Glossary »> absolute value the distance a number or expression is from zero on a number line acute angle ant angle that measures less than 90° acute triangle a triangle with every angle that measures less than 90° adjacent angles two angles that have the same vertex, share one side, and do not overlap angle two rays connected by a vertex are a curved section of a circle area the number of square units inside a shape associative property of addition. when adding three or more addends, the grouping of the addends does not affect the sum, associative property of multiplication wh not affect the produet. average the quantity found by adding all the numbers ina set and dividing the sum by the number of addends; also known as the mean multiplying thre or more factors, the grouping of the factors does base a number used as a repeated factor in an exponential expression. In 5”, 5 is the base. binomial a polynomial with two unlike terms, such as 2x+ 4y bisect divide into two equal parts central angle an angle formed by an arc in a circle chord a line segment that goes through a circle, with its endpoints on the circle circumference the distance around a circle coefficient a number placed next to a variable combination the arrangement of a group of items in which the order doesn’t matter common factors the factors shared by two or more numbers common multiples. multiples shared by two or more numbers commutative property of addition when using addition, the order of the addends does not affect theGLOSSARY commutative property of multiplication. when using multiplication, the order of the factors does not affect the product. complementary angles two angles whose sum is 90° composite number a number that has more than two factors congruent identical in shape and size; the geometric symbol for congruent to is = coordinate plane a grid divided into four quadrants by both a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis coordinate points points located on a coordinate plane cross product a product of the numerator of one fraction and the denominator of a second fraction denominator the bottom number in a fraction. 7 is the denominator of +, diagonal a line segment between two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon diameter a chord that passes through the center of a citcle—the longest line you can draw in a circle. The term is used not only for this line segment, but also for its length difference the result of subtracting one number from another distributive property when multiplying a sum (ora difference) by a third number, you can multiply each of the first two numbers by the third number and then add (or subtract) the products. dividend a number that is divided by another number divisor a number that is divided into another number domain all the x values of a function equation a mathematical statement that contains an equal sign equiangular polygon a polygon with all angles of equal measure equidistant the same distance ‘equilateral triangle a triangle with three equal sides and three equal angles even number a number that can be divided evenly by the number 2 (resulting in a whole number) exponent a number that tells you how many times a number, the base, isa factor in the product. In exponent. exterior angle an angle on the outer sides of two lines cut by a transversal; or, an angle outside a triangle factor a number that is multiplied to find a product function a relationship in which one value depends upon another value geometric sequence a sequence that has a constant ratio between terms greatest common factor the largest of all the common factors of two or more numbers hypotenuse the longest leg of aright triangle. The hypotenuse isalways opposite the right angle in a right triangle. improper fraction a fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator. A fraction greater than or equal to 1 integers positive or negative whole numbers and the number zer0 angle an angle on the inner sides of two Tines cut by a tansversal intersection the clements that two (or more) sets have in common irrational numbers numbers that cannot be expressed as terminating or repeating decimals isosceles triangle a triangle with two equal sides least common denominator (LCD) the smallest number divisible by two or more denominators least common multiple (LCM) the smallest of all the common multiples of two or more numbers like terms. two or more terms that contain the exact same variablesGLOSSARY Tine a straight path that continues infinitely in two directions. The geometric notation fora line through points Aand Bis AB, ine segment the part of a line between (and including) two points. The geometric notation for the line segment joining points A and B is AB. ‘The notation AB is used both to refer to the segment itself and to its length major arc an arc greater than or equal to 180° matrix a rectangular array of numbers ‘mean the quantity found by adding all the numbers in a set and dividing the sum by the number of addends; also known as the average median the middle number in a set of numbers arranged from least to greatest midpoint the point at the exact middle of a line segment minor are an arc less than or equal to 180" mode the number that occurs most frequently in a set of numbers monomial a polynomial with one term, such as 50 multiple a number that can be obtained by multiplying a number x by a whole number negative number a number less than zero numerator the top number in a fraction. 3 is the numerator of 3. obtuse angle an angle that measures greater than 90° obtuse triangle a triangle with an angle that measures greater than 90° odd number a number that cannot be divided evenly by the number 2 order of operations the specific order to follow when calculating multiple operations: parentheses, exponents, multiply/divide, add/subtract ordered pair 2 location of a point on the coordinate plane in the form of (x,y). The x represents the location of the point on the horizontal x-axis, and the y represents the location of the point on the vertical y-axis. origin coordinate point (0,0): the point on a coordinate plane at which the x-axis and y-axis intersect parallel lines two lines ina plane that do not intersect parallelogram a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides, percent ratio that compares a number to 100. 45% is equal to ,', perfect square a whole number whose square root is also a whole number perimeter the distance around a figure permutation the arrangement of a group of items in a specific order perpendicular lines lines that intersect to form right angles polygon a closed figure with three or more sides polynomial a monomial or the sum or difference of two or more monomials positive number a number greater than zero Y prime number a number that has only 1 and itself as factors probability the likelihood that a specific event will occur product the result of multiplying two or more factors, We factorization the process of breaking down factors into prime numbers proper fraction a fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator. A fraction less than 1 Proportion an equality of two ratios in the form § — § emGLOSSARY Pythagorean theorem the formula a? + b= ©, where a and b represent the lengths of the legs and c represents the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle Pythagorean triple set of three whole numbers that satisfies the Pythagorean theorem, a? +b? =€, such as 3:4:5 and 5:12:13 quadratic equation an equation in the form ax” + bx + ¢= 0, where a, b, and care numbers and a#0 quadratic trinomial an expression that contains an 2° term as well as an xterm quadrilateral a four-sided polygon quotient the result of dividing two or more numbers radical the symbol used to signify a root operation; V~ radicand the number inside ofa radical radius a line segment inside a circle with one point on the radius and the other point at the center on the circle. The radius is half the diameter. This term can also be used to refer to the length of such a line segment. The plural of radius is radii range all the solutions to fix) in a function ratio a comparison of two quantities measured in the same units, rational numbers all numbers that can be written as fractions, terminating decimals, and repeating decimals ray half ofa line, A ray has one endpoint and continues infin cly in one direction. The geometric notation for a ray with endpoint A and passing through point is AB. reciprocals two numbers whose product is L. jis the reciprocal of $ rectangle a parallelogram with four right angles regular polygon a polygon with all equal sides rhombus a parallelogram with four equa right angle an angle that measures exactly 90° right triangle a triangle with an angle that measures exactly 90° scalene triangle a triangle with no equal sides sector a slice of a circle formed by two radii and an are set a collection of certain numbers similar polygons two or more polygons with equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides in proportion. simplify to combine like terms and reduce an equation to its most basic form slope the steepness ofa line, as determined by yin sags OF ona coordinate plane where (x,y,) and (yy) are two points on that line solid a three-dimensional figure square a parallelogram with four equal sides and four right angles square of a number the product of a number and itself, such as 6%, which is 6 x 6 square root one of two equal factors whose product is the square, such as V7 sum the result of adding one number to another supplementary angles two angles whose sum is 180° surface area the sum of the areas of the faces of a solid tangent a Tine that touches a curve (such asa circle) ata single point without cutting across the curve. A tangent line that touches a circle at point P is perpendicular to the circle’s radius drawn to point P. transversal a line that intersects two or more linesGLOSSARY trinomial_a polynomial with three unlike terms, such as y? + 82—2 union the combination of the elements of two or more sets variable a letter that represents an unknown number vertex a point at which two lines, rays, or line segments connect vertical angles two opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines volume the number of cubic units inside a three-dimensional figure whole numbers the counting numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, zero-product rule if the product of two or more factors is 0, then at least one of the factors is 0.