ate SNe SiNES TINNED) Denn Huinker and Janis L. Freckmann
Focusing Conversations to
Promote Teacher Thinking
Welcome to “Supporting Teacher Learning,” a new department in Teaching Children
Mathematics. The goal of this department is to serve as a resource for teacher edu-
cators in their day-to-day work with prospective and practicing teachers. We broadly
define “teacher educators” as college and university mathematics and mathematics
education instructors, professional development providers, mathematics specialists,
teacher leaders, and anyone involved in the professional education of other teachers.
This first article intends to engage teacher educators in thinking about the ques-
tions they pose to teachers to promote thinking, deeper discourse, and reflection
on practice. The authors compare two scenarios based on debriefing teachers
after classroom observations and then provide a modal for formulating well-struc-
tured questions. We hope that you enjoy this first edition of “Supporting Teacher
Learning.” Ed.
fon fractions to a class of fourth-grade stu-
dents in her ficd-experience practicum, The
instructor of her mathematics methods course
‘observed the lesson. As they met in the hallway to
debrief the teaching experience, the instructor
began by asking, “How do you think your lesson
went?” Tamara replied, “Great. 1 got through my
entire lesson plan.” Tamara’s comment and the
subsequent discussion revealed that she was
focused on her actions as the teacher but not on the
‘dynamics of instruction (Cohen and Ball 2001).
Similar conversations often have left us ponder-
ing our effectiveness as. professional support
providers, whether in the role of a mathematics
teacher educator or a mentor, teacher leader, oF
T= a preservice teacher, taught « lesson
DeAnna Huinker huinkereuwm edu is» faculty member athe University of Wisconsin Mi
waukee. She i engaged in the preparation of new tachors and the development of athe:
‘mates teacher leaders Janis Freckmann, feckmi@milvautee KY2 us, 9 eocher and pro-
fessional support provider fr Mibwautoo Publ: Schaole. She interested inthe development
‘of teachers coaching and eaderehip stl for mathematics
Edited by Dann Huinker, huikor@uwrn ede, University of Wieconsin—Mibvavkee, Mi
\waukee, W 52211. Reeders are encouraged to send manuscripts appropiate fr this section
{0 “Supporting Teacher Learning.” Teaching Chiran Mathematics 1806 Ascacicion Or,
Peston, VA 20101 1602.
352
staff developer. What questions should we be ask-
ing preservice teachers, novice teachers, and! more
experienced teachers so they think more deeply
about these interactions? How ean we frame these
‘conversations asa time to think together? How can
Wwe support preservice and novice teachers in
beginning a lifelong inquiry into their own mathe-
‘matical teaching practices? How can we support
experienced teachers as they shift toward reform-
oriented practices in mathematics?
‘The instructional triangle in figure 1 presents
instruction as interactions among teachers, stu-
dents, and mathematics (adapted from Cohen
and Ball 1999 and National Research Council
2001). In our conversations with both preservi
teachers and in-service teachers, focusing on
hhow teachers and students attend, listen, and
respond to one another while interacting with the
‘mathematics is important. The purpose of this
article is tw engage professional support
providers in thinking about the questions they
ask that promote teacher thinking, deeper dis-
‘course, and reflection on practice. We begin with
two scenarios based on debriefing classroom
observations and then present a structure for for
‘mulating questions.
‘Teaching Children Mathomatice March 2004
‘att hbo caped Wr tbned eon oy ae a we an he AN1: Debriefing a
Lesson on Comparing
Fractions
Alice, a preservice teacher, was working in a thind-
grade classroom for “her field-experienee
practicum, One of the authors had an opportunity
to observe Alice teaching a lesson on comparing
fractions using paper strins. Alice engaged stu-
dents in small-group work and then closed the
tesson with a large-group discussion. The follow-
ing debriefing conversation with Alice took place
after she finished teaching the lesson,
Professor. Hi, Alice. Tt seems like your lesson
‘on comparing fractions went pretty well. How do
you think the lesson went?
Alice, Preity good. The kids liked working
with the fraction strips. I had never used them
before.
Professor. The students really got into the
class discussion, Morgan was showing everyone
hhow she knew 3/8 was smaller than 3/6, I saw her
lining the fraction strips up as she was explaining
her thinking to Mark. Do you think Mark under-
stood?
Alice. Mark has trouble with fractions, He still
doesn’t get it. He couldn't even fold the strips or
‘mark them correctly.
Teaching Children Mathematics / March 2004
Instruction as interactions among teachers, students, and mathematics
Mathematios
Contont and Tasks
A\
‘Student Engagement