11.1 A prestressed concrete pile is 20 m long. The crass section of the pile is 460 mm x 460 mm. the pile is fully embedded in sand, Given for the sand: y= 18.5 KN/m? and 4’ = 30°. Estimate the ultimate point load, Q,, using a, Meyerhofs method b. Vesic’s method (use J, = J,, = 75) ¢ Janbu’s method (use 1 = 90°) 11 a Eq (11.15): Q,=4,q'N,” A,= (0.46) = 0.2116 m? g = YL = (18.6)(20) = 372 KN / mi? 5 (Figure 11.12) Q, = (0.2116)(372)(S5) = 4329 KN Cheek: Eq. (11.17): 0, = 4,9, = 0.5p,AyN, tang= (50(0.2116)(55)(tan30) = 335.96 KN = 336 kN Use Q, = 336 KN b. Eq. (11.20) (fore’=0): Q,=4,7,N', 1,= 75; B= 30°; N’,= 45 (Table 11-5) (er q' =372KN/m; K, = sing’=05 [#QC2 crm ~ 248 KN/m? (0.2116)(248)(45) = 2361.5 KN = 2362 KN &. Bq (1131) (fore=0): Q,=4,9'N, Nj = 18.4 (Table 11.6) (0.2116)(372)(18.4) = 1448.4 KN = 1448 KN11.2 Refer to Problem 11.1. Calculate the total frictional resistance for the pile. ‘Use Eas. (11.14), (11.37), (11.38), and (11.39), Given: K = L5 and 3’ = 0.66". 11.2 Eq.(1137) L’ = 15D= (150.46) =6.9 m Atz=0, f=0. Atz= 6.9m, f= Ko,5= (1.5)(18.6 x 6.9){tan(0.6 « 30)] = 62.55 KN/ m? Qrarowern™ (4% 045 69{ 255) 5971 KN 21244919200 = (4 ¥ 0.46)(13.1)(62.55) = 1507.7 KN Q,= 397.1 + 1507.7 = 1905 kN 113. Referto Problem 11.1. Calculate the allowable load-carrying capacity (that is, Q, and Q,) using Coyle and Castillo’s method. Use FS = 4, L_ 2 : : : 427-4348; ¢'= = De hag = 348 8 30". From Figure 11.15, Ny" = 23 Eq. (11.33): Q,=4,g‘N,’ = (0.2116)(372)(23) = 1810.5 KN = KG", tan(089") pL = on( B82 — 20) naan x 0.46)(20) = 6095 kN On= —— =00SiN11.4 Redo Problem 11.1 with the following: length of pile = 80 ft, pile cross section = 12in. x 12 in. = 115 Ib/ft.and a’ = 35° a Eq. (1115): Q=4,9'N,” $= 35°; N,” = 125 (Figure 11.12) Q, (G2 ) cisxs0jc2 = 1,150,000 Ib = 1150 ki » = XID 5) = 1,150, kip Check: Eq. (11.17): Q, = Ay, = (OS x 2000 (12212); (125)(tan 35) = 87,526 Ib = 87.5 kip Use 87.5 kip b. 1,75; $= 35°; N,' = 72 (Table 1.5); K, = 1 ~ sin35 = 0.426 a ~[ 222228 aise = 56795 Ib/ ft? 12x 2) (3679.6)(72) = 408.924 Ib = 409 kip 5 = ABNe =| 199 c. Bq (1131): Q,=4,q'N,. N,’ = 34 2 , (= 2) (115 x 80)(34) = 312,800 Ib = 313 kip 12x12.115 Refer to Problem 11.4. Calculate the friction resistance for the pile using Eqs. (11,14), (11.37), (11.38), and (11.39). Given: K = 1.35 and & = 0.75 6". MS L’=15D=15(12/12)=15 ft Atz=0, /=0 Atz=15 ft, {= Ko’,tand’=(1.35)(115 * 15)tan(0.75 x 35) = 1148.4 Ib / 12 1148.4 =| 4x — |(15)| —— }=34,452 Ib Sowsn =(4F3)a5( 84) Onis = (+B }eoanesy = 298,584 Ib 4,452 + 298,584 = 333,036 Ib ~ 333 kip 11.6 Refer to Problem 11.4. Calculate the allowable load-carrying capacity of the pile tip (that is. Q,) using Coyle and Castillo’s method. Use FS = 4." 116 4 & 80; g' = 35°; Nj ~17 (extrapolated from Figure 11.15) 12x12)" 1212 Q, = 4,q'N; -( (115 x 80)(17) = 156,400 Ib 1564 kip : pay = ESP = 39.1 kip 11.7 A concrete pile 20m long having a cross section of 381 mm X 381 mm is fully embedded in a saturated clay layor for which yg = 18.5 kN/m’, 6 = 0.and G, = 70 KN/m:. Assume that the water table lies below the tip of the pile, De- termine the allowable load that the pile can carry. (Let FS = 3.) Use the a method to estimate the skin friction. 1.7 Eq. (11.19): Q,=9¢,4y= (9)(0.381)(70) = 91.45 KN Bq. (11.50): Q,= aeypl7 185 From Figure 11.23, a= 0.76 Q,= (0.76)(4 * 0.381)(70)(20) = 1621.5 KN 45 +16215 Qu = STLKN 118 Redo Problem 11,7 using the 4 method for estimating the skin friction. 1L9 A concrete pile 60 {t long having 4 cross section of 15 in. x 15 in.is fully em- bedded in a saturated clay layer. For the clay, given: y,q. = 122 Ib/it', 6 = and c, = 1450 Ib/ft”, Assume that the groundwater table is located below the tip of the pile. Determine the allowable load that the pile can carry (FS = 3). Use the A method to estimate the skin resistance. 11.10 Q,= Ply Eq. (1147): fuy= AG + 2e,) 683.29) 195k /m* L=20m. Table 11.7: 4=0.173 Q, = (4 x0.381)(20)(0.173)[185 + (2)(70)] = 1714 KN Qa SUAS +17 a gon 15), (8) (145049) 1000 119 Eq. (11.19): Q, = 4,0, = 2039 kip L= 60 f= 18.29 in; A= 0.184 (60x 122) : 2 Q, = pLAG, + 2c, = 360 Ib/ ft? ( 2 z (60)(0.184)(3660 +2 x 1450) = 362,112 Tb = 362 kip 2039 +362 Qu = = 12746 kip » 128 kip11.10 A concrete pile 16 in. x 16 in. in cross section is shown in Figure P11.10. Cal- culate the ultimate skin friction resistance by using the a a method b. Amethod Bmethod Use be = 20° for all clays, which are normally consolidated, a O.= pL) Gi Cyay + Ly % Cua). p= 4 * 16/12 = 5,33 ft Silty day gq = HS Ibi 6, = 70) Ibvft? ‘Silty clay You = 1224 IbIte ¢, = 150 Ibi? kk 16in Figure P11.102= 010208: 3; = 18222 -ngo1b sa? San _ 700 fxn 100 059 @, 1180 Figure 11.23: @; = 0.6 (118% 20) + 4001224624) _ ase9 p19? =0t0208: o z a : Figure 11.23: @ = 0.59 Q, = 5.33{(20)(0.6)(700) + (40)(0.59)(1500)] = 233,454 Ib = 233 kip _(700)(20) + (1500)(40) Sey = a 12333 Ib/ ft? 0’, (Ib / £2) 20b-~-- 118 x 20 = 2360 Gop eco seers 2360 + (60)(40) = 4760 Length of pile = 60 ft = 18.3 m; A = 0.18, = PLAl in) + 2409) taf 16 : = cat? 3) ooxorsy27667-+ ax12333)1= 3014 kip = 301 kip ©. fag = (-sings) tan $F = ~ sinzoyan20y {5 x118x 20) = 2826 Ib/ Rt? foe = (1 sina, ( 2602760 ) = 8506 1/8 0. Alifoe * bho ll «Benen 6) + (40)852.6)] = 212 kip ILL A steel pile (H-section; HP14 X 102; see Table 11.1b) is driven into alayer 0 sandstone. The length of the pile is 62 ft. Following are the properties of the sandstone: unconfined compression strength = q.qap) = 11,400 Ib/in? and an gle of friction = 36°. Using a factor of safety of 3, estimate the allowable poin load that can be carried by the pile. Use (qacéesin) = Qutaby/5}- 1.1L Eq. (11.59): ay ~ 2 = EEO? «2980 in? Ny= tant(s5+ 8) = ta (45 36) = 3852 cesin (Ny + 1) A, FS Eq. (11.61): Qpeay = For HP 14 x 102, 4, = 30 in? — (2280)(3.852 + 1)(30) Qpay = GNTOT =110.6 kipILI2 A concrete pile is 50 ft long and has a cross section of 16 in. x 16 in. The pile is embedded in a sand having 7 = 117 Ib/ft and 9’ = 37°. The allowable working load is 180 kip. If 110 kip are contributed by the frictional resistance 2 sy = Let sundh [70+ (037110160) _ Eq. (11.63): Seay AE, (16x16 in? )(3x10° kip/in?) = 00086 ft = 0.104 in dD Bq. (11.64): Seay =F (~ Hs Vag =| (222 a (22) =)]a-ese (085) = 0636 in, Eq. (11.66): 549) (2) Pa-s0., 1,, = 24035 [22 2413 (i) ho 16 2 . 7 7 4.13) = 543) lactol a 038?)(4.13) = 0.032 in. 5 S. = 0.104 + 0.636 + 0.032 = 0.772 in.11.13 Solve Problem 11.12 with the following: length of pile — 12 m, pile erosssection ~ 0.305 m x 0.305 m, allowable working load = 338 KN, contribution of frictional resistance to working load = 240 KN, E, = 21 x 10° KN/m?, E, = 30,000kN/m?, .3,and € = 0.6 (Eq, (11.63)]. (Qe * FQ )b _ 198+ (0.6 240)]12 Bq (11.63): Sey = (6305) iactoty = 200148 m= 148 mm _D Eq. (11.64): se = 2-1) Qe 819534 uN /m? fue "A, 0305)" 10534030: $0, Se) [eens 03? = = 30,000 Je 03°)(085) = 0.0083 m = 8.3 mm. Again, from Eq. (11.66) Q..) D a 12 Tyg = 24035) = 24035) = ig OH +035) ors 42 305, @ long pile. M, = 0. From Eq. (11.75) Q,T? (@E, = 4,8 ae x,(2) = A, E,ly Q, A? Atz=0, x,= 12 mm = 0.012 m; 4,= 2.435 (Table 11.13) (0.012)(21 x 100.0007) 547 KN 2 (2.435)(1.098)° L, Check for moment capacity: M,. 1G = AOT 2 2Fl, 2 ar From Table 11.13, the maximum value of A, is 0.772. 9, = 2221,000)(0.0007) 315 yy (0:305)(0.772}(1.098) Use Q, = 54.7 kN41.15 Solve Problem 11.14 by Brom's method. Assume that the pile is flexible and free headed, Let the soil unit weight, y = 16 kN/m’, the soil friction angle, 6" = 30":and the yield stress of the pile material, Fy = 21 MN/m*. 9639 (C305)°G6 tan 5415-7? Que Py Quq) = 50tan?(60)(0.305)*(16) = 68 KN Check for pile head deflection nm, 9200 J. (11.91): = - fea 2 Ee isi: 9= 4 T “VGixioryaoon ~°9™ nl = (091)(30) = 273. From Figure 11 35a, for = 273, 0 (Ents )m)? OL ous Saann(Eple)*(O9)® _ (QO12I21 10° O0007 (9200)? 5954. (OIL (0.15)(30) Use Q,= 32.5 KNLLA6 A steel Hopile (section HP13 x 100) is driven by a hammer. The maximum rated hammer energy is 40 kip-ft. the weight of the ram is 12 kip. and the length of the pile is 90 ft. Also. we have coefficient of restitution = 0.35, weight of the pile cap = 2.4 kip. hanmer efliciency = 0.85, number of blows for the last inch of penetration = 10,and E,, = 30 X 10° Ib/in2, Estimate the pile capacity using Eq. (11.108). Take FS = 6 EH, Eq. (11.108): Q, = <5 ‘H, = 40 kip - ft = 40 » 12 kip - in; £= 0.85 0, = C2402 12. 2040p 11.17 Solve Problem 11.16 using the modified EN formula. (See Table 11.15). Use FS=4. EW gh Wy +0°W, 2-546 WW, W, = weight of (pile + cap) = 05100 4.24 = 114 kip o, =| 085K40x12) pee 11679 kip 1 124114 +01 10 1167 Qu = = 292 kip1118 Solve Problem 11.16 using the Danish formula (See Table 11.15). Use FS = 3. ius g,-—2#e_, (@85{40x12)(90%12) _ 9g se 24,E, (2(29.4)(30 x 10°) (0.85)(36 x12) _ . o1s05 SO KP 2 05 = Fer kip 11.19 Figure 11.39a shows a pile. Let L 4m. yin 7 17S KN/m, and fy force on the pile. Assume that the fi 8 = 05a. 10 mm, D (pile diameter) = 450 mm, Hy = °. Determine the total downward drag s located above the water table and that p(L~sing)7 HF tans" 11.19 Eq. (11.116): a = EXDASOVCL~ sin 25)17 54?) tam(05%25) _ 96 5 uy EOE ITS e005 429) 11.20 Redo Problem 11.19 assuming that the water table coincides with the top of the fill and that Yuen = 19.8kN/m. I the other quantities remain the same, what would be the downward drag force on the pile? Assume 8” = 05d ae ears 1120 9, « Micsind wd (x 0.450)(1 - sin25(19. 2 814?) tan(05%* 25) _ 14 5 ey11.21 Refer to Figure 11.39b. Let L = 60 ft, yar = 105 Ib/ft°. Yrouae) = 121 1b/E, hay 7 28°, H, = 12 ft, and D (pile diameter) = 18 in, The water table coin- cides with the top of the clay layer. Determine the total downward drag force on the pila. Assume 8° = 0.59. 11.21 Eq Lu: & ea) Z, 7 =e» (4052) ]_2¢105)42) 4 (121-624) |" (121-624) 2184 Brea 1, #30 ft f “tand Eq. (11.119): Qe p(I~singyy 7H, tandt, + PC 2 dy tand = (« x 3 (1 — sin 28)(105)(12) tan(05 x 28)(30) + 30? {= Ba —sin28)(121 - 62.4)tan(05 x28) 2 = 56,434 Ib = 56.4 kip11.22 The plan of a group pile ({riction pile) in sand is showa in Figure P11.22. The piles are circular in cross section and have an outside diameter of 460 mm. ‘The center-to-center spacings of tke piles (d) are 920 mm. Determine the effi- ciency of pile group by a. using Eq, (11.121) b. using the Los Angles Group Action equation (Table 11.16). se @ e @....@._..@ Figure 11.22 2 +m =2)d 44D N2an Pan, d=092 m; D=0.46m.So (2Y3+3~ 20.92) + (4)(0.46) Cex OASKIG) 100) = 70.7% D mln, 0.46 (#)(092)(3)3) [ry —D-+m(m — D420 ~ DO, -D] {(2y2)+ x2) + (¥2)29@)] = 0.688 = 68.8%11.23 Refer to Problem 11.22, Ifthe center-to-center pile spacings are increased to 1200 mm, what will be the group elficiencies? (Solve parts a and b.) 11.23 a. d=12m -[ 2G+3-2)0.2) + (40046) | 69 n= [Pee aos PUrTeTEN 100) = 87.96% b& n=l (3Q) + 32) +(v2)2)2)]= 0.76 = 76.06% ___ 046 ( @I2O@ 11.24 The plan of a group pile is shown in Figure P1122. Assume that the piles are embedded in a saturated homogeneous clay having a c, = 95.8 kN/m’. Given: diameter of piles (D) = 406 mm, center-to-center spacing of piles = 700 mm, and length of piles = 18.5 m. Find the allowable load-carrying capacity of the pile group. Use FS = 3. (Note: Yuu = 18 kN/m? and the groundwater table is located at a depth of 23 m below the ground surface.) Bq. (11.123): EQ, = mml94sexyy + PEL] To obtain a: 3, = MED. «1665 18)?958 ae Fi a = 06 7gg5 70575. Figme 1123: a 0.406? Jo 8) + (06)(m x 0.406)(95 9085) . =o, — fof = (9)(111.62 +13563) = 13,211 KN ~2_ 13211, uy = = BAT 4408 Eq (11.124): LOQ,-L,Bpeuy Ne +2E(L, + Bo, AL 07) 2 in-d+2(2) = @y0400)+ = 1512 m L_ 18s t= 35 «102, i oe HT isig = 124 From Figure 1144, N; =9. So 5 EO, = (1.512)(1.512\(95 8X9) + 2X1 512 + 1.$12)95.8)(18.5) = 1971.1 + 10,718.9 = 12,690 KN = 12,690 230k 3 11.25 Redo Problem 11.24 with the following: center-to-center spacing of piles = 30 in., length of piles = 45 ft, D = 12 in..c, = 860 Ib/ft?, Yur = 122.4 1b/ft', and FS = 3. (Note: The grouné water table coincides with the ground surface.) Eq, (11.123): LO, = 194, Cy + @ pe, L] To obtain a: Figure 11.23: @=0.58= (12) x2 2. = GX3) {ols ( 2) } + ose(= ies} = (9)(6079 + 70,516) Ib = 689 kip Piles acting as a group: Eq. (11-124); LO, = Lp By uy Ne + 2D (Ly + Be, AL L, =2, =(1-nd+2(2) =a A) +1N= 6 foe i a Bene TEATS Hom Figae 11.44, N= 9 FQ, = NOE NE + HEEN4) _ 1907.4 kip 1000 689 Og =F = 229.7 » 230 kip11.26 The section of a 3 X 4 group pile in a layered saturated clay is shown in Figure P11.26. The piles are square in cross section (14 in. X 14 in.). The center-to- center spacing (d) of the piles is 40 in. Determine the allowable load-bearing capacity of the pile group. Use FS = 4, Piles acting individually: LQ, MPA; Cuyy + MPC Ly + MPC aa * PCy Lad Depth oe A @ | av/ee) avr) Gigue 1123) 0-15] 550 NS 505 oo | oss 15-35] 97s | GS*H9+00%12) 9605} oars | 07 2 es I} ss—ss | s2o0 | {haan coms | 036 | os 2 + ofA) azo s.0s6( +x 2}ss0n15 anal =200.K 4 u s107{ e445. «80{ +444) ax020) Piles acting as a group: Bg, (11.124): LO, =L,ByCyyM. + 20(Ly + B,Je, AL 1,=120+14= 134in. = 11.178; B,= 80+ 14=94 in = 7.83 L_ 55 3 HS 702 3 eae From Figure 11.14, N," = 7,57 : 1 [C1117((783\(12008.57) + (21117 +783)) fos 2790 ki = Fo09 | (550315}+ (87520) + (1200209) ° Qn = 2B = 578 kip11.27 Figure P11.27 shows a group pile in clay. Determine the consolidation settle ment of the group. Use the 2:1 method of estimate tie average effective stress in the clay layers. 1335 kN : a Sand: 7 | Groundwater ‘y= 15.72 kN/m? i Sana m Yuy = 1855 NI?Layer o ao” a ho] N/m) N/a?) | N/m) (@5.7)@) + 18.55 - 983) oa 1 | +a3)(19.18 - 9.81) ae 217.42 = 47:16 +26.22+ 121.81 19519| _275+5) 195.19 + (5)(19.18 - 981) io 2 + (2518.08 - 981) =26272 | @75+125) fee 262.72 + 251808 - 981) ri . + (1519.5 - 981)=29793| @isxlasy °° | 30153 _ (08\10) (21742) _ <0 = "Tog HG) = 0208 m = 0315) .9( 26848) _ gop oars! 3) oe (02643) 3018) - oe{ 2153) 0004 *o “T4078 29798, = DAs, © 217.7 mm