IB i

Blood Type Testing Lab: Mon and

Lilly 11-4
Introduction:
The purpose of this lab is to determine whether A, B, O or AB is Mons blood type
by observing at the coagulation after we drop the antigen down to the plate. Therefore, we
can predict the genotype of Mons, her mothers and her fathers blood.
According to Mendel's theory, he proposed that every genes contain two alleles
which represent the dominant and recessive. It can be clearly classified if it likes the pea
plants in Mendels experiment. But its different in the real world because one gene can
have more than two allelic trait. Therefore, it forms the segregation of population among
the life. The example of multiple allelic can be ABO blood type. Our blood has three allele
which are IA or called A, IB or called B and i or called O. However, human only allow to
have 2 alleles per gene at once but due to the variety of allele, there are totally six of blood
genotype that could happen among the entire population.
Blood functioned as the essential fluid which helps our body transport and
exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. Blood also helps human get rid of
ammonia and wasted substances. On the red blood cells, there are antigen lies on the
surface of it and antibody that was contained in our serum. Therefore, these two interacts
together as the immune system for our bodies. For instance, a person who has A blood
type would have Antigen-A and Antibody-B in their serum like this table below.
Blood Type

Antigen-A

Antigen-B

Antibody-A

Antibody-B

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

AB

Yes

Yes

No

No

According to the table, a person who has antigen-A wouldnt have antibody-A
because if their blood contain antibody-A, their antigen-A would react and start to
destruction of their blood. Therefore, it will form the coagulation and clogged your own
blood vessels.
To determine a persons blood type, we puncture that person for a drop of blood.
Then, drop down the antibody-A,-B and -AB. Wait for the result and see whether it form the
coagulation or not because if that person has B as his/her blood type after dropped down
the antibody-B, that person should recognize the change because his/her blood contains
antigen-B. Therefore, after dropped antibody-B, the coagulation should form. But if a
person has their blood type as O, it wouldnt perform any coagulation for us to observe
because blood type O doesnt contain any antigen so theres nothing to reacts with.

Materials:
-

2 Microscope slide
Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-AB
Markers
Lancets

- Lancet Device
- Ethanol
- Cotton Ball
- 3 Toothpicks

Method:
1. Draw a side-by-side circle (1 cm. diameter) on the slide

2. Labeled each circle as control, anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB

3. Wait for blood puncture
4. Drop one drop of blood in each circle.
5. Leave the control circle alone. DO NOT out any antigen into it.
6. Drop a single drop of antibody-A in the circle marked as anti-A
7. Drop a single drop of antibody-B in the circle marked as anti-B
8. Drop a single drop of antibody-AB in the circle marked as anti-AB
9. Mix the blood and the antibody thoroughly by toothpick (USE THE
DIFFERENT TOOTHPICK FOR EACH ONE )
10. Wait for 10 seconds, then note down the result.

Result:

The Coagulation of Blood after drop the Antigen

State
Control

-.

Anti-A

No Coagulation

Anti-B

Completely Coagulation

Anti-AB

Slightly Coagulation

- After we mixed Mons blood with antibody that we dropped into, the
coagulation has formed in the circle that marked as Anti-B. Therefore, it indicates
that Mon has her blood type as B since there are some antigen-B in her blood
which reacts to antibody-B and later form coagulation. And on another plate, there
is also a slight reaction occur to the circle marked as anti-AB because these plate
we had dropped antibody-AB down which react with some part of antigen-B in
Mons blood but it doesnt completely coagulation in this case because in antibody-

AB, theres also antibody-A that didnt react with antigen-B. So it left us the red color
of blood in the plate unlike the Anti-B circle.

Discussion:
1.State the blood type of mum and dad and explain the different scenarios of allele
inheritance that led to blood type
Mons dad blood type is O , Mons mom blood group is B and Mon blood type is B.
Genotype of Bs blood type has 2 different pair of alleles, first is I B IB and second is IB i but
Os blood type has only 1 pair of allele is ii. First, scenarios of B and O,I B IB and ii, will get
all genotype of IB i which means the baby will have 100% of blood type of B in phenotype .
Second, same scenarios of B and O but different in Bs genotype, I Biand ii, the result is
baby will have 50% of IBi and 50% of ii. This mean baby can has 50% of B blood type and
50% of O blood type.IB
Similarly, Lillys dad blood type is O, Lillys mom blood type is B and Lilly blood type
is B. Hence, Lillys scenarios will as same as Mons scenarios. Finally, we think that we got
moms blood type in first scenarios which allele of B is I BIB because Mons sister and
brother are B blood type and Lillys sister is also B blood type. Thus, this show that all of
offsprings are B and the only way to get 100% of B blood type is moms genotype is I BIB.

2. Why blood coagulates with some antibodies but not with other antibodies
Antibody is a protein that found in the plasma which a body produce to against
antibody. In blood type, it has different antibodies in each group. For example, A blood type
have antigen A and antibody B and B blood type have antigen B and antibody A because
the transfused blood must have the same antigens. Furthermore, if we transfused the
blood in different antigen from your red blood then blood become coagulates. For
example, A blood type is mixed with the antibody A then blood will coagulated by antibody
A will attack the antigen A. This is similar in B blood type. In addition, AB blood type
contain both antigens,antigen A and B.
This blood type dont need any antibody
because the antibody will attack the red
blood cells and become coagulated. On the
other hand, O blood type is not as same
as other blood types because this blood type
dont have any antigen and this means
O can give to any antibody.

Lilly : Dad= O blood type, Mom= B

First scenarios

blood type
Second scenarios