Food spoilage

 :
-1 .
-2 ) (.
)
(.
-3 )
(.

 Spoilage of vegetables



.

 -
Bacterial spoilage of fresh vegetables
Erwinia carotovora
Pseudomonas
Bacillus, Clostridium

.


Fungal sooilage of fresh vegetables

Colletotrichum
.
anthracnose Gleosporium
lenticel rot


:
-1 Gray mold rot
Botrytis cinerea

 -2 sour
,oospora, watery soft rot
Geotrichum candidum
,

.

.

Sour rot

Watery soft rot

 -3
Rhizopus soft rot
Rhizopus stolonifer
.
) (
.



) (.

 -4 Phytophora rot
phytphora


.

 -5 Anthracnose


Colletrichum coccodes

 Spoilage of fruits



.


Erwinia
. Erwinia rot


Spoilage of meats ,poultry and seafoods

:

.

.

 )(EH

.

.

.

a.
Spoilage of fresh meats

:
-1
ATP
.
-2
)).Eh

 -3 .
- 4
.
-5
ATP.
-6 .

) ) glycolysis
.
- 7
.
- 8
.

*


.
*
.

* Clostridium
. Enterobacteriaceae
* Rhizopus ,
Mucor ,Cladosporium
). (black spot
*

* Torulopsis
,Rhodotorula ,Candida
*
.pseudomonas,Acinetobacter
*

.

Mechanism of meat spoilage

H2O
.


.

.



-: Sliminess



Lactobacillus,Streptococci
.

Lactobacillus

Streptococc

 - :Souring

LactobacillusStreptococci


.

 -Greening:
Lactobacilli
Leuconostoc



.

 Spoilage of poultry
Pseudomonas


Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium,
Acinobacter

 enterobacteriaceae


.


Spoilage of fish and sea foods
*

Fish

.

.

 :- Spoilage of eggs

-1 .
-2 Lysozyme
.
-3 Avidin
Biotin
. Complex
-4 P.H

 Yolk
.

-:
Pseudomonas , Acinobacter , Salmonella ,
Micrococcus , Eshrichia , Alcaligenes ,
Aeromonas , Proteus , Staphylococcus

 -:
Mucer , Penicillium , Cladosporium ,
,Homodendron
Torula
.

 Rotting
:
Pseudomonas Green rots
Colorless rots
Pseudomonas , Acinetobacter

Pseudomonas , Black rots

Proteus , Aeromonas
Pink rots
Pseudomonas
Serratia Red rots
Custard rots
Proteus

Spoilage of cerals , flour , doughs and

bakery products


.


.


Bacillus


.



Amylase Rhizopus
.
Streptococcus ,
Lactobacillus , Leuconostoc
.


.
Rhizopus
stolonifer Bread mold
Neurospora sitophila
Red bread

. Ropiness

 Bacillus subtilis,
B.mesentricus

.

 spoilage and dairy

:products

.

:
Streptococcus, Proteus, Micrococcus,
Propionobacterium, Lactobacillus,
Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Pseudomonas,
Coliforms.



) thermoduric Lactobacilli ,
, Streptococcus Bacillus
(.

Leuconostoc

Coliforms

Bacillus

Pseudomonas

Micrococcus

Proteus

 :
- Surfiace taint putridity
Psedomonas putrefaciens
- Rancidity
, . Psedomonas

Psedomonas


:
Cladosporium ,Alterania ,Aspergillus
Mucor ,Rhizopus ,Penicillium ,Geotrichum,

)( .

Aspergillus

Rhizopus

Penicillium

Mucor

Cladosporium

Geotrichum

Alcaligenes

Alternaria

(,,,)
Alcaligenes
slimy )
( card
Psedomonas, proteus
, ,,Enterobacter

Geotrichum,Mucor,Altern
. aria,Pencillium

 Spoilage of
sugar,candies and spices
Clostridium , Bacillus
.

.

Saccharomyces


:
Trula , Saccharomyces

.Conversion of sugar

 Clostridium sporogenese


.



Proteus
, Bacillus
.
,


Zygosaccharomyces Z.mellis
. Torula

 -
, .

.
-

.

 ,
,
,
.
Spoiling of nutmeats
) , ,
(


.

 Spoiling of fermented
foods
,
.

: Sauerkraut
, ph
. 3.7 3.1

 :
:Soft kraut a.
.
Slimy kraut b. :
Lactobacillus cucumeris
.L.plantarum
:Rotted kraut c.
.

 : pink kraut -
.Torula
: pickles


. 4

 :
* : pickle blacking
. Bacillus nigrificans
, :Bloatersa.
Pediococcu
.Enterobacter , Lactobacillus

 : Pickle softening -
,
Fusarium , Bacillus
Aspergillus , Mucor , Alternaria ,
. Cladosporium , Phoma , Penicillium

 :
:
: Zapetra spoilage a.
.Propionebacterium
: Softening b.
.Rhodotorula
: Sloughing- Cellulomonas
.flavigena

Spoilage of
canned food

.


.


.
3
:
- )
pH ( 4,6

,
thermophilic
. flat-sour group
Clostridium butyricum ,
. ( Clostridium pasteurianium
Clostridium

 - ) pH 3,7
:(4,6
: ) (
)( .
) (Bacillus cogaulans
.

 - ) pH :( 3,7
: ) ,( .


.


:
- mesophiles
-
. thermophiles


.

.

 :
: Flipper -
.
: Springier -

.
: Soft swell -
.
: Hard swell -
.

Torula, Rhodotorula,

Candida
.
Sliminess
.
Souring
Visceraltaint
.Streptococci

 Pseudomonas

.
Tetrazolium
.
:
.CO2


.


.

Pseudomonas , Moraxella , -:
.Acinobacter , Flavobacterium


Autolysis .
.


. Collagen
Tri
).methyl amine (TMA