Chemical

Quantities

BELL WORK

Fill in the chart below.

Element

Silver

German
ium

# of

# of
Electrons Neutrons

# of
Protons

Atomic
#

Mass
#

47

61

47

47

108

32

41

32

32

73

How You Measure

We measure mass in grams.
We measure volume in liters.

We count pieces in MOLES.

Moles
Defined as the number of carbon
atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon12.
1 mole is 6.022 x 1023 particles.
Treat it like a very large dozen
6.022 x 1023 is called Avogadros
number.

Representative Particles
Representative particles are the
smallest pieces of a substance.
For a molecular compound it is a
molecule.
For an ionic compound it is a
formula unit.
For an element it is an atom.

Questions
1.

How many oxygen atoms are in

the following?
a) CaCO3
(3 oxygen atoms)
b) Al2(SO4)3
(12 oxygen atoms)

Questions
2.

How many total ions are in the

following?
a) CaCl2
(3)
b) NaF
c) Al2S3

(2)

(5)

Example Mole-Particle
Conversion
3a) How many ions of carbide (C4-) are
there in 1.23 moles of carbide?
1.23 moles C4-

6.022 x 1023
__
ions
ions
C4- C4__
1 mole C4-

(7.41 x 1023)

Question
3b) How many molecules of CO2 are in
4.56 moles of CO2?
4.56 moles CO2

6.022 x 1023
__
molecules
molecules
COCO
2
2
__
1 mole CO2

(2.75 x 1024)

Question
3c) How many atoms of iron are in
0.600 moles of iron?

0.600 moles Fe

10

6.022 x 1023
__
atoms
atoms
Fe Fe
__
1 mole Fe
(3.61 x 1023)

Example Mole-Particle
Conversion
3d) How many moles are in 7.78 x 10 24
formula units of MgCl2?
7.78 x 1024
f. units MgCl2

__
1 mole MgCl2
__
6.022
f. Units
x 1023
MgCl2
f. units MgCl2

11

(12.9)

Question
3e) How many moles of water are
5.87 x 1022 molecules of water?
5.87 x 1022
molecules H2O

__
1 mole H2O
__
6.022
molecules
x 1023 H2O
molecules H2O

12

(0.0975)

Question
3f) How many moles of aluminum are
1.2 x 1024 atoms of aluminum?
1.2 x 1024
atoms Al

__
1 mole Al
23
__
6.022
atoms
x 10Al
atoms Al

13

(2.0)

Question
4.

14

Calculate the number of particles (atoms,

ions, formula units or molecules) in each
of the following.
a) 3.4 moles Na2S (2.0 x 1024 formula units)
b) 0.0020 moles Zn

(1.2 x 1021 atoms)

c) 1.77 x 10-11 moles C

(1.07 x 1013 atoms)

d) 92.35 moles O2

(5.561 x 1025 molecules)

Question
5. Calculate the number of moles in each
of the following.
a) 3.4 x 1024 molecules HCl

15

(5.6 moles)

b) 8.7 x 1021 atoms Zn

(0.014 moles)

c) 1.77 x 1018 ions Al+3

(2.94 x 10-6 moles)

d) 2.66 x 1026 atoms Cu

(442 moles)

STOP HERE
DAY 1
16

Molar Mass
Molar mass is the generic term for
the mass of one mole.
It may also be referred to as gram
molecular mass, gram formula mass,
and gram atomic mass.
The unit is g/mol.

17

18

19

This
photograph
shows one
mole of
solid (NaCl),
liquid (H2O),
and
gas (N2).
20

Molar Mass and Elements

To determine the molar mass of an
element, find the elements symbol on
the periodic table and round the mass
so there is one digit beyond the
decimal.
The molar mass of carbon (C) is
12.0 g/mol, of chlorine (Cl) is 35.5 g/mol
and of iron (Fe) is 55.8 g/mol.

21

Question
6. Calculate the molar mass of the
each of the following elements.
a) sulfur (S)

(32.1 g/mol)

b) chromium (Cr)
c) bromine (Br)
22

(52.0 g/mol)
(79.9 g/mol)

Molar Mass and Compounds

To determine the molar mass of a
compound, find the mass of all
elements in the compound.
If necessary, multiply an elements
mass by the subscript appearing
beside that element in the
compounds formula (or product of
the subscripts).

23

Molar Mass and Compounds

Example

To determine the mass water (H2O),

find the mass of hydrogen and
oxygen using the periodic table.
Hydrogen: 1.0
Oxygen: 16.0

24

Molar Mass and Compounds

Example

25

Because there are 2 hydrogens in

water (H2O), multiply the mass of
hydrogen by two.
Hydrogen: 1.0 x 2 = 2.0
Oxygen: 16.0

Molar Mass and Compounds

Example

Add all numbers.

Hydrogen: 1.0 x 2 = 2.0
Oxygen: 16.0
18.0 g/mol

26

Question
7. Calculate the molar mass of each of
the following compounds.
a) Na2S
b) N2O4

(78.1 g/mol)
(92.0 g/mol)

c) C6H12O6
27

d) Ca(NO3)2

(180.0 g/mol)
(164.1 g/mol)

Interconverting Masses,
Moles, and Number of
Particles
Mass can be converted to moles or
particles by using t-tables (the
factor label method).

28

Example Mass-Mole
Conversion
8a) How many moles of magnesium
are in 56.3 g of Mg?
56.3 g Mg

29

__
1 mole Mg
__
24.3 g Mg
(2.32)

Question
8b) How many moles is 5.69 g of
NaOH?
5.69 g NaOH

30

__
1 mole NaOH
__
40.0 g NaOH
(0.142)

Question
8c) How many grams of sodium
chloride are in 3.45 moles of NaCl?
3.45 moles NaCl

58.5 g NaCl
__
__
1 mole NaCl
(202)

31

Questions
8d) How many moles is 4.8 g of CO2?
(0.11)
8e) How many grams is 9.87 moles of
H2O?
(178)
32

Example Mass-Particle
Conversion
9a) How many atoms of lithium are in
1.00 g of Li?
1.00 g Li

__ atoms
6.022
x 1023Li atoms Li
__
6.9 g Li

33

(8.73 x 1022)

Question
9b) How many formula units of sodium
oxide are in 42.0 g of Na2O?
6.022 x 1023
42.0 g Na2O formula
__ f. units
units
NaNa
2O 2O
__
62.0 g Na2O
(4.08 x 1023)
34

Question
9c) How much would 3.45 x 1022
atoms of uranium (U) weigh?
3.45 x 1022
atoms U

238.0 g U
__
__
atoms
6.022
x 10U23
atoms U

35

(13.6)

Questions
9d) How many molecules are in 6.8 g
of CH4?
(2.6 x 1023)
9e) How much does 49.0 molecules of
C6H12O6 weigh?
(1.46 x 10-20)
36

STOP HERE
DAY 2
37

Gases
Many

of the chemicals we deal with

are gases. They are difficult to
weigh, and we need to know how
many moles of gas we have.
Two things affect the volume of a
gas: temperature and pressure.

38

Standard Temperature and

Pressure
Standard temperature is 0 C, and
standard pressure is 1 atm.
Standard temperature and pressure is
abbreviated STP.
At STP 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L.
22.4 L is called the molar volume.

39

Standard Temperature and

Pressure
Avogadros Hypothesis

- At the same
temperature and pressure equal
volumes of gas have the same
number of particles.

40

Example Volume-Mole
Conversion
10a) What is the volume of 4.59 mole
of CO2 gas at STP?
4.59 moles CO2

__
22.4 L CO2
__
1 mole CO2

41

(103)

Question
10b) How many moles is 5.67 L of O2 at
STP?
5.67 L O2

42

__
1 mole O2
__
22.4 L O2
(0.253)

Example Volume-Mass
Conversion
10c) What is the volume of 8.8 g of CH 4
gas at STP?
8.8 g CH4

43

__
22.4 L CH4
__ g CH4
16.0
(12)

Question
10d) How many grams is 16.2 L of O2 at
STP?
16.2 L O2

44

__ g O2
32.0
__
22.4 L O2
(23.1)

Question
11. Calculate the number of liters in each
of the following.
a) 3.10 x 1024 molecules Cl2
b) 8.7 moles Ne

(190 L)

c) 2.77 x 1018 atoms He

45

d) 266 grams SO2

(115 L)

(1.03 x 10-4 L)

(93.0 L)

Mass
Moles

46

periodic
table

Moles

47

Mass

Volume

periodic
table

Moles

48

Mass

Volume

22.4 L

periodic
table

Moles

49

Mass

Volume

22.4 L

periodic
table

Moles

Representative
Particles
50

Mass

Volume

22.4 L

periodic
table

Moles
6.022 x 10

23

Representative
Particles
51

Mass

Volume

22.4 L

Periodic
table

Mass

Moles
6.022 x 1023
Representative
Particles
Molecules
52

Formula Units

Atoms

Ions