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44

(
)

65

, ,
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1921
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* , , , , , .
** .

65

National identity (The Jordanian case as a model)

By: dr. Hayel M . Al Bree* and Khader E.-Al Sarhan**
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to clarify the idea of the concept of
national identity and all

associated meanings connected with it including the

components and the characteristics

of Jordanian identity and the its problematic

issues. Moreover, it will show how to strengthen it in

Jordanian society. The

Jordanian identity can't be composed or indivisible. It is an honor and privilege for

any person carries it. This identity has been established by the hard- working of the
Jordanian since the founding of the Principality in 1921 until the present time .
The Jordanian identity has passed through several stages since the
establishment of the Jordan state up to now. The Jordanian identity that serves as the
most trustworthy handhold that combines the Jordanians in one pot, on the bases of
respect for human rights, and the system of rights and duties of the individual and the
state.
It must be noted that the identity of Jordan is currently experiencing
many problems, including: The unstable political conditions in the neighboring
countries, and devoting the logical, and sub- loyalties. This study concludes that the
Jordanian identity needs to be deepen and strengthen in the current time by all
Jordanians, individuals, institutions, political bodies and the three authorities. This
requires an interest in

the social heritage of all classes of the Jordanian society, and

work hard to develop effective and beneficial solutions for the economic problems,
and to direct meaningful and effective programs through the media to deepen full
knowledge of the history, customs, traditions and the values of the Jordanian society
focusing on social justice away from the partisan through the deepening and
strengthening of national responsibility.
* ASSt. professor. History Department .Faculty .of Social Sciences. Muta University .Jordan
** Researcher in Islamic History.

65

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Abstract
This study aims to determine the factors affecting the
participation of youth in political and economic activities.
It discusses the obstacles that face youth in engaging in
political and economic activities from their perspective.
The study relied, mainly, on the results of a field sample
survey that covered 300 students from public and private
universities. The results of the study pinpoint the
weakness of political and economic participation of young
people. Furthermore, the main variables that studied
including monthly household income, family size,
educational level of both father and mother, and place of
residence failed to influence the attitudes of respondents
to participate in party work .
Keywords: young people, political empowerment,
economic empowerment, Jordan

97

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psychanalyse, Paris, P.U.F, 1972, p575.

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11. Sauvy (Alfred), La rvolte des jeunes, ditions Calman Lvy, France, p81.
.12 .46
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311

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19. Klein (Mlanie, Notes sur quelques mcanismes schizodes in dveloppement
de la psychanalyse, Paris, P.U.F, 1972, p575.

311

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050

Political security and its impact on contemporary Iraqi society

Field social study in the city of Mosul
Mohamed D . Hamdan Ramadan
Iraq / Mosul University / Faculty of Arts / Department of
Sociology
Abstract
Research aimed to identify the level of the political security of members of
the Iraqi society , and disclosure of the significance of the differences in the
level of political security depending on some demographic variables for the
sample , and the sample included 350 individuals were selected from a
deliberate way the research community.
This paper is based on a scale of Maslow 's sense of security and insecurity
in the preparation of the scale discussed , as well as the hired against
observation in collecting information from respondents , and were processed
data statistically using analysis of variance and analysis of variance duo ,
and the researcher to approach the social survey and the historical method of
collecting information and deduced his induction.
The researcher reached several conclusions, including:
1- democracy remains a supreme value aims to states and all peoples of the
world, including the Iraqi society in the process of reform and political
change.
2- the en catmint t of laws and regulations that prohibit all forms o
discrimination sectarian, ethnic and religious institutions in the state or in
the community.
3- that the nature of the current crisis requires the presence of a strong
national political program and pursue rational political re- building of a
modern state that Thoudy the support and respect of everyone.
4 -Women's participation in the formulation of public opinion and political
decision-making is a civilized way and a great way to make a fundamental
and radical change in the form of the new political system.
5- that the equitable distribution of national wealth and provide services to
the general public and the areas without any discrimination is an important
factor in stimulating loyalty to the homeland and the need of the necessities
of the advancement of civilization and the way to build a democratic society
properly.

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64- Nunnally, J. G. psychometric theory. New York, McGraw-Hill ,1978,p23
-65 198358
66-Stanly, C. J. and Hopkins, K.D.: Educational and psychological measurement evaluation. New Jersey,
prentice-Hall, 1972 ,p118
58- 67- Anastasi, A psychological testing, 4th-ed, New York, Mc-Million publishing, 1976,p139
-68 .

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228

:
.1 political participation
( ) Weiner

.

( . ) 1984
( ) 1996
.
:

( .).12

.2 :Citizenship
(
) ( )Karen Oshea
( ).
:
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( 1995
:.)56
:
( :1996 . )311

( : 1999 .)5

229

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230

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1975
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130 1976 .

180/34 30
3 (A Short History of the CEDAW 1981
).Convention

231

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240

.
:
.1 ( :)1996 :
.
.2 (.) : ( ).
.3 ( :)2005 :
.
.4 ( :)1982 .
.5 ( :)2007
.
.6 ( :)1984 .
.7 ( :)1999
.
.8 ( :)2007 ( )1923( .
www.ahewar.org

241

.9 ( :)2005
www.minshawi.com.
.10 ( . )2007
.11 ( :) 2009 .
36-29
.12 (":) 1996 " 25 4.
.13 ( :)2007 . 43920
.14 ( . :)1995 .
.15 ( :)2004
.
.16 (" :)2005 "
-
: .
.17 (" :)2003
"2003 .
(.)12041
.18
.
.19 B.I.E. http://www.ibe.unesco.org
.20 () :

.21 ( :)1996 .
22.A Short History of the CEDAW Conventionhtt//www.un.org/womenwatch/htm
23.Gita Sen and Batilwala Sirilatha(2000): Empowering Women for Reproductive
Rights Women's Empowerment and Demographic Process Moving Beyond Cairo
New York: Oxford University Press.
24.Quillen Carol(2001):Feminist Theory: Theory Justice and the Lure of the Human
Journal of Women in Culture and Society Signs Vol.27 No.1 Autumn.
25.The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women: Platform for Action
)(China:1995): (http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/.htm
26.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 16
Articles 1; 5527.United Nations Charter

242

342

:
" :


".
. )2013




(

(Economist
3193/3/93

( 9 ( 87
(
( 23 ( 28

344

9-(
Risk(
Risk table the Arab World
Score Current
Previous rating

Country

Rating
Current

Somalia

87

87

Syria

+2

84

82

Sudan

-2

77

79

Iraq

+1

73

72

Yemen

-1

71

72

Mauritania

62

62

Algeria

+1

62

61

Libya

+1

59

58

Djibouti

53

53

Lebanon

+1

52

51

Egypt

+4

54

50

Morocco

50

50

Tunisia

+1

49

48

Jordan

+1

43

42

342

Previous
score

Saudi Arabia

42

42

Kuwait

39

39

Bahrain

39

38

Oman

36

36

United Arab
Emirates

33

33

Qatar

+1

28

27

Germany

-1

20

21

Rating (E =
most risky)
Current

Score
(100 =
most
risky)
Current

Rating (E = most risky)

Current

Score (100 =
most risky)
Current

Economist Intelligencce Unit 2013 4

342

()1
( -)2013/

100
80
60
40
20
0

8487
717377
62
62
59
4950545253
333639394243
28
20
Score Current
Somalia

Sudan

Yemen

Algeria

Djibouti

Egypt

Tunisia

Saudi Arabia

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates

Germany

Economist Intelligence Unit 2013 :

: Social risks:
:

342

9391

( 2007

(2004

342

(2013

(2013


(

342

Social Risk Management :
: Introduction:

(


99

322

3113

91

325

( 2013

323

: Sources of risk:

( Micro



3113

( 2011
*

( 2011

322

4
:

( 2013

3112-3111

4
(

( ]

324

( 2011 3193

(2013

9338

322

2011

322

3193/8/98

322

Crisis Management:

( 2011
(

: Tools to deal with the risks:

4
* 4
* 4

* 4

322

( 2013

( 2013

( 2013

322

: Measuring social risks:

( 2013

4National Security 4

322

( 2011

325

(2011
: National Security:

4
"
"( )2011

323

(2011

4


(2011



: National security levels:
4
* 4

* 4

* 4

( 2011

322

:
4
* 4
* 4
* 4
* 4

* 4
* 4
( 2013

Political implications of the Arab :

:social risk management

_
Facebook

324

( 2013

322

: Conclusion:

322

( Inside-Out
( ( Outside-In

3199

322

322

: Theoretical explanations:

(
(

( Anger

322

:
9

-3 (
3
8

(
(

4


9

:
4

322

( 3191

:
( 2011 ( ). 9 ( 2007 ( ).
-( 2011

-( 2013

.2013/5/21-20.
( 2010 9
( 2004 - ( 2011

( 2013 911

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/02/daily_chart_arab_unrest_index
&fsrc=nwl

325

272

:

9
)061
9

)0884

Identity Crisis Among Adolescents of Minorities in Iraq

Dr. Chachan Jumaa Mohammed
College of Basic Education / University of Dohuk / Iraq
Chachan_chomah@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
The study aimed to identify the level of Identity acheviment of the
adolescents of minorities in Iraq, and reveal significant differences in the level of
Identity acheviment due to the variables of minorities , gender and age and.
The study sample included (170)students, who were selected
deliberately from secondary schools in the city of Bashiqa, who belong to three
minority groups: Shabak, Christians and Yazidis.

273

The study relied on identity Acheviment scale, prepared in Iraq by

Mohammed (1995).
The data was processed by using t-test for one sample and two
indepedent samples and ANOVA. The results showed that the level of Identity
acheviment of adolescents of minorities was low, which means that the identity
crisis is still present . The results also revealed that there are significant differences
between adolescents in the level of Identity acheviment due to minority , as well as
results that indicated no significant differences in the Identity acheviment according
to variables of gender and age .
In the light of the results a set of recommendations and proposals were presented.

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.
27.Coleman, JohnC. Hendry, Leo (1990):" The Nature of Adolescence" Second edition, London EC4P
4EE, published in the USA and Canada by Routledge.
28.Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
29.Hagedorn,Robert(1983):" Sociology" ,Second Edition, Holt, Rinehart &Winston of Canada,Limited.
ISBN0-03-921636-5.
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Press Inc., NewYork
31.Taylor- Umana, Adriana J.; Bhanot, Ruchi; Shin, Nana (2006): "Ethnic IdentityFormation during
Adolescence: The Critical Role of Families" Journal of Family Issues, Vol.27 No.3, pp.390-414.

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