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Asthma Mortality Rates for the US,

African Americans and Non-Hispanic


Whites
NURS 520
Epidemiology
Stella Mbah
Honorine Mumah
Coppin Earlene
State Tate
University
Helen Fuld School of Nursing
April 6, 2014

OVERVIEW OF ASTHMA

Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways, intermittent


airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsivness that
may cause:
Wheezing
Breathlessness
Chest tightness
Nighttime or early morning coughing

OVERVIEW
Triggers and Treatments

Genetic characteristics
Occupational
exposures
Environmental
exposures
Allergens

Genetic characteristics
Occupational exposures

Burden
Asthma imposes a growing burden on society in terms of
morbidity, quality of life, and healthcare cost.
It is a serious health and economic concern in the United
States:

Asthma costs the United States $56 billion each year.


The average yearly cost of care for a child with asthma was $1.039 in 2009.

In 2008, asthma caused:

10.5 million missed days of school


14.2 million missed days of work

Mortality
Each day 9 Americans die from an asthma related condition.
There are more than 3,000 deaths due to asthma each year, many of which can be

avoidable with the proper treatment and care.


Since 1980, asthma death rates overall has increased more than 50% among all genders,

age groups and ethnic groups.


African Americans are three times more likely to die from asthma than any other ethnic

group.
African American women have the highest asthma mortality rate of all groups, more

than 2.5 times higher than non-Hispanic white women

Source: Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.

Asthma and African Americans vs.


Non-Hispanic Whites

In 2011, approximately 4,300,000 African Americans reported that they

currently are diagnosed with an asthma condition.


In 2011, African Americans were 20% more likely to have asthma than non-

Hispanic whites.
Between 2003- 2005, African American children had a death rate 7 times that of

non-Hispanic white children.


Deaths per 100,000 with asthma as the underlying cause for African Americans

was 2.4 compared to non-Hispanic whites of 0.9.

Source: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, OMH.

Extract US Census data for 10 years for both the US and the two
population groups under review (African Americans and Non-Hispanic
Whites).

MORTALITY RATES PER 100.000 FOR NON HISPANIC WHITES AND


AFRICAN AMERICANS

YEAR

NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ASTHMA

NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM

NON-HISPANIC WHITES

ASTHMA AFRICAN AMERICANS

POPULATION

NUMBER OF

MORTALITY

POPULATION

NUMBER OF

MORTALITY RATE

NON HISPANIC

DEATH NON

RATE PER 100.000

AFRICAN

DEATH

PER 100,000

WHITES

HISPANIC

AMERICANS

AFRICAN

WHITES

AMERICAN

2000

195,701,752

1.134

0.4

35,814,706

2,836

1.3

2001

195,974,813

1,145

0.4

36,263,029

2,720

1.2

2002

196,140,540

1,083

0.4

36,684,650

2,589

1.3

2003

196,232,760

1,019

0.4

37,066,096

2,377

1.0

2004

196,620,983

1,001

0.3

37,510,582

2,475

1.0

2005

196,620,983

1,002

0.3

37,961,688

2,246

0.9

2006

196,832,697

943

0.3

38,443,048

2,151

0.9

2007

197,011,394

893

39,935,533

2,070

0.8

2008

197,183,535

892

0.3

39,429,414

2,012

0.8

2009

197,274,549

905

0.3

39,902,270

2,140

0.7

2010

197,318,965

899

0.3

40,250,635

2,080

0.7

0.3

Mortality Rates per 100,000 for the US, African Americans


and Non Hispanic Whites

References
American lung Association. (2012). Trends in Asthma Morbidity and Mortality. American Lung
Association Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, p. 1-28. http://www.lung.org.
Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2013, April 09). Retrieved April 09, 2013, from
http://www.aafa.org
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Minority population division. Retrieved
From: http://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/populations/REMP/black.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, national asthma control program. (2013). Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/asthma
Cetlin, A., Gutierrez, M., Bettiol, H., Barbieri, M., & Vianna, E. (2012). Influence of asthma definition on
asthma-obesity
relationship. BMC Public Health, 1-9. doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-844
Gordis. L. (2009). Epidemiology. 4 th edition. Philadelphia. Saunders Elsevier
McCance, K., Huether, S., Brashers, V., & Rote, N. (2010). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease
in Adults
and Children (6th ed.). Missouri: Mosby Inc.
Moorman, J., Akinbami, L., & Bailey, C. (2012). National surveillance of asthma: United States, 20012010. Retrieved
from www.cdc.gov
Moorman, J., Akinbami, L., & Bailey, C. (2012). National surveillance of asthma: united states, 20012010. National
Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3(35), 167. Retrieved from
www.cdc.gov
National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. (2009). Asthma comprehensive treatment
Management. Retrieved from: http://www.naepp+ASTHMA+site:www.nhlbi.nih.gov

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