كتاب التصميم التعليمي للوسائط المتعددة الطبعة الثانية أد نبيل جاد عزمي

.
:.
: / /
2001 / 13050 :
977 5822 43 - 2 :

2011

3
....................................
......................
...................................
13
47
57
.............................................
57
...........................................
107
"" ........................
134
..................................
145
...........................
.................................

............................
......
.........................
..................
88
123
145
148
168
169
170
..................................
174
..................
184
...............
177
...........................
188
207
.........
.............................
....................................
199
209
219
...................................
228
............................
233
....................................
237
246
......
13
.................
Multimedia

" "Multimedia
"
"
1978
" " Nicolas Negroponte
.

.
8

" " D.Johnson 1991
" " M.E.Hodges 1993

.
"
" T.Vaughan 1994
"
" T.J.Smedinghoff 1994

" " 1995

"
" Interactive Multimedia IMM " T.C.Reeves
" 1992
9
"
" E.L.Vockell 1992

:
"

".

" "Analog Systems ""Digital Systems

" " N.Cox 1995

10
" " J.F.Koegel Buford 1994

:

).
.
.
.
:
Vaughans Law of Multimedia Minimums
"

11
".
Scanner

" ".
12

:
:

.
13
" "2001
14
Preplanning

Aims
( )
.
.
15
Needs Assessment
.
.

.

/ Procedural / Behavioral Objectives
( )
( )
.
.
16
.
.
.
.

.

.

17
.
.

15 .
.
.

18
.MIDI
.
.
MIDI
:
...
: ...

Content

19
:

:

" "Menus

)
.
Pre requisites

:
20
.
/ closing

.
Pre Evaluation

21
) " "Power
).
Scenario Designing

:
Concepts map

22
23

....
MIDI

MIDI

24

15

-16)
(-16 -16 -16
16

.
: (
)
:
25
: ( )
( )
).
).
26
Screen Design
27
:
:

18 ")"Bold

:

( 16 Underline
) Italic
28
.
: (
)

29
: (
( )
30
:
( )
.
( )
( 1 2 3 .) 4
31
: .
: .
: ( )

: .
32
):
:
:

.
:
(:
).
:

33

34
: .
35

-
-

36

Interaction Setting
37
Branching Points
.
Feedback Presentation
" "Verification
"Elaboration"

38
Response Types

.
Formative Evaluation

.
Final Formula
39
Fine Tuning
:
Authoring System Selection
Available Multimedia Collecting
Required Hardware

""Scanner
( )
40
Required Multimedia Producing

" "Folder

.
Primary Designing
41
""Digital Camera
Primary Experimental
Final Tuning
Final Production

42
Files Size

" "Libraries

""Compact Disc CD
.
Documentation
(
)
:
: )2.0

:
Authorware Professional Ver.5 :
43
Printed Instructions

( )480640

.
Required Software

" Stand
"Alone

( )Quick Time

.
Distribution

44
45

Multimedia Production Team

"
"Microsoft :
Project Manager
Multimedia Designer
46

.
(
) Writer
Video Specialist
" "Quick Time

47
Multimedia Programmer
Multimedia
Accessories
48
Audio Specialist
Graphics Editing Software
( )

49
).

.
( )

.
( ).
CAD

50
( ).
( ) .

" "Scanners .

:

.
.

" "RAM
( ).
51
Image Editing Software
(
).

OCR Software

52
" "OCR
" "ASCII " "Scanners

" "OCR

""ASCII
" "OCR %99
300 " "300 dpi 150
53
Sound Editing Software
" "Beep
" "Windows

Animation, Video and Digital Movies

54
55

: Text

6000 :

.

.
56
(
)
.

High Level
Language ( BASIC
PRINT LET INPUT
)........

.
57

Menus Help
Navigation

( :
)

58

Buttons
.
" " " " " "
" " "" " "

Textual Response
Password
( Capital )Small
Capital
59
The Power of Meaning
Feedback
" "

" " " "
" "

" "
Interaction
Choice
Multiple

60
.Case insensitive
Capital Case Sensitive
" " " "
" : " " "

Constructed
Pointer
Mouse .

( )
Authoring Systems
Authorware Professional
Response
Textual
:
:Ignore Capitalization

Capital Small .
:Ignore All Spaces

61
Buttons
Response
Ignore All Spaces
" "red ,yellow and blue " "redyellowandblue

() .
:Ignore Extra Punctuation

" "New York, U.S.A
" "New York U.S.A

"
.
" New York. USA "! "New York, USA
.
:Ignore Extra Words

" " Yes It's Red
" "Red
Red .
:Ignore Word Order

62
" "red yellow and blue
:Faculty
:Readability
.
" "W.Harton

20 30
%
" "
% 22
% 25
50
% 39 % 25
.
63
"
"1987 J.Gold
)
(
( ) .
64
220 209
AkhbarArabic
SimplifiedArabic
Traditional
:Size
0.0138
72/1 72

Capital
g y
12
14 .18

:Style Italic
Bold Underline .
:

65
:Font Times New Roman Arial
Small letter
( x o ) r Mean line
( x o ) r
( p ) y
Font size
IDxhp
Mean line
Base line

Height
( ) p
( ) h
( ) I
.
66

.
:
:

67
) :
"
".

250
" " Scanner

" "Origin Line
:
Word Processing
68
).
Readability
.
"

"1998

18 14
.

.

69
Printers Screens

12 14
24.

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
14

14
Bold
70
High Resolution
.
Mackintosh
Windows Courier

Windows
.Mackintosh
Serif Versus Sans Serif
Serif Fonts

:
EEEEEEEEEE

71
( )

Choosing Text Fonts

72
.
:

( ).
( : )

18
16 14
.
:

73
" " e-mail

74
18
" " Bold

.
:
(
)
)

75
.
" " Centered "
" Justification
.
:

" "Graphics Programs

76
.
:

)
( )
77
" Scrolling
( )
- - .
:
(
)

78
"
Text in Multimedia
(
)

Pushbutton )Keypress
Screen
)Touch
.
:
79
: .
:
: .
: .
:
80
)
:
81
Designing with Text
Text editing Programs

82
Hypermedia & Hypertext

Interactive Multimedia
H.T.
.

Computer Search

83
Multimedia
100
30
Font
( Multimedia AND
)Font 5 .

Fonts
Font
Multimedia AND (Font OR Fonts):

" "HyperCard
CD-
ROM 100.000

84
( .)AND, OR, NOT, BOTH
Boolean Searches
:Categorical
Relationship

:Word
:Adjacency
Color
:Alternates
:Association
Fonts
" " OR
"" AND
:Negation
" " NOT

:Truncation
"" "" " "

85
86
:Intermediate Words
"" .
Graphics & Images
87
First Step
( )
Plan your Approach

88
Authoring Systems
(
Bitmaps
)Oriented Objects
Graphics Programs

Graphics Programs
89
Organize your Tools
: Bitmap
.Oriented Objects
Bitmap
Oriented Objects

Patterns

Resolution Video Card
Formats

90

Graphic Artist
..
Bitmaps

1-bit bitmap
Monochrome
( )
monitor
CGA Colored
4-bit bitmap 16
EGA Colored monitor
8-bit bitmap 256
16 VGA Colored monitor

16-bit bitmap 65536
24 SVGA Colored monitor

91
Layout Designer
24-bit bitmap 16.777216 .
= ( )2 .
= ( ) 2 ( ) 24
= 242222
= 16777216 .
224
28
24
21
8- bit bitmap
256 colors
24- bit bitmap

16.7 Millions of colors
4- bit bitmap
16 colors
1- bit bitmap
2 colors
Paint Program

92
Print
Screen )

.
Photo
Artwork Image
Printed
Scanner
Scan Filters

Watercolors Pastels
Crayons
Clipart
93
Clipboard Paste
Digital Clipart
Family
Industry Computer
Brightness Contrast
Color Depth Lightning

Image File Format

Save As

BMP, GIF, PIC, TIF : .

94
.BMP, DIB, PCX, TIF :
3-D drawing

(
)

"
"1999 :

.
95

96
""Drawings
""Flowcharts ""Plans
(
)

97
( )

.
98
" "

99
.

.

" "Resolution
""Scanner
.
" "Scanning

(

).
Colors
100

( ).
Natural Light & Color

Quantum Theory
" "Max Planck

" "Niels Bohr
"
Quanta "Photons
.
101
Remote
Control
Diodes Sensors

Computerized Color
(
)Primary Colors
102
( )

"."Red, Green, Blue RGB
" "Palette
:
:
103
( )
.
: :
EGA, VGA, SVGA
CGA,

104
: % 9
% 2

105
: Sound
The Power of Sound

" "dB /
"."Hz
Acoustics
1000 / 20 (
).
106

( )

:Multimedia System Sounds

( )

.
Droplet, Indigo, Quack, :
....... Simple Beep .

3.x, 95, 98, 2000 :
........ Tada, Ding, Chord, Chimes

107
( )
)Control Panel ( )Sound Dialog Box

.
Sound Card

.

" "Win 95
MIDI Versus Digital Audio

108
).
" "MIDI " "

"."Numeric Form

" "MIDI
(
) MIDI
.
MIDI Digital Audio

Audio Samples

MIDI

.
""MIDI
109
" "Musical Instrument Digital Interface
RAM
.
MIDI
.
""MIDI

MIDI
.
""Digital Audio

MIDI Digital Audio

MIDI :

110
MIDI
Hard Disk .CPU
).
:
"."MIDI
.

Samples
bits & bytes Sampling Rate
111
8 16

" "Analog
.
:Stereo Recordings

112
22.05 11.025 ( / )
44.1 :
Mono Recordings
)

.

( )

( ) :
) )
)8 / : 1 )2
8 10 :
= 220500= 1)88(1022050
22.05
44.1
16 10 :
= 1764000= 2)816(1044100
:Editing Digital Recordings

113
Dead Air

.Cut, Clear, Erase, Silence :

:
Cut, Copy,
.Paste

114
16

gradually

115
8 8
(
Background Music
Special Sound Effects

Spoken Dialog
Digital Audio
MIDI
.
116
Synchronous (
).....

" "Continue

" :

117
( )
."
8/1

......
.
Counter

Folder

SND100 SND101

" : " "
"

118
Compression Techniques
).

.
Copyright Ownership

.
119

.
( )
""Decoding
""Help
120
:

.
.
121
"."Advisement
( )
" "Echo

" "MIDI

(
)
"."Digital Audio

( .)
122
: Animation
" "Vectors " "Coordinates

(
)

""Wipes ""Dissolve
""Zooms
.

"
"Persistence of Vision

123
30
24 .

"
Walt
"Disney
( 24 / )
1440 .
Cel Animation

" "Cel
"( "Key Frames
)Action
" "First Key Frame

""Last Key Frame

.

" "Tweening

124
.
Computer Animation

( )

" "Tweening

""Painting " "Filling

125

...

...

.
126
:)2000
"Chip
"Memory
""Mother Board
.

" "Pulsing
127
" "Hourglass
" "Wipes

" "Dissolve

" "Fade In / Out

.

.

.

.
128
" "Simulation

.

:

.
129
" "Virtual Reality
.
(
)
(

130
.
14.5 /

"."Smooth

131
132

.

( )
.

( )
( )

( )

133
: ) Video

:
"."Frames & Frame rate
"."Resolution
"."Color Depth

""Frames
" "Film 24 / .
(
)
"( "NTSC
) 30 / " & PAL
( "SECAM ) 25 / .
134

( 480640)
640 480 .

"."RGB
256

( 16.7 = 256256256 )
"."True Color
32

( 32768 = 323232 )
"."High Color

135
""Pixels
30 .
" "Compact Disc CD 86

" "Real Time
Video Compression
:

.
(
)
"."Real Time
COmpression / DECompression

" "CODECs " MPEG
"CODEC .

136
240352.
150
.1 : 49.5

.
.

Motivation

137
Demonstration

""Close up

Learning through Video

(
).

( )
138
( ) (
( ).
" "Corrective Feedback

139
120160
" "Pixel 42 4.5
(
) .

") "Interactive Courseware ( ICW
:

""Long Shots ""Medium Shots
" "Close up
" "Zoom-in

140
( )

" "First-Person
).

)
141
120 160 ( ).
( )
142
(
).
4
.
" "Filters
.
143
Media Integration
:

:

" "Simultaneously

" "Pause

.

144

" "Musical Background
"."Foreground

" "Synchronous

145
( )

.

( )
146
Interaction with Media

" "1998 "
""Integration ""Interaction

".

Authoring
Languages Authoring Systems

147
""Multiple Choice
:
: .

Event

Interaction

Pushbutton Response

.Instructional Tasks

Response Types
148
"Exit" " "
" "
Hot Spot or Click / Touch Response

149
Pushbutton Response
Hot Object Response

Target Area Response

150
" "Matching
"Drag & Drop
.
Pull-down Menu Response

" "
( )
151
"
8 10

" "Not Matching

Text Entry

( )Field
152
Conditional Response
1 2 3
Tries Limit Response

Time Limit Response

153
Keypress Response
User Interface
"

"

154
" "Screens " "Frames

:Simplicity

.
:Blank Spaces

.
:Balance
" "Symmetric

" "Unity

.
155
" "1999
:Centering

:Familiarity

156
:Figuring

.
:Multiple Windows

.
:Multiple Frames
.
157
:Functional Categories

.
:

.
:

( )

158

.
:
:
.
:

.
:

159
Menus for Interaction

.
" "Menus
.

" "Click-to-Act
" "Save
.

" "File
160
" "Open ""Ctrl

" "O

.
:
:

"
"
" " ""
" " " "
" "
.
:

161

" "

( )
162
( )

.
:
" "Perpetual Menus

""Active

" Active /
"Inactive
" "Dim

( )
" "
163
Buttons for Interaction

" "Buttons
" "Predesigned Buttons
164
" "

.
:

165

""

.
:

166
Learning Control Styles in Multimedia

Programs
: ""Learner Control
""Program Control " Learner Control with
."Advisement

.

167
:Program Control

:Learner Control with Advisement

Dimension
:Sensory
.
:Processing Dimension
.
168
:Learner Control
:Learning Control Dimension

)Locus Of Control (LOC

" "
"

"1987

"
"C.L.Lopez 1989
.

.
" " "1993 " (
)

169
( )
( )
" "External Locus of Control

"
"Internal Locus of Control
" " "1995 " (

)

:Internalizers

:Externalizers
.

"
"
170
" "

" "K.Saul 1995

171

" "N.Eduljee 1996
"
External
Drill & Practice

" "A.C.Folson 1996

"
" Tutorial "
" Drill & Practice

172
Tutorial
Simulation
Modeling
Locus
of
Control
Interactive Knowledge
Based Systems

Information Seeking

Internal

)(CAL

"K.N.Harris 1996
.
"Modeling ( ) (
).

) Learning Control
Strategies

173
" "Simulation "

.
" "L.B.Burwell 1991
.
" "M.P.Arnone 1994
" "No Learner Control

" "High Learner Control

.

174
" "M.P.Arnone 1992
" "Learner Control
.
) Zone ( 2
Learner Control with
Advisement
( ) 2

) Zone ( 3
High Learner
Control
( ) 3

) Zone ( 1
No Learner
Control
( ) 1

The Learner Control Continuum
Moderate
Uncertainty
High
Uncertainty

Efficiency
or
Performance
Low
Uncertainty
Activation

175
"Advisement
"
with
Control
Learner
( ) 1
( ) 2

( ) 3

- -

176
Adaptive Control

"."Achievement Level

"."On-Task Mastery Criterion
"."Loss Ratio

.

Linear Control Vs. Designer Control Vs. Learner Control
" " M.J.Hannafin 1987 :

:
"
"
177
( )

178
.
:
.

Absolute Control
" "G.Isaacs 1990
) .

(
179
" "S.M.Ross 1988
Full LC & Partial LC

Learner Control Vs. Adaptive Control Vs. Program Control
" " S.Hooper 1993 :

:

.
:
.
:
.
Access
180
Free Access Vs. Limited
" "E.C.Shin 1994
" "Hypertext
" "Network Structure
" Structure
"Hierarchical
Full Control Vs. Lean Control

" "C.Carrier 1985 " "

181
" "
:Full Minus

Learner Control
" "1995
:

.
.
182
:Lean Plus
" "S.Hicken 1992

- - .
Advisement & Learning Control

183
" 1985
"Learner Advisement

"C.Carrier "
" "S.M.Ross 1989 " "

.
" "Tennyson & Rothen 1979

")"Minnesota Adaptive Instructional System (MAIS

184
-
" - "M.B.Kinzie 1988
(
)
"
Adaptive
"Advisement
.
"
"W.D.Milheim 1990
")"Computer Based Interactive Video (CBIV
:
.

.
185
" "J.H.Briggs 1993
" "Hypertext

" "E.C.Shin 1994

" "Navigation

.
186
"Advisor Strategies :
" "J.Chung 1992 "
:
.

.
.
.
" "E.C.Shin 1994
- -
" "W.D.Milheim 1990

187
-

.
" " W.D.Milheim 1990

Information Processing
" "Gagne 1985

" "Laurillard 1984

.
188
Motivation Theory
""

" "

Attribution Theory

( )

189
" "Keller 1983
" "Weiner & Kukla

.
" "S.M.Ross 1989

" "Happy Medium
- -
.
" "Hannafin 1984
:
.
.

.

190
" "J.Chung 1992
:
.
.

.
To Guide Learners to
make Suitable Control Decisions

Outcomes
Learning
Systems
Learning
Objectives
) ( Domains
LC Strategies /
Methods
/
Conditions
Learner Characteristics
Instructional Conditions

191
:Learning Objectives or Domains

.
:Learning / Instructional Systems

" "Traditional CAI "
CAI
Programs
"Intelligent "
"Multimedia

Instructional Outcomes

:Effectiveness " "Accuracy "

Rate
"Error " "Speed " Performance
192
:Learner Characteristics
"Efficiency " "The Degree of Transfer

" ."The Duration of Knowledge Retention
:Appeal of Instruction
.

Instructional Methods
" " B.J.McNeil 1990

193
:Learning Efficiency
"
.
/ :

( )
194
" 1990
M.B.Kinzie
.
" "D.Goforth 1994
" "Control Model

:
.
.
.
.
195
) :(Announced Decision A
.
) :(Transparent Decision T
.
) :(Opaque Decision O
.
) (P ( A ( T ( O

) (OOTT
( " "O
" "O
" "T
" "T
).
196
) :(Private Decision P .
" " :
) (PPAT
( " "P
""T
.

" "D.Goforth 1994

( )

197
" "A

" "P
"
"P.D.Gillis 1993

"T.C.Reeves 1993
"

:
:
( )
198
)(CBI
" "M.D.Williams 1993
" "Kinzie 1988
" "Gray 1987

"Ross 1989
"
( )
" "Tennyson 1980

199
"
"Gay 1986

" "Kinzie 1989
" "Burwell 1991

" "Temiyakarn 1993

" "1995
" ."El Gamal 1996
:
"
"Carrier 1985
"
"1989
200
Kinzie
"
Kinzie
" "Pridemore 1991

" "Hicken 1992
- -
" "Morrison 1992

" "Simsek 1993
"
Shin
"1994

" "1995
" ."El Gamal 1996

:
( )
201
"1990
" "M.J.Lee 1990
" "S.S.Lee 1991

" "S.Hooper 1993 " "K.H.Hansen 1993

" "E.C.Shin 1994

202
( )
( )
.
:
)Field Independence ( )Field Dependence

" "J.T.Chyou 1988" "V.M.Dias 1996

" "1995
" "Y.S.El Gamal 1996 " "C.L.Friend 1990

203
" "Y.Cho 1995
" "L.B.Burwell 1991
" "J.King 1993
- " C.Carrier
"1985

.
" "M.P.Arnone 1992

204
( )

) (CAI

.
: ) (Self-Regulated Learning

(Self-Regulated Learning Strategy
)SRLS .
)(LC
) (SRLS
).(LC
Bandura's Social Cognitive

"
205
"Theory 1986

""CBI Under LC

" "Williams 1993
) (SRLS
) (SRLS .

206
" "M.B.Kinzie 1988

" "S.M.Ross 1989

" "C.L.Lopez 1989

:
. "
"C.L.Friend 1990
" "S.S.Lee 1991
" "J.Chung 1992

"
"S.Hooper 1993
" "R.D.Hannafin 1995

:
207
( )
"
"G.Gay 1986

" :
Return "

.
" "J.Chung 1992
":"Self Pacing
208
)(CAI
(
).
.

.
" "J.C.Belland 1985
5 6
( 300 ).
7 ( )
5
13
209
"1990 .

"" " "Continue

" " Mouse

.
210
"
Milheim
" "J.C.Belland 1985
:
" "
.

211
5 6 ( 6
).
7 .
:

1985

212
7 (
1 ).
14 18
5 .
5 .
5 .
7 () .
( )
( )
5
.

(
)

12
213
" "2001 :
17 .
30
20
)
.
)
.
( ).

214
1 .
23
""

215
""
23
" ".
"
"
20 .
216
30 ) 30
" :

" .
:

.
217
( )

.
" "G.Isaacs 1990
.
" "C.L.Friend 1990

218
) (CAI ( )
"
"COBOL
" "R.E.English 1996 "
"Simplifying Conditions Methods SCM :

" "J.Chung 1992

219
""Main Frame
( )

(
) (
220
" "M.J.Hannafin 1987
" "W.D.Milheim 1990

" "E.C.Shin 1994

" "J.D.Young 1996

" "W.D.Milheim 1990
" "J.D.Young 1996

221
" "
:
.
.
.
.
" " :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
( )
222
" " " "
" "

.
" "
" "
" "
" "
223
" " :
" "
" "

... " " .

)
.

( )

.)
224
"
" " "

225
"
:

.
" "

... " " .
226
"

.

" Minimal
"Programs
" "Comprehensive Programs

" "Hicken 1992 "

"Lean Plus

"
227
) (CAI
"Full Minus
.
%11
.
" "T.L.Phillips 1988
:Elaborate Practice

.
:Limited Practice

.
:No Practice

228
%89
" "C.L.Lopez 1990
(%66 %75 )
(%15 %13
).

" "G.R.Morrison 1992

" "S.M.Ross 1989 " "C.L.Lopez 1989

" "S.Hicken 1992 "
"E.T.Freitag 1995
" "R.D.Hannafin 1995 " "S.M.Crooks 1996
" :
" " "

"" ""
" "
229
" :

230
" "
" ""

" " ""

" :
"
" " ""

231
" : "

.
:

.
" "J.T.Chyou 1988

" "O.C.Park 1992
" "1993 " "Chyou
.

:

:Verification
232
:Elaboration
.
" "O.C.Park 1992
" "D.R.Pridemore 1992
:

233
" "J.T.Chyou 1988
" "Learner Controlled Feedback
" Program Controlled
"Feedback
.

" "M.B.Kinzie 1989 " "J.T.Chyou 1988

" "D.R.Pridemore 1993
" "M.D.Williams 1993

234
"
" " " ""

" " "" .

235
" "
""
"
" " ""

"
"
"
" "
""
( ) .

236
" "2000

:
:
.
.

:
:

237
"
( )
(

.
238
36
30
( 7
15
30
15
30 .

239
(
)
( )

240
( 29.80
)29.27
( 26.47 28.20 .)28.07

"

".

241

29.80
19
36
26.47
16
30
28.20
19
30
28.07
23
30
29.27
23
34

20.87
13
29
18.07
8
25
16.93
9
21
17.60
13
22
19.40
9
28
( 20.87 )19.40
(18.07
"

".

242
16.93 )17.60
27.47 ( ) 30
16.27 ( )
(% 58.2 )
0.532 )0.01
(
)
26.47 30
18.07 ( )
( % 67.6 )
243
244

"
.1998
" .
4 .1993
:
1991.62
:
8 .1995
" :
"
57-56 .2000
:
.1996
" :
"
10-9 .1987
" :
" .
.1995
:
245
" :
" :
.2001
" : -
" :
".
. .
.1995 .
" :
" :
5 3
170 - 165 .1995
:
840 .1993
" : "
: () "
"
123 .1995
" : " :

8
" :
1998 .5

246
9 .1995
"
265 .1995
"
.1999
" :
"

.2000
" :
"
.2000
: .1988
" : "

24 .1994
:

18-17 .1994
Ampron, Sueann: "New Vision of Reality, Multimedia and
Education", In: Interactive Multimedia for Developers,

Educators & Information Providers, Microsoft Press, A
division of Microsoft Corporation, PP.1-13, 1988
Arnone, Marilyn P. & Grabowski, Barbara L.: "Effects on
Children's Achievement and Curiosity of Variations in Learner
Control over an Interactive Video Lesson, In: Educational
247
"
" :
Technology for Research & Development, Vol.40, no.1,

PP.15-27, 1992
Arnone, Marilyn P. & Others: "Curiosity as a Personality
Variable Influencing Learning in a Learner Controlled Lesson
with and without Advisement, In: Educational Technology for
Research & Development, Vol.42, no.1, PP.5-20, 1994
Belland, John C. & Others: "Is the Self - Paced Instructional
Program, Via Microcomputer Based Instruction, The Most
Effective Method of Addressing Individual Learning
Differences?", In: Educational Communication and Training
Journal, Vol.33, no.3, PP.185-198, fall 1985
Bergstrom, Scott: The use of Digital Video in Computer based
training: (bergstro@aero.und.nodak. edu,) 5 April 1995
Briggs, Jonathan H. & Others: "Using Rules to Guide Learners
through Hypertext", In: Computer Education, Vol.20, no.1,
PP.105-110, 1993
Buford Koegel, John F.: Multimedia Systems, ACM Press, A
Division of the Association for Computing Matching Inc.,
NEW YORK, U.S.A, P.222, 1994
Bunzel, Mark J. & Others: Multimedia Applications
Development, Using Indeo, Video and DVI Technology,
Second Edition, Mc Graw - Hill Inc., PP.3-4, 1994
Burwell, Lawrence B: "The Interaction of Learning Styles with
Learner Control Treatments in an Interactive Videodisc
Lesson", In: Educational Technology, Vol.31, no.3, PP.37-42,
March 1991
Carrier, Carol & Others: "The Selection of Instructional Options
in a Computer Based Coordinate Concept Lesson", In:
Educational Communication and Training Journal, Vol.33,
no.3, PP.199-212, fall 1985
Cates, Ward Mitchell: "Fifteen Principles for Designing more
Effective Instructional Hypermedia / Multimedia Products", In:
Educational Technology, Vol.32, no.12, PP.5-10, 1992
Chung, Jaesam & Reigeluth, Charles M.: "Instructional
Prescriptions for Learner Control", In: Educational
Technology, Vol.32, no.10, PP.14-20, 1992
Chyou, Jiin Tian: "The Effects on Achievement of Learner and
248
Program Controlled Feedback and Field Orientation in

Computer - Assisted Instruction", A Dissertation Submitted
to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia for Degree
Doctor of Education, Athens, GEORGIA, 1988.
Cox, Nancy: LAN Times Guide to Multimedia Networking,
Osborne Mc Graw - Hill, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A, PP. 5 - 6,
1995
Crable, Elaine A. & Others: "The Impact of Cognitive Appraisal,
Locus of Control, and Level of Exposure on the Computer
Anxiety of Novice Computer Users", In: Journal of
Educational Computing Research, Vol.10, no.4, PP.329-340,
1994
Eduljee, Nina: "Locus of Control and Computer Efficacy as
Predictors of Students attitudes towards Computers", In:
Dissertation Abstract International, Vol.56, no.9, P.3507,
March 1996
English, Robert E. & Reigeluth, Charles M.: "Formative
Research on Sequencing Instruction with the Elaboration
Theory", In: Educational Technology for Research &
Development, Vol.44, no.1, PP.23-42, 1996
Eraut, Michael: The International Encyclopedia of Educational
Technology, Pergamon Press LTD, U.K, PP. 154 - 156, 1989
Finnegan, Kip: "Designing a Multimedia Authoring System,
Keeping an Eye on the Bottom Line", In: Tech Trends, Journal
of Association for Educational Communications &
Technology, Vol.39, no.6, PP.33 -35, Nov. - Dec. 1994
Folson, Alfred C.: "The Contribution of Locus of Control to the
Effect of Mentoring Tactics in Computer - Based Instruction on
College Students' achievement", In: Dissertation Abstract
International, Vol.56, no. 12, P. 4734, June 1996
Foti, Sebastian Louis: "The Effects of Proactive Digital Video
Guide Assistance, Locus of Control, and Computer Experience
on Success in a Computerized Problem - Solving Activity", In:
May 1996
Freitag, Eric T. & Sullivan, Howard J.: "Matching Learner
249
Preference to Amount of Instruction, An Alternative Form of

Learner Control", In: Educational Technology for Research
& Development, Vol.43, no.2, PP.5-14, 1995
Friend, Cynthia L. & Others: "Learner Control in Computer Based Instruction, A Current Literature Review", In:
Educational Technology, Vol.30, no.11, PP.47-49, 1990
Galbreath, Jeremy: "Multimedia in Education, Because it's there?
In: Tech Trends' Journal of Association for Educational
Communications & Technology, Vol.39, no.6, PP.17-20, Nov.
-Dec. 1994
Gayeski, Diane M.: "Multimedia For Learning, Development,
Application, Evaluation", In: Educational Technology for
Gillis, Philip D.: "ICACT, An Instruction and Control Architecture
for Classroom Training", In: Educational Technology, Vol.33,
no.6, PP.41-45, 1993
Goforth, Dave: "Learner Control = Decision Making +
Information, A Model and Meta analysis", In: Journal of

Educational Computing Research, Vol.11, no.1, PP.1-26,
1994
Hannafin, Michael J.: "The Effects of Variations in Lesson
Control and Practice on Learning from Interactive Video", In:
no.4, PP.203 - 212, winter 1987
Hannafin, Robert D. & Sullivan, Howard J.: "Learner Control in
Full and Lean CAI Programs", In: Educational Technology
for Research & Development, Vol.43, no.1, PP.19-30, 1995
Harris, Kenneth Neil: "A Study of Control Theory Effect on
Attitudes, Anxiety, Computer Knowledge, and Locus of
Control of Adult Vocational Learners in Kansas", In:
January 1996
Hicken, Samuel & Others: "Learner Control Modes and Incentive
250
Variations in Computer - Delivered Instruction", In:

Educational Technology for Research & Development,
Vol.40, no.4, PP.15-26, 1992
Hodges, Matthew E. & Others: Multimedia Computing, Case
Studies from MIT Project Athena, Addison - Wesley
Publishing Company, U.S.A, P.39, 1993
Hooper, Kristina: "Multimedia in Education", In: Interactive
Multimedia, Visions of Multimedia for Developers,
Educators & Information Providers, Microsoft Press, A
Division of Microsoft Corp., PP.315-329, 1988
Hooper, Simon & Others: "The Effects of Cooperative Learning
and Learner Control on High - and Average - Ability Students",
In: Educational Technology for Research & Development,
Vol.41, no.2, PP.5-18, 1993
Issacs, G.: "Text Screen Design for Computer-Assisted Learning",
In: British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol.18, no.1,
PP.41-51, January 1987
Issacs, G.: "Course and Tutorial CAL Lesson Design, Helping
Students Take Control of their Learning", In: Educational and
Training Technology International, Journal of AETT,
Vol.27, no.1, PP.85-91, Feb. 1990
Johnson, Dave: The Desktop Studio, Multimedia with the
Amiga, Ward - Ware Publishing Inc., U.S.A, P.4, 1991
Kalmback, John A.: "Just in Time for the 21st Century,
Multimedia in the Classroom" In: Tech Trends, Journal of
Association for Educational Communications & Technology,
Vol.39, no.6, PP.29-32, Nov.-Dec. 1994
King, John & King, Rhonda: "A Study of the Transference of
Decision-Making
Skills
to
a
Computer-Simulated
Environment", In: Educational Technology, Vol.33, no.5,
PP.55-62, 1993
Kinzie, Mable B. & Others: "Learner Control and Achievement
in Science Computer Assisted Instruction", In: Journal of
Educational Psychology, Vol.80, no.3, PP.299-303, 1988
Kinzie, Mable B.: "Requirements and Benefits of Effective
251
Interactive Instruction: Learner Control, Self Regulation, and

Continuing Motivation", In: Educational Technology for
La, Follette & James, J.: "Interactivity and Multimedia
Instruction; Crucial Attributes for Design and Instruction", In:
Proceedings of Selected Research and Development
Presentation at the Convention of the Association for
Educational Communications and Technology, Sponsored
by the Research and Theory Division ( 15th, New Orleans,
Louisiana, January 13-17,1993), LOUISIANA, U.S.A, ERIC
DOCUMENT 362179, 1993
Lee, Seong Soo & Lee, Y.H.K.: "Effects of Learner-Control
Versus Program-Control Strategies on Computer-Aided
Learning of Chemistry Problems, For Acquisition or Review?"
In: Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.83, no.4, PP.
491-498, 1991
Lo, Raulie & Others: "Developing a database of Authoring
System Software", In: Educational Technology for Research
& Development, Vol.40, no.2, PP.69-76, 1992
Lopez, Cecilia L. & Harper, Maria: "The Relationship Between
Learner Control of CAI and Locus of Control Among Hispanic
Students", In: Educational Technology for Research &
Lopez, Cecilia L.& Others:"Locus of Control and Learner Control
of CAI", Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the
American Educational Research Association, (Boston, MA,
April 16-20, 1990), U.S.A, ERIC DOCUMENT 320565, 1990
Malhotra, Yogesh & Others: "Interactive Educational
Multimedia, Coping with the Need for Increasing Data
Storage", In: Educational Technology, Vol.34, no.4, PP.3841, April 1994
Mc Neil, Barbara J. & Nelson, Karyn R.: "Meta-Analysis of
Interaction Video Instruction", In: 10 Years Review of
Achievement Effects, IDAHO, U.S.A, 1990
Milheim, William D.: "The Effects of Pacing and Sequence
Control in an Interactive Video Lesson", In: Educational and
252
Training Technology International, Journal of AETT,

Vol.27, no.1, PP.7-19, Feb.1990
Miller, Rockley L. & Others: "Multimedia and Related
Technologies, A Glossary of Terms Information Services",
A Division of Future Systems Inc., FALLS CHURCH, VA,
U.S.A, P.16, 1991
Montgomery, John: Troubleshooting your Multimedia PC,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, U.S.A, PP.16-17, 1995
Moore, David M. & Dwyer, Francis M.: Visual Literacy, A
spectrum of Visual Learning, Educational Technology
Publications Inc. , U.S.A, 1994
Park, Inwoo & Hannafin, Michael J.: "Empirically Based
Guidelines for the Design of Interactive Multimedia", In:
Vol.41, no.3, PP.63-85, 1993
Park, OK. Choon & Gittleman, Stuart S.: "Selective Use of
Animation and Feedback in Computer-Based Instruction", In:
Vol.40, no.4, PP.27-38, 1992
Phillips, Timothy L. & Others: "The Effects of Practice and
Orienting Activities on Learning from Interactive Video", In:
no.1, PP.93-102, summer 1988
Pridemore, Doris R. & Klein, James D.: "Control of Feedback in
Computer-Assisted Instruction", In: Educational Technology
for Research & Development, Vol.39, no.4, PP.27-32, 1991
Pridemore, Doris R. & Klein, James D.: "Effects of Learner
Control over Feedback in Computer Based Instruction", In:
Proceedings of Selected Research and Development
Presentations at the Convention of the Association for
Educational Communications and Technology, Sponsored
by the Research and Theory Division, IOWA, U.S.A, ERIC
DOCUMENT 348016, 1992
Putt, Lan & Others: "Teachers' thinking Elicited from Interactive
Multimedia Professional Development Courseware", In:
253
Vol.44, no.4, PP.7-22, 1996

Reeves, Thomas C.: "Evaluating Interactive Multimedia", In:
Educational Technology, Vol.32, no.5, PP.47-52, May 1992
Reeves, Thomas C.: "Pseudoscience in Instructional Technology,
The Case of Learner Control Research", In: Proceedings of
Selected Research and Development Presentations at the
Convention of the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology, Sponsored by the
Research and Theory Division (15th, New Orleans, Louisiana,
January 13-17, 1993), LOUISIANA, U.S.A, ERIC
DOCUMENT 362196, 1993
Roselli, Teresa: "Control of User Disorientation in Hypertext
Systems", In: Educational Technology, Vol.31, no.12, PP.4246, December 1991
Ross, Steven M. & Morrison, Gray R.: "In Search of a happy
Medium in Instructional Technology Research; Issues
Concerning External Validity, Media Replications, and Learner
Control", In: Educational Technology for Research &
Ross, Steven M. & Others: "Obtaining More Out of Less Text in
CBI; Effects of Varied Text Density Levels as a function of
Learner Characteristics and Control Strategy", In: Educational
Communication and Training Journal, Vol.36, no.3, PP.131142, fall 1988
Ross, Steven M. & Others: "Uses and Effects of Learner Control
of Context and Instructional Support in Computer - Based
Instruction", In: Educational Technology for Research &
Saul, Kassin: Psychology, Houghton Mifflin Company, U.S.A, PP.
201-202,1995
Schwier, A. & Others: "Interactive Multimedia Instruction", In:
Vol.41, no.3, PP.111-116, 1993
Shin, Christine E. & Others: "Effects of Learner Control;
Advisement, and Prior Knowledge on Young Students
254
Learning in a Hypertext Environment", In: Educational

Technology for Research & Development, Vol.42, no.1,
PP.33-46, 1994
Smedinghoff, Thomas J.: The Software Publishers Association;
Legal Guide to Multimedia, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, U.S.A, P.4, 1994
Sweeters, William: "Multimedia Electronic Tools For Learning'",
In: Educational Technology, Vol.34, no.5, PP.47-52, MayJune 1994
Talab, Rosemary: "Copyright and Multimedia, Definitions and
Usage Issues in K-12, In: Tech Trends, Journal of Association
for Educational Communications & Technology, Vol.39, no.6,
PP.9-12, Nov.-Dec. 1994
Thibodeau, Pete: "Design Standards for Visual elements and
Interactivity for Courseware, In: Technological Horizons in
Education Journal: ( http://www.thejournal.com/past/feb/
0297feat3.html), 2.97
Underwood, Jean D.M. & others: Computers and Learning,
Helping Children Acquire Thinking Skills, Blackwell
Publishers, OXFORD, U.K, P. 12, 1994
Vaughan, Tay: Multimedia; Making it work, 2nd Edition,
Osborne Mc Graw-Hill, California, U.S.A, P.4, 1994
Vived Studios: Careers in Multimedia, Ziff-Davis Press,
Emeryville, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A, P.41, 1995
Vockell, Edward L. & Schwartz, Eileen M.: The Computer in
the Classroom, Mc Graw-Hill, 2nd Edition, New York, U.S.A,
P.355, 1992
Weber, Warren C.: "An interactive Systems Model Derived from
Experts Perceptions of Human-Computer Issues", In:
Vol.40, no.1, PP.29-39, 1992
Williams, Jane & Others: Digital Video for Multimedia,
Considerations
for
capture,
use
and
delivery,
( http://www.ets.bris.ac.uk, ) 2 Dec. 1996
Williams, Michael D.: "A comprehensive Review of Learner
255
Control; The Role of Learner Characteristics", In: Proceedings

of Selected Research and Development Presentations at the
Convention of the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology, Sponsored by the
Research
and
Theory
Division
th
(...15 ,...New Orleans, Louisiana, January13-17, 1993),
LOUISIANA, U.S.A, ERIC DOCUMENT 362211, 1993
Woodrow, Janice E.J.: "Locus of Control and Computer Attitudes
as Determinants of the Computer Literacy of Student
Teachers", In: Computers Education, Vol.16, no.3, PP.237245, 1991
Yoon, Gwan Sik: "The Effects of Instructional Control Cognitive
Style; and Prior Knowledge on Learning of Computer-Assisted
Instruction", In: Journal of Educational Technology Systems,
Vol.22, no.4, PP.357-370, 1994
Young, James D.: "The Effect of Self-Regulated Learning
Strategies on Performance in Learner Controlled ComputerBased Instruction", In: Educational Technology for Research
& Development, Vol. 44, no.2, PP.17-27, 1996
256

كتاب التصميم التعليمي للوسائط المتعددة الطبعة الثانية أد نبيل جاد عزمي

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

كتاب التصميم التعليمي للوسائط المتعددة الطبعة الثانية أد نبيل جاد عزمي

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

.

" " Nicolas Negroponte

" " M.E.Hodges 1993

" T.Vaughan 1994

" T.J.Smedinghoff 1994

" " 1995

" E.L.Vockell 1992

" "Analog Systems ""Digital Systems

" " N.Cox 1995

" " J.F.Koegel Buford 1994

/ Procedural / Behavioral Objectives

(-16 -16 -16

Available Multimedia Collecting

Required Multimedia Producing

" "Quick Time

Graphics Editing Software

Image Editing Software

" "ASCII " "Scanners

" "OCR %99

300 " "300 dpi 150

Sound Editing Software

Animation, Video and Digital Movies

PRINT LET INPUT

The Power of Meaning

Capital Case Sensitive

" " " "

" : " " "

Ignore All Spaces

" "red ,yellow and blue " "redyellowandblue

" "New York U.S.A

" " Yes It's Red

" "red yellow and blue

:Font Times New Roman Arial

Serif Versus Sans Serif

Choosing Text Fonts

" " e-mail

" " Bold

Designing with Text

Text editing Programs

Hypermedia & Hypertext

Multimedia AND (Font OR Fonts):

( .)AND, OR, NOT, BOTH

" " NOT

"" "" " "

Graphics & Images

Plan your Approach

Organize your Tools

EGA Colored monitor

8-bit bitmap 256

16 VGA Colored monitor

24 SVGA Colored monitor

24-bit bitmap 16.777216 .

24- bit bitmap

Color Depth Lightning

Image File Format

.BMP, DIB, PCX, TIF :

Natural Light & Color

" "Max Planck

EGA, VGA, SVGA

The Power of Sound

Droplet, Indigo, Quack, :

....... Simple Beep .

)Control Panel ( )Sound Dialog Box

MIDI Versus Digital Audio