/* Stop and Wait Protocol ( Flow Control ) */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<bios.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define COM1 0
#define SETTINGS 0x82
#define DTR 0x100
void main()
{
int ch,status,i=0,true=1;
char msg[100],ack,rec;
clrscr();
bioscom(0,SETTINGS,COM1);
printf("\n 1.Transmit\n 2.Receive");
printf("\n\n Enter the operation code : ");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1 : printf("\n Enter the Message \n ");
scanf("%s",&msg);
while(msg[i]!='\0')
{
bioscom(1,msg[i],COM1);
printf("\n%c",msg[i]);
do
{
while(1)
{
status=bioscom(3,0,COM1);
if(status & DTR)
{
ack=bioscom(2,0,COM1) & 0x7F;
if(ack=='0')
{
bioscom(1,msg[i],COM1);
printf("\n%c - retransmitted ",msg[i]);
}
break;
}
}
}while(ack!='1');
i++;
}
break;
case 2 : printf("\n Receiver \t Press Escape to quit\n\n");
do

{
status=bioscom(3,0,COM1);
if(status & DTR)
{
rec=bioscom(2,0,COM1);
printf("\n%c -- Enter ACK(1 for +ve, 0 for -ve) :",rec);
ack=getche();
bioscom(1,ack,COM1);
}
if(kbhit())
if(getch()=='\x1b')
true=0;
}while(true);
break;
default : printf("\n Invalid Selection");
}
}

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char sender[50],receiver[50];
int i,winsize;
clrscr();
printf("\n ENTER THE WINDOWS SIZE : ");
scanf("%d",&winsize);
printf("\n SENDER WINDOW IS EXPANDED TO STORE MESSAGE OR WINDOW
\n");
printf("\n ENTER THE DATA TO BE SENT: ");
fflush(stdin);
gets(sender);
for(i=0;i<winsize;i++)
receiver[i]=sender[i];
receiver[i]=NULL;
printf("\n MESSAGE SEND BY THE SENDER:\n");
puts(sender);
printf("\n WINDOW SIZE OF RECEIVER IS EXPANDED\n");
printf("\n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FROM RECEIVER \n");
for(i=0;i<winsize;i++);
printf("\n ACK:%d",i);
printf("\n MESSAGE RECEIVED BY RECEIVER IS : ");
puts(receiver);
printf("\n WINDOW SIZE OF RECEIVER IS SHRINKED \n");
getch();
}
Output
OUTPUT:
ENTER THE WINDOWS SIZE : 10
SENDER WINDOW IS EXPANDED TO STORE MESSAGE OR WINDOW
ENTER THE DATA TO BE SENT: ForgetCode.com
MESSAGE SEND BY THE SENDER:
ForgetCode.com
WINDOW SIZE OF RECEIVER IS EXPANDED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FROM RECEIVER
ACK:5
MESSAGE RECEIVED BY RECEIVER IS : ForgetCode

WINDOW SIZE OF RECEIVER IS SHRINKED

Write a code simulating ARP /RARP protocols.
arpserver.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
int shmid,a,i;
char *ptr,*shmptr;
shmid=shmget(3000,10,IPC_CREAT|0666);
shmptr=shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
ptr=shmptr;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
puts("Enter the name:");
scanf("%s",ptr);
a=strlen(ptr);
printf("String length:%d",a);
ptr[a]=' ';
puts("Enter ip:");
ptr=ptr+a+1;
scanf("%s",ptr);
ptr[a]='\n';
ptr=ptr+a+1;
}
ptr[strlen(ptr)]='\0';
printf("\nARP table at serverside is=\n%s",shmptr);
shmdt(shmptr);
}
arpclient.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
main()
{
int shmid,a;
char *ptr,*shmptr;
char ptr2[51],ip[12],mac[26];

shmid=shmget(3000,10,0666);
shmptr=shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
puts("The ARPtable is:");
printf("%s",shmptr);
printf("\n1.ARP\n2.RARP\n3.EXIT\n");
scanf("%d",&a);
switch(a)
{
case 1:
puts("Enter ip address:");
scanf("%s",ip);
ptr=strstr(shmptr,ip);
ptr-=8;
sscanf(ptr,"%s%*s",ptr2);
printf("mac addr is:%s",ptr2);
break;
case 2:
puts("Enter mac addr");
scanf("%s",mac);
ptr=strstr(shmptr,mac);
sscanf(ptr,"%*s%s",ptr2);
printf("%s",ptr2);
break;
case 3:
exit(1);
}
}

Echo client-server
/*
* echoclient.c - A simple connection-based client
* usage: echoclient <host> <port>
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define BUFSIZE 1024
/*
* error - wrapper for perror
*/
void error(char *msg) {
perror(msg);
exit(0);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int sockfd, portno, n;
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
struct hostent *server;
char *hostname;
char buf[BUFSIZE];
/* check command line arguments */
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr,"usage: %s <hostname> <port>\n", argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
hostname = argv[1];
portno = atoi(argv[2]);
/* socket: create the socket */
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
error("ERROR opening socket");
/* gethostbyname: get the server's DNS entry */

server = gethostbyname(hostname);
if (server == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no such host as %s\n", hostname);
exit(0);
}
/* build the server's Internet address */
bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
bcopy((char *)server->h_addr,
(char *)&serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr, server->h_length);
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(portno);
/* connect: create a connection with the server */
if (connect(sockfd, &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
error("ERROR connecting");
/* get message line from the user */
printf("Please enter msg: ");
bzero(buf, BUFSIZE);
fgets(buf, BUFSIZE, stdin);
/* write: send the message line to the server */
n = write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
if (n < 0)
error("ERROR writing to socket");
/* read: print the server's reply */
bzero(buf, BUFSIZE);
n = read(sockfd, buf, BUFSIZE);
if (n < 0)
error("ERROR reading from socket");
printf("Echo from server: %s", buf);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}

/*
* echoserver.c - A simple connection-based echo server
* usage: echoserver <port>
*/
#include <stdio.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define BUFSIZE 1024
#if 0
/*
* Structs exported from netinet/in.h (for easy reference)
*/
/* Internet address */
struct in_addr {
unsigned int s_addr;
};
/* Internet style socket address */
struct sockaddr_in {
unsigned short int sin_family; /* Address family */
unsigned short int sin_port; /* Port number */
struct in_addr sin_addr;
/* IP address */
unsigned char sin_zero[...]; /* Pad to size of 'struct sockaddr' */
};
/*
* Struct exported from netdb.h
*/
/* Domain name service (DNS) host entry */
struct hostent {
char *h_name;
/* official name of host */
char **h_aliases; /* alias list */
int h_addrtype; /* host address type */
int h_length;
/* length of address */
char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses */
}
#endif
/*
* error - wrapper for perror
*/

void error(char *msg) {

perror(msg);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int listenfd; /* listening socket */
int connfd; /* connection socket */
int portno; /* port to listen on */
int clientlen; /* byte size of client's address */
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr; /* server's addr */
struct sockaddr_in clientaddr; /* client addr */
struct hostent *hostp; /* client host info */
char buf[BUFSIZE]; /* message buffer */
char *hostaddrp; /* dotted decimal host addr string */
int optval; /* flag value for setsockopt */
int n; /* message byte size */
/* check command line args */
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
portno = atoi(argv[1]);
/* socket: create a socket */
listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (listenfd < 0)
error("ERROR opening socket");
/* setsockopt: Handy debugging trick that lets
* us rerun the server immediately after we kill it;
* otherwise we have to wait about 20 secs.
* Eliminates "ERROR on binding: Address already in use" error.
*/
optval = 1;
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
(const void *)&optval , sizeof(int));
/* build the server's internet address */
bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* we are using the Internet */
serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* accept reqs to any IP addr */
serveraddr.sin_port = htons((unsigned short)portno); /* port to listen on */
/* bind: associate the listening socket with a port */

if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serveraddr,

sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
error("ERROR on binding");
/* listen: make it a listening socket ready to accept connection requests */
if (listen(listenfd, 5) < 0) /* allow 5 requests to queue up */
error("ERROR on listen");
/* main loop: wait for a connection request, echo input line,
then close connection. */
clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
while (1) {
/* accept: wait for a connection request */
connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &clientaddr, &clientlen);
if (connfd < 0)
error("ERROR on accept");
/* gethostbyaddr: determine who sent the message */
hostp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr,
sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
if (hostp == NULL)
error("ERROR on gethostbyaddr");
hostaddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
if (hostaddrp == NULL)
error("ERROR on inet_ntoa\n");
printf("server established connection with %s (%s)\n",
hostp->h_name, hostaddrp);
/* read: read input string from the client */
bzero(buf, BUFSIZE);
n = read(connfd, buf, BUFSIZE);
if (n < 0)
error("ERROR reading from socket");
printf("server received %d bytes: %s", n, buf);
/* write: echo the input string back to the client */
n = write(connfd, buf, strlen(buf));
if (n < 0)
error("ERROR writing to socket");
close(connfd);
}
}