllztlllicltitt drlwiilrlczcIliit rr'iztt;tlltcgtl. Dtl rrlrjlllrrtizit'j tr.1ltlu'l'cil lllrlczr'rlllltiu,]cllic
(}tlct]rcilrl'sliicgrl rltlcicilt rld rltrvlLrtt']
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1,r,nrictlz1 (,rir)sceniczlrrr przcstrzcnirl tcirtrrr i l'lrrlilirlcjsl<inri lrlgmentillni ,,l)rzcstrTc
lli l(cjllllrlltlli'(s' l:.l:7). CrlLrv tlllstlitt.zll rcz Iri1]irr isttltlll,c]l ttrviLg rl tcrlrii i tllc1il
(lZic' L]5trZcqil 1lrzc.1 (cIl.tr.tktcr]'st},cZlli] tll.t u'czcsll.:!.' h1lllrlzIlltr.strr,lt) tcllrlcIlt.j4 rIrl
l)rostcl() ,.sczt't\'\\.llniit" ()dbioru 1r,r|rzs7 ()l)tl'('znc r,Przl rz-,rdorvlrnic u' lirnlic tccllno
lrlgicztlr'grl t.lctcrlllilt]zllltt. Zlttru,ll,lt, iz. ',1lrlz,vt.ilt tlrrz, 1ilrllit']li tt:c]lrliki iest Irisl()r1'c7llic zrriztl]ctllr,lLlrr''(s. ii), ] zc rt,rt,lll u.ic.'zrllr']r 1lrltlc'jcilrcll tl., rvjr]zcrlili (il}1|,1'(1 0h'
liut!t ti)t)').c nic rritc trliicgo zrtrczcnir, ]rrl<ir: stcrcoslir,P nrirl u'rtic:litt xl,r. l)onltrltrr
s1l rtl<r..ji

urtllricsitllict1rt.]lrtltll'tlrlc.,zt'sliIltltk.'rlec1't.jr.,tll,scrrt.lttllll''tll.ltz,']l]strlriiu.]rzt'llilt''

llit'sjc z.c s.,1l1 tllltllric l'r.'ll]ctllr' 1('()I('1l/cZl]C: llr' lntlzt: rr,er]t' Iljc l]]ll ,ll(11](:g() ''x I X.
t.jccz,tlc!.ll illlscrrvlltlrrll'', lL.iL:Lll,Ilit: ,'./i'll llicrcl1trlir'lt'lt1tlcgr', llt:tcIrlgcIliczltegtl sl.stc'
llltt tlr.sltIrst,lr,Il1,cJl, s1ltllcczll't'clr, tcc1lllrllllgit.zll1'cll ()Ir7 il]5tJ'tll(.jr'Irltlltr,clt zlL1t'zllrlsci''
(s. 6).,\lozc nlr' lslrrictl zirtlnrL ,,;'ltrdziu'rt lrislorlrL" orvr'go przcrllrtiolLt, rL ]eili ric rc
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lr,llcgtl t.i'litLl ll, tt:r-.lzllit.jszrlsci (s. 7).
(lrrr11,i'rrrrr riit: rrc{jc si.c.jcrln.rii rrticc orl
i)c\vnl'Ll), cz-cstt'clr i zu,irlzluivclr z il<ono
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.sgJ11,x1ll1'',,'llcg.cttlrltlit.zt-tl'
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j4cv rllrr Ii,,1.oi' I lcacnloniczrlv u,.lrrliirrr u'r'nrirrrzci Znrirrrl u' jrrlijcir {rrlnlcrlclr sp()
]cezllr'cIli (.rlll.l'tlit: ]cst lt,strllic zltdlt tr,c1l 1lr'titli llic Illrlrr'iltc.lttz ll ttclzit:lcttilt llll
llic.ltl1lrlu,ictlzi 1lr,niclr.rz ll].'u.l,lilrzttir.zltiIltr'rcstlu,llltill r.lti1lil1,czll11 llist.lri1 .icl'|,
\l't,'\I L.\||./tllo1\h/,I u.lllrtlitlliirr:lt rr'izrllLlll.'ci.jltli.l ktlltttrtlrvtlj ]lliil{tl]ii zrt.ilt cllrlzictl
llt'g<', lLtll te, r,cic]c rr,ir]zli/l'llscru.itt()I!' I]ll7-l)ilc7()Il(]g(J I)I7,cZ a.cIltlcl., li1lLs s1'l,1ccz.

lll1cz1'l'tllicz-llrlc.''()i.zrlr'icii. lllritr,i(.rlLrt'- llii:istrliltlrvc.t]czltilcllxlx tric..zlll,

rlllsctrlllt,t, llie llliltl zr.lltcgrl l)l'ZCill\'tl r.lll1lirt,t.zltcgt,'' (s. 7). l'icrr','zr I'.,l.'u'.t zti.t

1l

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llilr ]cst z 1lcll'lltlciil1lrrrvtlzirr'lt; 11rttgr zL1ci.l1.,rr'llllie llic,.]irl< gt1r'bv (.rrrl,cliL'ilt1 rzec,

zc lrjc tllitltlr.tt'st1:1ltl Llrl 1lrzcjllu'rlrv Lrr'ci.l tviilzcll.l - tcg()' llil t.rl itlr]zic 1rrllili 1lltrzct.,
u,i.rlii s1l,lst,lll r'pisr'u'ltlJ trl' cil tl'jrzc1J i jltli rr'zLrlrr!i:li t]'lr'jitrlrzcllicu,izttlL1llc' czl, trl
rr, ,,lrr'rzrrclr Il,itlt,r,'.,1czy n'slrclitrtJ<lrtcll zvcirt c,rrlzie nnL go. SccPtt'r't'znr Cmrr''cgo u'obce ,,x l \ -wicczrtclo oh sctn,rt rot-r" prou'rrtl zi g,,, rvlrrcrv u'szcl liici logit c, rlo li, 'n lilrrz. jr,
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Ir:szczc bltrdzit'i cit.lirrr,c.icst rlltrclclljc tLrlllic.ji llist.lrr'eznt'i,1lrzr1lisirrlr'j

t1rl

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i
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(zob.
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s.9). 1 c g,ttorvc rly
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rlrl tv1l;t..lrv:tllilt sig rr'lll.ltlcl ''t|.llllillltL jil,.l1l.lrrl'.' rzr''.ttllirrctsltlll.lei/l.llilrIll.ls. i..i (ll:rlilzicj

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ie

odpowiedziq

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na

posta

zalgdwig spos obem

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wienie pytania,

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kLlrslrt,lIit tlrltIl r, rl[rrrzltt'h I llgi''' |' zltl'r;li'tt,ltllit:
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cltil1r'lt llicttst.lltllie lt' tilrlllit' tliclirllltrtllrlt'lLtlt.gtl r,ll.!llll'Lt.
.lt:drrvn.t zL' sIirsobriu' Por;rdzLrlir sobic z n'nl lttrlrlcnrcnr lrl lr,b,\, por zrLecnii. Io
j9cilr,'lletlLjzr,li.t'']trll
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Iotislrru'owl,clr tu,jcrrLzcli ntoit.''
gtl rr'\,rtrlrlrt l' Itottolo3.l,. |)ir:rrr'sz-r'ttl icsf trl, zc lJttczt,u,1'ltl
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t rlti]r'r.ilt gltl.qzltclt' ,t. cz1i'u,ic]i 7tist lLi s|rv.,rzt,lt1' tlr
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lclll, tt,zliIt'llrIlit. l<rl't.t'cztlc' s1lil1lirIlit.z dr,slittrscIll iLlcrllr,gii. . Stltl.ltlclll si zltitlsr't'niztl
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l)t zynitlci_l\1 ll i(.i
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rzr: trcciltlll ztllrcz-r:Ilill'.,,,rzcc2tlrvclllrl''
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(ailstrlrJijsliiln clz.illtlsclll)' crl z I<tilci tlst1lrrjc lllrStfl)1lcllltl
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strzclrl i czrrsic, ul<rtzl.j4c u,sIosrjb nrrtilrlllt-r'llilstroic lLrlt rrcz-rrci,r, pt.7_cl(itzLlj+c oztrrl(!:
zrtl'czlljtlrr'cgtl 1ltlu.itltIli.t,.71 11;1,lsr. Ilil57Ll]l' ztlll.i.,ltlctt, Itltlc ptlllrt1ttl tlll]lrl,1. d<l
rr,i;ltlczrlltcllltl ()L)scI\\rit{)r{)\vi rr'szr'stliic c]cnlcntr. o't,Lho,ito'(ti,,' tltlczr,t;rIlic, tIrlitlljilcc
1en gt'st jitlitl }S\'lll]rt()l]llltl/c7ll\/ \\/ st()Srllll(ll rltl,,fi1rlzllli1'',,,tllirclrlItcj
1lrzr.Irrlr:zll.lci
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l c cztcl.v tcrtl-lillr' - lilrIlll, ll)()tllJ ()I)rrZ I ittt,lg,'] or,lz sl'trbcll - zllzbilr.j11 si,
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1lrzccl;tldzc llrzcz,,i]ir,lltlgrltEcztl
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1ltltutlclt s1lccl'ficzIrych fuil|il/(ji!; ilr|sI., (.s.:o;
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1,i,z.ir.''^,icIlilt llltlzllll
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tliczb1rr'rilt'y rv rrlli c1ctllctltllrnqgrl 1rrz1'lilltr1tr, 1ltlrlicu,ltz jcst rr. stlillic rrchrlr,ci.]cdll z, lrlijrvazIrit'isZ],clt ccCh Illltlltrsrr'.t zlrcJltxlnir:grl _ \'l/StI)()wlll1je.jzr'l<lr cial.r lrr11z
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ttl \1n,ilricctl llitprzL,td i z'lt.jrl'c t]tl tt:jisttl N1icilael.;r I:).ict{r' lltlccutl tll;Lllt-t;rt,lIlicItl
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t,sriIl, l<tri.
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rc nic illtcrcsuj si stlll llllrr'zltjclrr, :-lic clrl sichic l.' tttotuit1 l
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i bnllzic'j ist()tnt'('l) firrnt r cprczentrrr.ji rvizrlriltci.
tlrtrgic, 1lrzcisttlczcIlic pI,tlstt'i, s1xl1ccz,llcj illtcrrlt.ji (lll-czr.'rri IllI.]ltjitcr, si
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l<rlnfilntrr..ji c]Ll ct'rr'ilizrlr'ltltcgo przczr'cilt illtcrstl1lie]<trlvncgrl. \/czcsIrc ptlziilnll'sr
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1lrlst;rciq tl11rr,rtictlIrt'j nlu.rat.ji' u, i<trirt'i u.r',,sz1'1lllzitlIll 1lllprz-ctlzr

lliz.szl'u'hicrrreliji

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lii rz,clr:zr, i ztlarzcllilt zn;ticirlu,rir. \1..\.ttZ \: lilrnlltcil'' (.. q)l firlltrr,,,,c u, tt]rtll]<tI sc'
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cir icgo llistorvczncqo krcrlni'(s.

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l)O pirrti:, Ltprzrrt'ilr:jou'itnic ntirlltrsttvr 6gLrlllt_y\\i|lcgo, \\, litri11,nt ,,obrrz,, " l i,lnf,,,r]
lLldz)<ic1].' cir1r ilrltz ltrdzl<Jc gcst]'slt 1ltldstltrvilrt.t'ttlj IltllliklrIrliz,Ilrcz,cIlilt, ()Ii,lZ l1']il].-

firrrl niclitcrrrckiclr (,,ptizrrzu, lr'rirrt\r'L'i niltrrrl i u'txlilrstlr,rr rotlz.n.]ou'c{ri'). Nic rvsir.tlinrtl.lc () sztucc rbstrrl(o'jnt'i, brldz inrrvclr f,rnrlclr,,,z ktrjrr.cI zpstrll
ginrtlizorvrtrric

Llsrlll]til cllll '.fir'.l rr'tlirlrcj lrlb rtnltlrr,llr:i trcci'.(czl']i t,bl-llz\ tl.,,l.,rr,l'lc). ic rvs1..,11i.
nltIltc tcz rl tradr'c.jltcll piiitrlrilillr.cIl, trll.z'uclti4cl'cll 1ltlrt'rz.llt' llgllt:ljcz,eIljil (.lrlz- z,rli'rzr.) r'.'llcc 1lrz-ctistru,it: lrIt]zl<icll rr'izcrttlrlirirt'.

lJll szlistc, rt.ict1ntllicrriic tr'clr ]ljcrrrcIlii i t11lclzl'c.ji rv.jr'tllrl1,.()fgill]icZJ]ll cr1rl''_

..istlltllr,t.]l tlzntlci LlIllr,sltl lLltlz,|'ir.-()''l (1()stcIrn dlll ,,Jlltrlit.ji si,Iltct1'czlrr'j'' ilit,ltt,lt,gll.
l)Lrlstc r11 szczcgrj1llicrlic tr'cll cccll ilrltu.tll'1lllclrllllriC \|.\,strl-C71l, 1lr. rt;zgrltnic;r,r.
.q1tirvlll'ztrr's lirr'tr4ii, nlrl11qccj 1l.ldrc. u, u'4tplirvol. Iltltlltlgct.liczIltl 1lrtlr.cstt i)<rltlll
ltlgiczncgrl',,lirllttrllll''ltizsz1'cIl 1ltlzitlnrlitt,ylrz,cz'lt:,'sz't' sLlgertljt: I)iltvcl)ll]iilSt l]]()-lirl,rltl1lrlrtt; nrt 1lrzvl<lttl tlr<lclcrlliztll srltjc si trr dllli]lLlnic gr'''l.']..'rt. lrllbt:c ili.lnrl
lrlgii PlrIlrllillvi'grl z.icj rrlIlltntr'czlll1 l)crn]cl1clltf4(lr,-jc'i IitcLrrlnq i figrrrirl:l11 1lrltlllrldrllv
omz zltllotttvllr rvtclrllrzcnl opoz.1,t']i an.riitycz.nl,clr i svtrtctyczltyclr. \\,'ilill,rlrtgil l)rr
nof skl"crlo,,ikonn".jcst crli<orvicic oprnou',uul plzcz-,,lo.qos", r()zun)iiln.\,.irtlio :.ctirrvcznr', litcntclii, il n'.lu,ct (mnici prz-clionrr.jrrco) nmrhoul,ril,sllrrs.

Nlrlzlllt ttr icdrla1< zrlzilr1ir. ztlltczItic rt'iccj 1lrlza lltlnll1llrr,rlliclll spllsrlllrr' rv jaki
nlctrldlr ])ltnlli.s]11''cgrl pllw.iclr X l X -u,iccz,llc l<tlIrrvctlc.jc (7 ,\,1 PO1)t7c./, rlngJcrli
'jzl'
iiicnl 6gtlrat],n,rlyIrl, 1xldJlrlprl.ic su,l1 u'lsll lll!.il{. Nlll()i-V zlt1ll,tlttl: l ) cr' lil-r'ic si pr'.
nliiiz-r' t sccll1<.1,.jr'.j cl<strlr1lrlhc.i4 i 1lrllic1ittlu'nniclrr i]<tlrlrllrlgii.iltiirl
clliczcqrl
',tllrtlIii'';
()\/a sccI-l1l nic.icst rlclptx'icdrlir dllr z,ltitltllrcgtl dllL nie'i cc)tl i
.jlrliic inllc ilrsccniz.lrcjt:
nli,gIr'b1'ttl ttczr'ni'lcpii:ji l)vtltllic trl ztrbierzc lllts tlstirtcczllic 7 l)()\^lr()tL:lll dtl t:se'itl
rl 1lcrs1lciit1rt'ic: z) czcgo llltlcnl\.llltrtcz'\'c sig 7c 5l)fl,tlljf tlr,ilrrllci
llrZcZ Px|l1)1.s],cto pig11var,,'1 sccnlii fozclrou'ir:ltiri ]rLl< ntgglr[rl' ()llii zosttc 7-q r]c1t( )1il przcz l)q,7_ptltt
il<rlllo1rlgii l)()ll()\/()c7,cS^ll(:i (czr,,.jlrli 1lrnviniclrenl j4 lrltzrvllc.) il<rlIllllrlgii /r.yrytz'lti,,f;
.|t:dll11 z rzeczli l<trirc z 1lL'rr'lrrlc]lt z.ltru.ll.l.1ilbr.ilitlnrlIrlgilt lir1tr'czlla,.|cst <l1lllr ilirl-

nl'rvtlbt:c ltlgrlstt. l1zecz1,rvicic,'jcdn11 z l<1isz 1lrlstlllrlrlcrtlizIltl icst trl, zc 1lr4 rlll ciltll<l1
rt.cllllrtliltlli;t izr4<r przcz rlbrltzr' i ,.st,nltl]'t|irr,'', sctlrirlt1'czn.y grlliIlt't lustcl..|t:ze1i trlrtllllirrir ilionologil Iotvstrzlnltu'itlit ,rbntz litnnrtf, to il<olloLrgiir irostnorlcrnistlcz-

llr.pllrt'stl.z\'nlttjc.iz-r'li.Nicicsttrlrvcrlc.iccltlrk''llisttlriil''rtlzrttrliitur.jtJ<rlnnrr,tcr,jttc

.i11rlrrl.

cc]

zltgIliczdz,tlnc u, sanlc'j gfalllilt],cc,,il<rlno]rl{.lii'',.ix](rl

rrzctr oLlrlt,l'Iitltn,9t] i tclst..}t:tlrx; lllttsi

silllci

l<.tlllcc1lc']i, zsz.r.i'.rj.

1lti1lrzcc1z,ir dru{ric, drllllilltlrvlt, strrviar:

rlpriI., lrtlsi si nrrt.zajr:lll tlzLt1lL:lIlilrc. ()r'lt jnnllc ci1}'t(]7 ()dlnicl]nclr. rlbrltzu i tclistLt
l]i(].icst ul'ilic7llit: Iir'cstilLllrll'1iczllt.j strtllttrlr1',.jtl< gt1411' tlllr,tzllIll nliltllt
1llzr'1lrc|
rv rrtlz,ir]c rrllr
sttlsttll]<tl clll tclistrI..Illlt 1xllilrzlll l)lrric) l.ifiinr,, s t()

''iIlllcgti.lv

]){)](

cill, rr'jrliich lldllricttt:llc'7a,/''o /ala v\raj,;l.ll,t.jcst rv rel1clisji |cllllIllelltlltlgicz-nt.i, sz,czc

gri]Ilic u. rcltt.jt nliqdzy nltju,ic1'lll |ir i n,iclzirn1'lll Illtll,lll,l
Iirl.tl'cznlt iltrltlrlJtlgilt jcst Zlltcln tr'nl, cil liicrltjc 1llis 7, l]()\'r()tcll.l ]<Lt c]wtiln z'Ilit
j.ll,lll'Ill' ptlz,tlrat,ilrj4c1'ln si rrit tIlicr'lt. Illi1czctlitl, ii()l]st]'ttltl,\1'l]Ci figrtrzc cz1','sccllct.
lc()Ict]'fft]('i', Illltrki iI<rll,rrll<lgicz-llcj _ cz-r:lllu, ctl tlltztvlllclll
Zbr't lltn,ll
',lli1lcril<rln4''.i.

:4.|.ililrlli.l)'(l9ti9).(;r\,!/|\/h(.\i!'l'iiottlrll/h.

l5

l/

1,

lc

rrir rie

(,i1lrrr.,,,Atlrt:rit.ltll.lrlLlrtrllltl|.Sclllirllit.s'.,tlt

:o,1 : r ,;.
/llb'ltott/,l2.1,'tIz.el't.'s.5 6.liiiizrvil1zrtllt7t\'t1ll(l)tl.cl)(-;ll',Il)clll)l)Il7L]''\vllr,w'L|,l'jl.
s.

jszr j ksi4zl.i I I'i

t u

n' I /:t,,

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1t'

Jednq z klisz posfmodernizmu /esf

to, e by on epokq
wchaniania jzyka
przez obrazy
i ,,symulakry",
serniotyczny
gabinet Iuster.

!1,i1l|.1'1lrzcl<sztacic t9 secllc (|ai< 1l.l i:zcijrrz tll

zrobil cnl ) rr,rbicl<t idcoloqiczl Ici rlttiiz\', Ir( )trill(tr ) -

rt.'. .:t i'':.'.rl.'1''li5 l'rt.z.r.rzril'.';', llli.' /\'/'Il':l\!'il,

zbttd.,r'ltIr4 ]li)i lrz1'1't, llli Irll llrlll I'iLllrl1.s]<\' - rliL
grtIlcie,'tlzictlzictlvit 1lrl rcdIl]tlu,icczlir'tll rl'ccr
st$ic"(s. r r). l),rzrr,olg soL'tc u'z;ttttiltlt l)rzt't()cz\'a
1

itttllt, rr,r,rrzliie it1t'r,l.lgicztlli scctl, ] lltxltrt. il} lttlr

1izic iitlrltlJrlqieznt'j.
l}r1zit tll't\lt] lLlsscrr,u,s]ii tl1lis iL1crl1tlgii irlitl
jcdllrlst)<i, lrlll'
1lrrlccsu. ittirl''.illtcr1lclttje litlItlirclllt'..
strlt' si1' lrllllirett)]'l)li l]()(l]l]()tilllli'' IJcrllllt]iii 'jcst
,liurlir'i;1 11ig- vlrzpoznrrvruriit", zilLrsl rort'rrlt liill<r,'
nrrr. nlzu,lnl llli przcz Altltussct'r,.,5a( nkln)i le()
rt'tr'czll'Ilrj... Otr' 1licrrvszit z Ilicli:

Wclll\' blLrtzl l,']irllllirctIll''' 1lrzvlil lr d _

\1,sZ\,sc]'

nlltrll1. prz1,IitciriI, littlrzr. 1lrrliltic Llr, ilrztl'i, llll tlllsz.c Pl trnic: ,.1\1() tiln):", otllr,lvlrtclr.]r1 (Porticrt'rz
,'it'st til tlczrrl'is1e,'): ,'.lil ir''. ]zcczrrt,ie]c rrlz1lrlztlitictllt'' z,e ''ttl
orrr" lrllrr' ,,to Lrri'. ()nvicl rrnrl tlrzu'i i ,,prrrvLllt ]cst, zc rttrl rr'lrt-

llictirnl

Sct'rlli't t'l

7()st.Lj(.

Llr4lt''.

llil1l'.lllll!ltst 1lilli1czt'Illt z irlnl1,

trlczl'si Illt

LrlJc1':

tllllclllr''.. 't1czvtlt'' 1lrll.'r'.'sze sccri]ii 1lllrr'itrtliit \' ZcStil\\'iellill z Pltrlo1..lir,Illi l).l

picru'szc, posiLulrrjLl onc u'igcc.j sz-czt-qrilriu', srL brtrdzic j ,,1<orrl<rcttrc" .lrtl<, Lrzlxrtirtc ctr
rlzr.s]i'rr.tl' rr]lrlu.jc ttl sltrll A]thtlssc:l...[.rll,itrzr.s]<itl s1ltltliltllicjcst rit1rrlbiIl i;lrrt1z,ici int\'r])I)c ()IllZ llrzcl]ljr:llltc - rvzrjcIlIlc 1ltlzt1rtlrr,!cllic zllr.ir;tlll'cll, 1lrzr']lrcit,l, llsr-lll lr.tzlllt
czrlllt,c] 1rrz-cz gcIl.1cr' tlic zlt.icdltrlstrllntlt', ll.lit'sz.czltlislli gtst' 1<ttir1' rllrlglll1' rrlrvIlic
rltl1lI zc ztlstlt. lr.l'lllit'tliillt\' ;lrzt.z clrr'rljli tiiezll;ti.ltll1,cll. Set:lll<r Alt]trlsscrr icst 1lrt:1tr
,liLrnl tl,r spotlirurirr nrrrrrcvincqo lrrlr dr.ulrtvtzncgr,, rlirtiogu, tr' 1<1,i$'rlt slt to l)ieru'sze
u'i,1lrltr'icrlziltllt: s1rlu'lt; llierzc tr, lllrt'ils rr'iz,Ltlt]n.li. i Ll1lrzr'rr'11r'irlrr'tr'lc Jr:1ll1 rvr,niilLIr
rlrlr1ll4 - 1lt'zdrrlwietliL' 1lrz-cz z-rllllitlite t1l-zu'1, trl..I lt'j, tr,t.inlI'. li.lgllj Iliclvitlrlcz-Ilcgtl
nrr rrlict'-,,nrilrrnrrlnicjsz-c u,czu'lnir' polieljnc (rrlbo lrie) \\'sz.\'stldclr cztsott"'. Sct rrr
l)ltll.'f.slil'L'gll.icit e7'\,st() rvizrlrltlr; Ilic 1lril.tilt rt, lric.] zltt1llc s1trrr'lt, tllecIlc sl1.jr:.11'llic
qcstl'' r lld Ilri.|rr111tc.] s1 tlu,.i]lli z-lllt.i.llll1.cli lric rlezcl<tt]etll' n]czg{rl u,i!cc.i. |)rlltlf.siir'
nic Lrclil4r u' orlp,rrvitrlzi srvojcgri li,tlrclLrszr: rvt'c,rtiric sig u'rtrrt,rtrtic u'irrsrrcj rLlitrrr'tlllcjzllll.s]rlrr'c'i i irltcr1lrctlr.'r'ill..i' tlr'irrl'llli'tl.'tr'.t ilttrl1lrr'tri'j rl]lit:l<ttl rr,tt'izttr1tlil'Irr'r IrtL rrr'.rlt, u Ir, i 1tt zl I rzr Li.
Sit ttl l<rlllstr.trlt-r,rr,ltt ,.scctllij 1c()Ict].clIlc''.lrrrie1l rr,lzlt].lrt' tlltLlki: 1)illl()is](\'.C'
gtl tl tlbrrzltclt (l1<t'rrtllllgij) r'l.tz i\ir]lrt'.cr.'rr'.Lit.l l' (1.rlsz111,1'j1 u'ilrtltllllrlt.i(iclcrlltlgii). |)ilrrirt,llrlr1e llic icSt, ()C71'\1'ici.:. tl.,sIir'lrillc. ll<rlrlr,Irlgilt.]cst lllltllill; itlclllrl.Jir 1lrlu,irirrr b1'1'l)fz((llri()tenr nrrrki. lrlcologir lcst olriL l<tcnr fc()letyczll|nr, lecz nic tcoli4l
icst rricliorzt,slnl,ru olrilrn,crrr, liti-,rt rrrrsi zostrtt'ztlirgrtoz,otr';lnl'. Ilitirtoloil jt:st rt,c
dlLlg' l'rrlll1.slir.i'trl ''iiiirgrr.lstli'(s- l 9); (il.llll.r'Illi) ',s1'tll1lttllllrtlli.'s l<tl1ttlrrlt'c st.trlllt'
5\'ll1(.t\.iZll('i'' 1() ()\\'C t(|()r(.t),czllc rlll1clitl'(irl'
lc, l.t.i'c illtt'r1lr-c1lljc rzil<i
''intrlit.]i

]ltl<

| '. i:rxll). ll/,,,h3iI i,!|,l],|| ],liilr,1i;;'11r 1,,11151i.,,t' I|,i,ttiiJi ,il /,.l'l.lli' 1lrzt'I. l\lt
rlrzciStlrror,,.\,nvriLrrtllilr"ltcIstrlrvrrlrurirr,rrlinc:lrttp:;'.'rvrvr,,.lol'alirltrllr-ltl,/sl'i]r.

:;

plrp:rrrli{ lr''^(r
I

rrrrrz,

NlI l ( lllrl.l.

Z\\'ll(l

l'I li l ()kIA

t7

r.\l

ni lrrdzic,,rbr'trz| nrrrlrtrsliir') nitPOlll;,t,,' rv lricrtvotncj sccDj( r.r{,(rIr1,, rl)/l)o/]rtr'li.r

i l',rzrlrou ictriri.
Ilozcqrlrinl tcrrz scellic lozlro/rll\\,c7 r (ir'Przctirvitrisnlic tlo zu'1lilcgri Prtrrirr'Illnir) llidzr'iliilrllllrlgi4 l)ltIlrlf.sl1.i'grl .r idcrl1rlqil1 ]tlitisscr.t, 1lr<lszltt. ic1t' itllr'r.lz.i'.l
znlt1i i ,,1lllzlllrlrvil i'' sicbic tllrtvz,itjcItl. l l<r ltl.,l. lgir l )71)()Zlli] si.irl<.' 1l lc. ll. lti lt, czrJi .i.t1<rl
sl'Stct] l]clltLiIl]Zrc.ji, h.llllrlgcIliczIl]'tl1.sliLtrs, rr'l'nlltztti11c1' l<rlllfl]]it i rilzlliL.9 nlitlzv ii(

qttrlrtlli,'rlrgrlticzrlr.j.jcdnr,ci''r'r'ilZ''sl.lllct\clll('iinrLriL.ii'''lJc.,lr'g1.rrrlz1lrlztlilsi.]ltlirl
ii<onoioqirr, rzcl<orrl rtrrrliit, rt rric tvllio ]cl przcilnri,rt. ()tllin'cirt tcqo ,ioli,llrt rl nxlj)r()stszr' sprlsti1l I)|.7.c,/' r|)'/.|)|)'/]i\|lic i 1lrltrr,ieri1zcItit. It'j 1lll17-111|1iu' (t.|l.lllrllrlgiczIlvcll i lli.
strlrr.cz'nlt.ll) jrl<rl,'tlllrt]ii rl ]c]cltc]l'', rr' I<ttllci,,idi:c''s4 rrlztllliilrtlc jrllil .,l.rrzr' [llr(.,.'].
,,p,rrrki" l)cstLrtt.i rlc'il'ricl orrtz innlcli or.r'girr.tlrrvclr ,,itlcologrirr"'r'cu,olirt ii lirtncrrsl<ici '.
(-clcnr tr:.g,, porvit,uriir nic jt st u,sz.rtkzr: plostc uczl.r'ricnic il<rrrologii ,,idcoloq-icz-rlit' u,ilttl. lnl'' cz\' srlll.'lirt't\ cz'Il.1, l..cz tIczl'l l jcIl] c lirr'tr lli !LlL:lll.,gi czl c] ir'irr.'lrl l1 ?
ilionologicznic. I(rltlli,t irlcologiczrrri nic noz.c l)() pr()stir rrliroczl'c _lrtlio sulrcrnrct()-!
11r rv ih'sliLrs]c ll rlbrlr'u-ic I llrlqr] bllrlz r.rizllicl. rrljcdzr' tclistctlr il ()bIilZclll. IIltcrrrc-l
niLrjc i slLIllll.jcst I]Ifc7llitc7()l]il clrl irltc.rrvcnr'ji 1ll.zcz su,rii 1lrze11tllitlt. l)lirtcqil n,1lrllic /
Ilrzr,tlctll ttl lljcic iliollrlirlqiJ krl't],czIlt'Ill i ti.t]elitycz,llr'lrl' Nic s1ltlcz]'rr'lt tv z-lrcllrl,tll
Iir'rlzic IlltLlrzJrlr'trl, u llezlircsllt'tll ]ltlIt'ztlIlcir: l l1stilrii''|zr'1r, [1lll.,,5|11, N't1Lrrr,, Bvtrr L:z-r'.jaiiicjl<oirvick inrc'j rrbstrllicYjnc'j zrrsrtdt', lccz znrLrs/.r r'rrls clo porvrotu nrr nrit]scc zbrodli, nric.iscc |oz-tlrorvicnir Iuicdzl' I)orlnriotrrnri nrigdz.l' l)o1l111l11tcnr nl(j\\'iilcvnr r tviclz4ctnr, irlt ologit nr r il<rrtrolrigienl.

LcJt.ilL'litrir.ltPlr'lliczllrvr'jill'eL.tliz.t.ji.tirzr rt'qrl,i)'7ol:ttstltlnti:otl'o.it.i,rtlzttlllilt-

l<trlrt.j rlit.]lt

\/cztllv illtll'i)|.7\.li1xd: ldcL1l'rrlz1xlztllrictllt'Illt tI]ict'Iitlgtl z tlr

szt.c1l zrrltirltllr'c1l, dlLiclllr' ltlit rlll zr,lztiltlictlit' ze q-il 1ltizllitlitrlr'
(i ze r.lzprlzn.tliIlll1 zc i rlll tllLs 1lilzrlltl), trirlrvic tnrt ,'dzieli drlllrr''
dl t'gi 1lrzr.ircic1rl'' i cis1<lril1c dlr'li (rvtrIrll.ill 1lriilitr,I<lr lrl.ttt'rilt]rrll
iclcolO'4iczlre,g,' r( )zl)(,/ nf, nif, rv z|rlil corlzlt nnl'm, prz\1tjnr nic j
rrt. l].l.ilrlt.!i: g.lz-ic ilrdzici rvr,stptr'j11 inllc r1'trl'llr.). .

:t' '\ltlltls:r:l

\\'.l. l.

Illl.],tlitl pltrrrlplt1,cznr inrt'iti]acill ilrllz rv]lttzlt illlicl<tLi/.'irlrlegri'(.jctllltlstl<i czr' tlbrltztt

I llrr3.'|).]cst zbrli.1Il14 tttllicjser'll'illlll1 r' t].cll scclrirc]l. Nic rtlzgr1,rlr si rlltn lr.l11cz.
ltic rlill lr'rs; ll()strciC irllqllzLr.j sig u'nlllir:i lLrll blrrdzic'j l<.'llu,t'tlc.j.'Ilrlllc 1ltlzLlrrrvicIl!lt
1tlrrrzr's1']c. ljl'''zrlbltczr't.'' zllrtlrirli, tllrIsiltll. tlstlIlllc P()stxci 7c sccll], i z1l:rtllri' jlr slr-

i rrlziltlzt'tlitlilt' sillll tCfcll, lit(l|\' l)()Z\1,ll].l irn :i p. '|.lu'ic.

1)rczctltllc.ilr ilrvr'j pttstr:I scctl1', ilbtllzrt I li.rqr] zlr1rlzr'ciclslricgrl iilr u.szt'lJ<lej Illrlz
]iu'r:j kLrltLrri'rvizttr1llrl-prz,cstl.z'cttrrc'j icst LllllllLilrlic t\'I]l, C{) 1)ill]()f.]r,1lrzr:tistltrt,ilt
\\:swJnrt:scjuo|crsIcJitlt'ic'".Art,lllrltcn, jrl<|rz.cliorrlrvrrl l\liclr.rcl l)oLlro,rlo-rtrtrcz.r rlilrrlrliiclr (i sprzccznlclr) opinii o pcrslrt litt'rvic rcncsrnsrrrtj: p" picr rrsze, rt .,nit'
tn11,

pi,1c rr'idzeIlir

zrtlllt:.l.'

1ltlsirt1iL

5z.g7l.ltiiltcB-rl

ttzlrslttlllictlilt rr,lllcttltlzit.l'rgrlliz.tr']1cc!

rt:lltt.]c 1,rzc

czcilt li<ltlll.ctnc.i Iirr1trirr'i 1lrlsilttlr tcl,l sltl1l stlttrts,crl illllr: s1llistlllt' 1lrzcilstrrvicti 1lrzcstrz,ctlll1'cll, wl,l<sztltlctlItc \vc\,Ili}tf7 itltll'cli IiLt1ttrr''; prl
tlrrluic, z,c
.lbsillrrtr'z-ll]4cr' 1lrllrlt lt'it1zcnilt rr,r'bcc illrl-r'cll lirlllstrLr1<L.ii'.. .
',rt,1lrtllvrrlz,;t
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