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R.C.S

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J ap ,SOw f , GJ al qmifomG ;
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olrsK;d rsm;onf rdr.d vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G f pmrsufESm 14 odk@



























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13
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rsuf u|erf wd@k twGuf t"du yGKd ifh wckyifjzpf
ESm onf?



rdk;ESif;v_dif;

14



























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u|efawmf&J 0h rf;enf;r+jrifuiG ;f

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axmif=uzd@k usr wdu k w f eG ;f +yD; tqH;k



cJyh gonf?

owfvu kd yf gw,f?

16

ESif;arWm


























○ ○ ○ ○ ○





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remvdpk w d af wG rxm;&bl;? remvdpk w d f jroef;!dk


18

qdw k m ud, k &hf @J aumif;jrwfwhJ yifu, kd f



























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20

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&w,fv@kd xifygw,f? u|erf wd@k 'kQonf rSm zwfz;l ovdk vl}uD;awGqrD mS vnf;

26

xJuvlawG&@J b0awG[m qefuek f ajr wqifph um; =um;zl;ygw,f? Ak<bmom




























○ ○ ○ ○ ○





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aqmif+yD; rdom;pk0iftm;vH;k udk w&m; cspcf ifra_ wG/ av;pm;cspcf ifp&maumif;
em Oyk'foDv,l=uzdk@ bkef;awmf}uD; wJh vl,Oaus;awG&@J aexdik rf a_ wG usef
ausmif;udk oGm;=uygw,f? bke;f awmf aeygao;&J@vm;? &Syd gao;&J@vm;? ,do k l
}uD;ausmif;rSmvnf; uav;oli,frsm; r&Suf jrifo&l u S rf sm; jzpfuek =f u+yDvm;?
ESifh vl}uD;tenf;i,fr#om vm=uyg tJ'aD umif;aom ,Ofaus;r_awG wae
awmhw,f? 'g[m bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh &mrSmawmh useaf eOD;rSmygv@kd u|erf udk
jynfwiG ;f u jynfot l rsm;pk[m bmom ,H=k unfciG ðhf yyg? u|erf ,H=k unfcsiyf gao;
a&;rvdu k pf m;Edik =f uawmhb;l ? pD;yGm;a&; w,f? u|erf wd@k vlrsK;d twGuf odr;f xm;
ESio hf m eyef;vH;k ae=u&jcif;a=umifh jzpf csiyf gao;w,f?
ygw,f? ,ck jrefrmEdik if x H rJ mS qd&k if &if
aph/ &ifzHk; tuFsDeJ@ xbDawG0wfwm 'kQonfrmS aexdik w f hJ jrefrm
tvGefyJ &Sm;yg;vmygw,f? tJ'gawG jynfoal wG&@J b0[m i&Jcef;xJrmS i&JcH
tpm; [du k GJ onfuGJ eJ@ +yD;awmh tuFsD ae&ovdkygyJ? bmjzpfvdk@ajym&wmvJ
uvnf; [du k /f bd;k bGm;rsm;u olw@kd ajr; qdak wmh 'kQonfrmS ae&wJo h al wG[m
awGukd ‘igah jr; vScsiw f mvm;/ jycsiw f m ay;wmav;udyk J avmufatmifpm;ae
vm;’ vd@k ar;&wJh tjzpfuakd &mufaeyg &wJb h 0awGyg? pD;yGm;a&;vnf; vkypf m;
aygv h m;? rvHrk ðcHe@J 0wfxm;+yD; bke;f }uD; vdkr&? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfjyefawmhvnf;
ausmif; oGm;=uw,fav/ bke;f }uD;awG ykvif;0udk ajymif;zl;xd;k x!fo h vdyk gy?J
u r=u!fh&Jvdk@ rsufv$mt+rJcs&wJ@ tjyifxu G +f yD; pD;yGm;&Smjyefawmhvnf;
tjzpfukd a&mufaeyg+yD? a,musmF ;av; &Juzrf;? bmrS tqifrajyygb;l ? acsmif
pm
qd&k ifvnf; bmyHpk aH wGurdk eS ;f rodatmif av;wckrSm ydwf+yD;xm;awmh b,frS
rsuf
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vnf; twdwfwkef;ueJ@ wjcm;pDygyJ? Edik if tH wGi;f rSm&Swd hJ jynforl sm;xufpm
ud, k x hf uftouf}uD;aomolukd vnf; &ifawmh q,fyykH &kH if av;yHak vmufawmh 27
eif eJ@ ig/ cifAsm; eJ@ usKyf 'Dvkd ðyrlvm=u aeomygao;w,f? jynfwiG ;f rSm aexdik f
wJh jynfot l rsm;pk[m qif;&JErG ;f yg;=u aeyg+yD? 'gukd ,ae@ vli,fawG odapcsif
vd@k ynma&;udk tm;ray;Edik /f ausmif; ygonf? jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf vdktyfae
rxm;ay;Edik af vmufatmif 'kQa&muf wmu vky&f J udik &f J qH;k jzwf&w J hJ pdw"f mwf
ae=u+y;D / 'kQonfrmS &Sad ewJh jrefrmEdik if H &Sw
d hJ vli,fawGyg? 'DtwGuf óu;pm;yg?
om;rsm;&J@ om;orD;rsm;[m txuf 'Dvkd óu;pm;rS &xm;wJh tcGit hf a&;[m
wef;txd ynmudk tcrJh oif,=l u&yg tv[\rjzpfb;l ayg?h 'Dvrkd S róu;pm;
w,f? 'gayr,fh tvum;&wJh ynmudk &if u|erf wd@k [m ud, k w hf ikd ;f jynfrmS ud, k f
ausmif;olausmif;om; trsm;pk[m ae&zd@k a0;aeOD;rSmyJ? óu;pm;oif,l rSwf
tav;teufeJ@ pdwf0ifwpm; tywf om;jcif;ESifhtwl udk,fh,Ofaus;r_udk
wukwf óu;pm;=uolu enf;ygw,f? xdr;f odr;f Edik w
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,ck uGef¯ywmacwfrSm uGef¯ywmudk &rSm jzpfygw,f? twdww f ek ;f uvlawG
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w,f? olrsm;wkid ;f jynfrmS &Sw d hJ uav; bmjzpfv@kd vnf;qdak wmh ud, k uhf siohf Q
d m
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rdbtrsm;pk&@J uav;awGuawmh pmay wmESit hf r# vlawG[m [d&=d ow` qdk
udak umif;aumif; roif=um;=u&awmh wm od=uao;&J@vm;vd@k u|erf pOf;pm;
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uawmh aiG e J @ vd k u f trS w f a umif ; ,Ofaus;r_ xGe;f umcJ+h y;D vlrq _ ufqaH &;
aumif;awG,l/ ukefwdkuf}uD;awGrSm rSmvnf; tqift h wef; jrifrh m;cJ=h uwJh
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pm ajymcsiw f mu tvum;&aom ynm
rsuf udk &oavmufóu;pm;=uygv@kd wdu k w
f eG ;f
ESm csiyf gonf? u|erf wd@k wawG[m &vmwJh

tcGit hf a&;wckukd tusK;d &S&d dS toH;k csz@kd



wdkufwGef;yg&ap? u|efrwdk@ EdkifiHxJrSm


28

ynmwwfawG[m &mcdik Ef e_ ;f enf;vm



























○ ○ ○ ○ ○





vlrsK;d }uD;awGyg? ,ckacwfrmS awmh vlr_
qufqaH &;rSm tqift h wef; jrifrh m;=u
ao;&J@vm;? ,Ofaus;r_a&m useaf eyg
ao;&J@vm;? rodv@kd ar;yg&ap? u|erf &J@
tar;udk ajzzd@k tajzawmh &Sad e=uvdrhf
r,fv@kd u|erf ,H=k unfaeygw,f? ud, k &hf @J
,Ofaus;r_awGukd olwyg;,Ofaus;r_awG
eJ@ a&maESm+y;D tpm;xd;k r0ifa&muf vm ESihf ywfoufI a0
ygapeJ@vd@k vjy!f0h ef;}uD;udk wdik w f nfrd bef t}uHðycsufrsm; ay;ydk@
&if; vjy!fh0ef;}uD;eJ@twl u|efr&J@ rnfqykd gu æ
tawG;pdwrf sm;[mvnf; ae@opfrsm;&J@
tm±k%fOD;qDodk@ o,faqmifoGm;yg P.O Box 31
Maesariang P.O
awmhw,f? va&mifu, G af ysmufomG ;ay Maesariang 58110
r,fh tm±k%Of ;D rSm u|erf tawG;rsm;u Mae Hong Son Prov.
awmh tem*wf&@J taumif;qH;k ae@opf Thailand.
awGra&mufrD u|erf wd@k csw D uf&mvrf;
rSm yifyef;qif&rJ u _ kd ñuH&ygvrd rhf ,f? jref od@k ay;yd@k Edik yf gonf?
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rarhyge@J / Adv
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pum;awGukd rarhyge@J / awmfveS af &; pdwf ygonf?
"mwfukd rarhyge@J vd@k onfae&muae
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uJ æ rukeEf ikd af o;wJh ae@opf
pm
rsm;qDo@kd &J&ifah om ,ae@ vli,frsm; rsuf
csw
D uf=uygp@kd ? ESm
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29
usaemfeh mrnfu ‘El;!H’h yg?
usaemf[m i,fi,fuwnf;u oli,f
csi;f awG&@J tEdik , f rl /_ tEdik u
f sirhf u
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'Dawmh taru usaemfu h kd !Hw h ,fq+kd y;D
‘El;!H’h vd@k ac:cJyh gw,f? wu,f jyefpOf;
pm;&&if taru usaemfu h kd ‘i!H’h vd@k
ac:&rSm bma=umifh 'Demrnfuo kd ;kH +yD;
usaemfu h kd tjrwfwEdik ;f ,k,, k , eJ@
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awmh ausmif;wufw,f? xl;jcm;wmu wywfrmS oH;k av; }udrf xuf t±du k cf H
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uvnf; ac:qd=k uw,f? rd;k arSmifqw kd hJ 'Dvekd @J ausmif;wufae&if; ausmif;}uD;
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pm
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rsuf
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ESm

w,f? [kwyf gw,f/ bma=umifv h q J &kd if usaemf owdvpfomG ;w,f? owdjyef0if




ausmif ; rS m &S d w J h v l a wG u usaemf e J @ vmawmh usaemfh q&mru ayG@csx D m;


30

r=umc% &efjzpfw,f? usaemfe@J rqdik f


wmud k od v d k u f & w,f ? q&mr u



























○ ○ ○ ○ ○





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Edik if aH cgi;f aqmifjzpf+yD; &J&ifjh ywfom;wJh 31
R. C. S
"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;

Zlvikd f 7 &uf
ESpfywfvnf
tcrf;tem;

tmZmenfae@
(19 Zlvdkif)
tcrf;tem;

8 8 88
ESpfywfvnf
tcrf;tem;

pm
rsuf
ESm



u&ifhtmZmenf

32

ae@ tcrf;tem;


























○ ○ ○ ○ ○





"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;

jrefrmjynf
+idrf;csrf;a&; twGuf
qkawmif;yJG

pm
rsuf
ESm

33
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

34
ESm
rsuf
pm
tm;upm;
"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○



○ ○ ○ ○ ○





"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;

tm;upm;

pm
rsuf
ESm

35
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

36
ESm
rsuf
pm
tm;upm;
"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○



○ ○ ○ ○ ○





"mwfyHkrSwfwrf; tm;upm;

a&mifeOD ;D
vufa&G;pif
toif;

pm
rsuf
ESm

37
"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;
tm;upm;

a&mifeDOD; vufa&G;pif toif;

pm
rsuf
ESm




38























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